Accessibility and capacity of medical resources are key for the health care and emergency response, while the efficiency of the medical resources is very much limited by hypoxia in Tibet, China.Through introducing exe...Accessibility and capacity of medical resources are key for the health care and emergency response, while the efficiency of the medical resources is very much limited by hypoxia in Tibet, China.Through introducing exercise efficiency, this study explores the accessibility of township residence to county-ship medical resources in Tibet using weighted mean travel time(WMT), and evaluates the medical capacity accordingly.The results show that: 1) the average travel time of township residence to county-level hospital is around2 h by motor vehicle in Tibet.More than half of the population can not reach the county-ship hospital within 1 h, 33.24% of the population can not reach within 2 h, and 3.75% of the population can not reach within 6 h.2) When considering the catchment of the medical resources and the population size, the WMT of the county-ship medical resources ranges from 0.25 h to 10.92 h.3) After adjusted by travel time and exercise efficiency, the county-ship medical capacity became more unequal, with 38 out of 74 counties could not meet the national guideline of 1.8 medical beds per 1000.4) In total, there are 17 counties with good WMT and sufficient medical resources,while 13 counties having very high WMT and low capacity of medical resources in Tibet.In the end, suggestions on medical resources relocation and to improve the capacity are provided.This study provides a method to incorporate exercise efficiency to access the accessibility and evaluate medical capacity that can be applied in high altitude ranges.展开更多
以北极研究为中心,基于CNKI和Web of Sciences Core Collection数据库2000—2017数据,采用CiteSpace,系统展示了中国和国际(含中国)在北极科研领域的发展趋势、前沿、热点和机构合作特征。研究表明,国内的北极研究经历了由气候海冰—航...以北极研究为中心,基于CNKI和Web of Sciences Core Collection数据库2000—2017数据,采用CiteSpace,系统展示了中国和国际(含中国)在北极科研领域的发展趋势、前沿、热点和机构合作特征。研究表明,国内的北极研究经历了由气候海冰—航运—北极治理的研究过程,发文量以北极航运为主导。国际针对北极的研究经历了三个逐步加速阶段:1990、2000和2005,北极八国和德、英、法是北极研究的主力军。北极科技合作仍主要以国家内部合作为主,但科研机构合作频率高度爆发且出现一批以“Helmholtz Centrefor Polar and Marine Research(德国)、The Arctic University of Norway(挪威)、Aarhus University(丹麦)和KoreaPolar Research Institute(韩国)”为代表的北极研究合作爆发单位;北极研究领域多样,呈现出以“arcticocean”、“climate”、“arctic temperature”、“variability”、“sea ice”、“model”等为重点的关键词,表明近年国际北极研究主要热点在气候变化、海冰、洋流等领域,这些领域相互交叉。通过对国内外北极通航经济性的系统综述分析得出:国内外学者均认为与北极海冰有关因素是制约北极通航的关键;国内学者对北极通航的经济效益较为乐观,而国外学者则较为辨证且谨慎。这与研究所考虑的角度有关,国内学者较多考虑北极通航的技术管理、人力资源、能耗、时间和政治等因素,而国外学者在这些因素的基础上,还侧重于贸易需求、通航意愿性和通航对气候的影响等因素。展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)(No.2019QZKK0607)。
文摘Accessibility and capacity of medical resources are key for the health care and emergency response, while the efficiency of the medical resources is very much limited by hypoxia in Tibet, China.Through introducing exercise efficiency, this study explores the accessibility of township residence to county-ship medical resources in Tibet using weighted mean travel time(WMT), and evaluates the medical capacity accordingly.The results show that: 1) the average travel time of township residence to county-level hospital is around2 h by motor vehicle in Tibet.More than half of the population can not reach the county-ship hospital within 1 h, 33.24% of the population can not reach within 2 h, and 3.75% of the population can not reach within 6 h.2) When considering the catchment of the medical resources and the population size, the WMT of the county-ship medical resources ranges from 0.25 h to 10.92 h.3) After adjusted by travel time and exercise efficiency, the county-ship medical capacity became more unequal, with 38 out of 74 counties could not meet the national guideline of 1.8 medical beds per 1000.4) In total, there are 17 counties with good WMT and sufficient medical resources,while 13 counties having very high WMT and low capacity of medical resources in Tibet.In the end, suggestions on medical resources relocation and to improve the capacity are provided.This study provides a method to incorporate exercise efficiency to access the accessibility and evaluate medical capacity that can be applied in high altitude ranges.
文摘以北极研究为中心,基于CNKI和Web of Sciences Core Collection数据库2000—2017数据,采用CiteSpace,系统展示了中国和国际(含中国)在北极科研领域的发展趋势、前沿、热点和机构合作特征。研究表明,国内的北极研究经历了由气候海冰—航运—北极治理的研究过程,发文量以北极航运为主导。国际针对北极的研究经历了三个逐步加速阶段:1990、2000和2005,北极八国和德、英、法是北极研究的主力军。北极科技合作仍主要以国家内部合作为主,但科研机构合作频率高度爆发且出现一批以“Helmholtz Centrefor Polar and Marine Research(德国)、The Arctic University of Norway(挪威)、Aarhus University(丹麦)和KoreaPolar Research Institute(韩国)”为代表的北极研究合作爆发单位;北极研究领域多样,呈现出以“arcticocean”、“climate”、“arctic temperature”、“variability”、“sea ice”、“model”等为重点的关键词,表明近年国际北极研究主要热点在气候变化、海冰、洋流等领域,这些领域相互交叉。通过对国内外北极通航经济性的系统综述分析得出:国内外学者均认为与北极海冰有关因素是制约北极通航的关键;国内学者对北极通航的经济效益较为乐观,而国外学者则较为辨证且谨慎。这与研究所考虑的角度有关,国内学者较多考虑北极通航的技术管理、人力资源、能耗、时间和政治等因素,而国外学者在这些因素的基础上,还侧重于贸易需求、通航意愿性和通航对气候的影响等因素。
