Taking the Gaoshangpu-Liuzan geothermal field in the Nanpu sag of the Bohai Bay Basin as the research object, this paper discusses the geological conditions and potential of the geothermal resources of the Guantao For...Taking the Gaoshangpu-Liuzan geothermal field in the Nanpu sag of the Bohai Bay Basin as the research object, this paper discusses the geological conditions and potential of the geothermal resources of the Guantao Formation in the study area, and introduces the development practice of geothermal energy heating in Caofeidian. The average buried depth of the Guantao Formation is 1500–2500 m, the lithology is dominated by sandy conglomerate, and the average thickness of thermal reservoir is 120–300 m. The average porosity of thermal reservoir is 28%–35%, the permeability is(600–2000)×10^(-3) μm^(2), and the temperature of thermal reservoir is 70–110 ℃. The formation has total geothermal resources of 13.79×10^(18) J, equivalent to 4.70×10^(8) t of standard coal. Based on a large amount of seismic and drilling data from oil and gas exploration, this study carried out high quality target area selection, simulation of sandstone thermal reservoir, and production and injection in the same layer. The geothermal heating project with distributed production and injection well pattern covering an area of 230×10^(4) m^(2) was completed in the new district of Caofeidian in 2018. The project has been running steadily for two heating seasons, with an average annual saving of 6.06×10^(4) t of standard coal and a reduction of 15.87×10^(4) t of carbon dioxide, achieving good economic and social benefits. This project has proved that the Neogene sandstone geothermal reservoir in eastern China can achieve sustainable large-scale development by using the technology of "balanced production and injection in the same layer". It provides effective reference for the exploration and development of geothermal resource in oil and gas-bearing basins in eastern China.展开更多
Ru（II）-complex functionalized silica nanoparticles（nano-SiO2） were prepared via a coordination reaction of cis-dichlorobis（2,2＇-bipyridine）ruthenium[Ru（bpy）2C12] complex with poly（4-vinylpyridine）（P4VP）-m...Ru（II）-complex functionalized silica nanoparticles（nano-SiO2） were prepared via a coordination reaction of cis-dichlorobis（2,2＇-bipyridine）ruthenium[Ru（bpy）2C12] complex with poly（4-vinylpyridine）（P4VP）-modified na- no-SiO2 particles. Both the Ru-complex and the functionalized nano-SiO2P4VP-Ru（bpy） hybrids were doped in poly（methyl methacrylate）（PMMA） to form optically transparent thin films. The composition and spectroscopic properties of the nano-SiO2P4VP-Ru（bpy） hybrids were evaluated with the help of thermogravimetric and elemental analysis, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and fluores- cence spectroscopy. Microscopy images revealed that the nanohybrids were approximately 12 nm in diameter and readily formed aggregates following the functionalization with P4VP and Ru（bpy）2C12. The as-prepared na- no-SiO2P4VP-Ru（bpy） hybrids produced emissions at approximately 604 and 654 nm under radiation both in solution and in doped thin films. Finally, cyclic voltammetry studies on the nanohybrid-modified electrode revealed a redox couple with the cathodic and anodic potentials at approximately 0.28 and 0.73 V（vs. Ag/AgCI）, attributed to the one electron transfer of Ru（bpy）22＋/3＋ immobilized on the nano-SiO2 particles.展开更多
基金This study was supported and helped by Professor Yan Jiahong with China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute,Yao Yanhua,Chief Geologist of the Hydrology Institute of PetroChina Liaohe Oilfield Company,and Dr.Kong Yanlong with the Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Taking the Gaoshangpu-Liuzan geothermal field in the Nanpu sag of the Bohai Bay Basin as the research object, this paper discusses the geological conditions and potential of the geothermal resources of the Guantao Formation in the study area, and introduces the development practice of geothermal energy heating in Caofeidian. The average buried depth of the Guantao Formation is 1500–2500 m, the lithology is dominated by sandy conglomerate, and the average thickness of thermal reservoir is 120–300 m. The average porosity of thermal reservoir is 28%–35%, the permeability is(600–2000)×10^(-3) μm^(2), and the temperature of thermal reservoir is 70–110 ℃. The formation has total geothermal resources of 13.79×10^(18) J, equivalent to 4.70×10^(8) t of standard coal. Based on a large amount of seismic and drilling data from oil and gas exploration, this study carried out high quality target area selection, simulation of sandstone thermal reservoir, and production and injection in the same layer. The geothermal heating project with distributed production and injection well pattern covering an area of 230×10^(4) m^(2) was completed in the new district of Caofeidian in 2018. The project has been running steadily for two heating seasons, with an average annual saving of 6.06×10^(4) t of standard coal and a reduction of 15.87×10^(4) t of carbon dioxide, achieving good economic and social benefits. This project has proved that the Neogene sandstone geothermal reservoir in eastern China can achieve sustainable large-scale development by using the technology of "balanced production and injection in the same layer". It provides effective reference for the exploration and development of geothermal resource in oil and gas-bearing basins in eastern China.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.21373058）.
文摘Ru（II）-complex functionalized silica nanoparticles（nano-SiO2） were prepared via a coordination reaction of cis-dichlorobis（2,2＇-bipyridine）ruthenium[Ru（bpy）2C12] complex with poly（4-vinylpyridine）（P4VP）-modified na- no-SiO2 particles. Both the Ru-complex and the functionalized nano-SiO2P4VP-Ru（bpy） hybrids were doped in poly（methyl methacrylate）（PMMA） to form optically transparent thin films. The composition and spectroscopic properties of the nano-SiO2P4VP-Ru（bpy） hybrids were evaluated with the help of thermogravimetric and elemental analysis, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and fluores- cence spectroscopy. Microscopy images revealed that the nanohybrids were approximately 12 nm in diameter and readily formed aggregates following the functionalization with P4VP and Ru（bpy）2C12. The as-prepared na- no-SiO2P4VP-Ru（bpy） hybrids produced emissions at approximately 604 and 654 nm under radiation both in solution and in doped thin films. Finally, cyclic voltammetry studies on the nanohybrid-modified electrode revealed a redox couple with the cathodic and anodic potentials at approximately 0.28 and 0.73 V（vs. Ag/AgCI）, attributed to the one electron transfer of Ru（bpy）22＋/3＋ immobilized on the nano-SiO2 particles.
