Objective: To investigate protective effect of Cordyceps sinensis(CS) through autophagyassociated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathway in acute k...Objective: To investigate protective effect of Cordyceps sinensis(CS) through autophagyassociated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathway in acute kidney injury(AKI)-induced acute lung injury(ALI). Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups according to a random number table, including the normal saline(NS)-treated sham group(sham group), NS-treated ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI) group(IRI group), and low-(5 g/kg·d) and high-dose(10 g/kg·d) CS-treated IRI groups(CS1 and CS2 groups), 12 rats in each group. Nephrectomy of the right kidney was performed on the IRI rat model that was subjected to 60 min of left renal pedicle occlusion followed by 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of reperfusion. The wet-to-dry(W/D) ratio of lung, levels of serum creatinine(Scr), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-βand tumor necrosis factor-α, and biomarkers of oxidative stress such as superoxide dismutase, malonaldehyde(MDA) and myeloperoxidase(MPO), were assayed. Histological examinations were conducted to determine damage of tissues in the kidney and lung. The protein expressions of light chain 3 Ⅱ/light chain 3 Ⅰ(LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ), uncoordinated-51-like kinase 1(ULK1), P62, AMPK and mTOR were measured by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: The renal IRI induced pulmonary injury following AKI,resulting in significant increases in W/D ratio of lung, and the levels of Scr, BUN, inflammatory cytokines, MDA and MPO(P<0.01);all of these were reduced in the CS groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the IRI groups, the expression levels of P62 and mTOR were significantly lower(P<0.05 or P<0.01), while those of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ, ULK1, and AMPK were significantly higher in the CS2 group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:CS had a potential in treating lung injury following renal IRI through activation of the autophagy-related AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in AKI-induced ALI.展开更多
Background The socio-economic burden of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） in Beijing is not fully understood. The study investigated the hospitalization cost in patients with AECOP...Background The socio-economic burden of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） in Beijing is not fully understood. The study investigated the hospitalization cost in patients with AECOPD and the associated factors. Methods A multi-center, retrospective study was conducted in the four hospitals in Beijing including two level III hospitals and two level II hospitals. Patients with AECOPD admitted to the hospitals between January and December in 2006 were enrolled. The hospitalization cost and its relationship with disease severity and treatment were analyzed. Results Totally 439 patients were enrolled with 294 men （67.0%） and a mean age 73.4 years. The mean hospital stay was 20.7 days. A total of 204 patients （46.5%） had respiratory failure, 153 （34.9%） with cor pulmonale, 123 （28.0%） with coronary artery disease, 231 （52.6%） with hypertension, 70 （15.9%） with cerebrovascular disease and 32 （7.3%） with renal failure. The percentage of drug cost to total cost was the highest （71.2%）, followed by laboratory cost （16.7%）, therapy cost （9.7%）, oxygen cost （7.3%）, radiology cost （4.5%）, examination cost （4.5%）, bed cost （4.1%）. Correlation analysis showed that cost was positively correlated with age, hospitalization days, co-morbidities such as respiratory failure and cor pulmonale, hypertension. Three hundred and twenty-one patients were further analyzed. The hospitalization cost increased in patients with non-invasive ventilation （P〈0.01）, invasive mechanical ventilation （P〈0.01）, ICU stay （P〈0.01）, antibiotics （P〈0.05）, systemic steroids （P〈0.01）, and poor prognosis （P〈0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that the hospitalization cost was negatively correlated with percentage forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1%） （r=-0.149, P〈0.05）, pH （r=-0.258, P〈0.01）, and PaO2 （r=-0.131, P〈0.05）, positively correlated with PaCO2 （r=0.319, P〈0.01）, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation （r=0.375, P〈0.01） and duration （r=0.463, P〈0.01）, invasive mechanical ventilation （r=0.416, P〈0.01） and duration （r=0.511, P〈0.01）, ICU stay （r=0.390, P〈0.01） and duration （r=0.650, P〈0.01）, antibiotics （r=0.140, P〈0.05） and systemic steroids （r=0.202, P〈0.01）. Conclusions AECOPD had a great impact on healthcare resources utilization. Disease severity, use of non-invasive or invasive ventilation, ICU stay and usage of antibiotics and systemic steroids were the major determinants of hospitalization cost. Long-term regular treatment aimed at reducing the frequency of acute exacerbation will lower the social and economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81460682)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2020A1515010566)the Shenzhen Foundation of Science and Technology Research and Development(No.JCYJ20190809102413156)。
文摘Objective: To investigate protective effect of Cordyceps sinensis(CS) through autophagyassociated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathway in acute kidney injury(AKI)-induced acute lung injury(ALI). Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups according to a random number table, including the normal saline(NS)-treated sham group(sham group), NS-treated ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI) group(IRI group), and low-(5 g/kg·d) and high-dose(10 g/kg·d) CS-treated IRI groups(CS1 and CS2 groups), 12 rats in each group. Nephrectomy of the right kidney was performed on the IRI rat model that was subjected to 60 min of left renal pedicle occlusion followed by 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of reperfusion. The wet-to-dry(W/D) ratio of lung, levels of serum creatinine(Scr), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-βand tumor necrosis factor-α, and biomarkers of oxidative stress such as superoxide dismutase, malonaldehyde(MDA) and myeloperoxidase(MPO), were assayed. Histological examinations were conducted to determine damage of tissues in the kidney and lung. The protein expressions of light chain 3 Ⅱ/light chain 3 Ⅰ(LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ), uncoordinated-51-like kinase 1(ULK1), P62, AMPK and mTOR were measured by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: The renal IRI induced pulmonary injury following AKI,resulting in significant increases in W/D ratio of lung, and the levels of Scr, BUN, inflammatory cytokines, MDA and MPO(P<0.01);all of these were reduced in the CS groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the IRI groups, the expression levels of P62 and mTOR were significantly lower(P<0.05 or P<0.01), while those of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ, ULK1, and AMPK were significantly higher in the CS2 group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:CS had a potential in treating lung injury following renal IRI through activation of the autophagy-related AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in AKI-induced ALI.
文摘Background The socio-economic burden of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） in Beijing is not fully understood. The study investigated the hospitalization cost in patients with AECOPD and the associated factors. Methods A multi-center, retrospective study was conducted in the four hospitals in Beijing including two level III hospitals and two level II hospitals. Patients with AECOPD admitted to the hospitals between January and December in 2006 were enrolled. The hospitalization cost and its relationship with disease severity and treatment were analyzed. Results Totally 439 patients were enrolled with 294 men （67.0%） and a mean age 73.4 years. The mean hospital stay was 20.7 days. A total of 204 patients （46.5%） had respiratory failure, 153 （34.9%） with cor pulmonale, 123 （28.0%） with coronary artery disease, 231 （52.6%） with hypertension, 70 （15.9%） with cerebrovascular disease and 32 （7.3%） with renal failure. The percentage of drug cost to total cost was the highest （71.2%）, followed by laboratory cost （16.7%）, therapy cost （9.7%）, oxygen cost （7.3%）, radiology cost （4.5%）, examination cost （4.5%）, bed cost （4.1%）. Correlation analysis showed that cost was positively correlated with age, hospitalization days, co-morbidities such as respiratory failure and cor pulmonale, hypertension. Three hundred and twenty-one patients were further analyzed. The hospitalization cost increased in patients with non-invasive ventilation （P〈0.01）, invasive mechanical ventilation （P〈0.01）, ICU stay （P〈0.01）, antibiotics （P〈0.05）, systemic steroids （P〈0.01）, and poor prognosis （P〈0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that the hospitalization cost was negatively correlated with percentage forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1%） （r=-0.149, P〈0.05）, pH （r=-0.258, P〈0.01）, and PaO2 （r=-0.131, P〈0.05）, positively correlated with PaCO2 （r=0.319, P〈0.01）, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation （r=0.375, P〈0.01） and duration （r=0.463, P〈0.01）, invasive mechanical ventilation （r=0.416, P〈0.01） and duration （r=0.511, P〈0.01）, ICU stay （r=0.390, P〈0.01） and duration （r=0.650, P〈0.01）, antibiotics （r=0.140, P〈0.05） and systemic steroids （r=0.202, P〈0.01）. Conclusions AECOPD had a great impact on healthcare resources utilization. Disease severity, use of non-invasive or invasive ventilation, ICU stay and usage of antibiotics and systemic steroids were the major determinants of hospitalization cost. Long-term regular treatment aimed at reducing the frequency of acute exacerbation will lower the social and economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）.
