At different times over the past 30 years in Zhejiang Province, China, the coastal tidelands have been successively enclosed and reclaimed for agricultural land use. The purpose of this work was to evaluate whether la...At different times over the past 30 years in Zhejiang Province, China, the coastal tidelands have been successively enclosed and reclaimed for agricultural land use. The purpose of this work was to evaluate whether laboratory hyperspectral data might be used to estimate the physicochemical characteristics of these reclaimed saline soils. A coastal region of Shangyu City (Zhejiang Province), which was grouped into four subzones according to reclamation history, was used as the study area, and soil samples were collected in each subzone. Physicochemical analyses showed that the soils were characterized by high electrical conductivity and sand content with low organic matter; the longer the saline lands had been reclaimed, the lower were the electrical conductivity and sand content and the higher the organic matter content. These changing trends of soil chemical and physical properties were found in laboratory reflectance spectra of soil samples and their first-order derivative curves. Stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) identified six salient spectral bands at 488, 530, 670, 880, 1400, and 1900 nm. Using derived discriminant functions for saline lands with different historical years of reclamation, classification revealed an overall accuracy from a self-test of 86.6% and from cross-validation of 89.3%. Therefore, as opposed to time-consuming field investigations, this study suggested that remotely sensed hyperspectral data could serve as a promising measure to assess the reclamation levels of coastal saline lands.展开更多
目的对比结核病定点医院呼吸科及结核科医护人员结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染情况,评估两科医护人员感染风险差异,为结核病定点医院调整防控措施提供科学依据。方法选取2018年1月-2018年5月某沿海城市结核病定点医院的呼吸科及结核病科工作人员...目的对比结核病定点医院呼吸科及结核科医护人员结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染情况,评估两科医护人员感染风险差异,为结核病定点医院调整防控措施提供科学依据。方法选取2018年1月-2018年5月某沿海城市结核病定点医院的呼吸科及结核病科工作人员101名,同时使用结核分枝杆菌感染T细胞斑点试验(mycobacterium tuberculosis infection T cell spot test, T-SPOT.TB)及结核菌素皮肤试验(tuberculin skin test,TST)对两科医护人员进行结核菌潜伏感染率调查;同期收集院感科关于医护人员及患者口罩佩戴情况的相关资料、随访调查患者咳嗽礼仪知晓情况,进行整合分析。结果呼吸科医护人员T-SPOT.TB阳性率为26.79%,结核科为22.22%,无统计学差异(χ^2=0.279,P=0.597),呼吸科医护人员TST阳性率为48.21%,高于结核科24.44%(χ^2=6.007,P=0.014);进一步比较分析发现,呼吸科医生的TST阳性率为52.63%,高于结核科医生的9.09%(P=0.023);结核科的医务人员及患者的口罩佩戴率和佩戴正确率均高于呼吸科(P<0.05);结核科患者的咳嗽礼仪知晓率为82.82%,高于呼吸科患者26.70%(χ^2=247.76,P<0.05);随着TST试验阳性标准的提高,TST、T-SPOT.TB试验的一致性水平越来越高(平均直径≥5 mm Kappa=0.331、平均直径≥10 mm Kappa=0.661平均直径≥15 mm Kappa=0.888)。结论上调TST试验的阳性判断标准可以提高TST和T-SPOT.TB试验的一致性,以有效发现结核病潜伏感染者;应提高结核病定点医院呼吸科医护人员结核菌感染的自我保护意识,对医务人员、患者进行正确佩戴口罩及咳嗽礼仪的指导,以提升结核病定点医院整体的院内防控水平。展开更多
基金Project supported by the German Federal Ministry for Research and Education, Germany (No. AZ39742)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40571066).
文摘At different times over the past 30 years in Zhejiang Province, China, the coastal tidelands have been successively enclosed and reclaimed for agricultural land use. The purpose of this work was to evaluate whether laboratory hyperspectral data might be used to estimate the physicochemical characteristics of these reclaimed saline soils. A coastal region of Shangyu City (Zhejiang Province), which was grouped into four subzones according to reclamation history, was used as the study area, and soil samples were collected in each subzone. Physicochemical analyses showed that the soils were characterized by high electrical conductivity and sand content with low organic matter; the longer the saline lands had been reclaimed, the lower were the electrical conductivity and sand content and the higher the organic matter content. These changing trends of soil chemical and physical properties were found in laboratory reflectance spectra of soil samples and their first-order derivative curves. Stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) identified six salient spectral bands at 488, 530, 670, 880, 1400, and 1900 nm. Using derived discriminant functions for saline lands with different historical years of reclamation, classification revealed an overall accuracy from a self-test of 86.6% and from cross-validation of 89.3%. Therefore, as opposed to time-consuming field investigations, this study suggested that remotely sensed hyperspectral data could serve as a promising measure to assess the reclamation levels of coastal saline lands.
文摘目的对比结核病定点医院呼吸科及结核科医护人员结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染情况,评估两科医护人员感染风险差异,为结核病定点医院调整防控措施提供科学依据。方法选取2018年1月-2018年5月某沿海城市结核病定点医院的呼吸科及结核病科工作人员101名,同时使用结核分枝杆菌感染T细胞斑点试验(mycobacterium tuberculosis infection T cell spot test, T-SPOT.TB)及结核菌素皮肤试验(tuberculin skin test,TST)对两科医护人员进行结核菌潜伏感染率调查;同期收集院感科关于医护人员及患者口罩佩戴情况的相关资料、随访调查患者咳嗽礼仪知晓情况,进行整合分析。结果呼吸科医护人员T-SPOT.TB阳性率为26.79%,结核科为22.22%,无统计学差异(χ^2=0.279,P=0.597),呼吸科医护人员TST阳性率为48.21%,高于结核科24.44%(χ^2=6.007,P=0.014);进一步比较分析发现,呼吸科医生的TST阳性率为52.63%,高于结核科医生的9.09%(P=0.023);结核科的医务人员及患者的口罩佩戴率和佩戴正确率均高于呼吸科(P<0.05);结核科患者的咳嗽礼仪知晓率为82.82%,高于呼吸科患者26.70%(χ^2=247.76,P<0.05);随着TST试验阳性标准的提高,TST、T-SPOT.TB试验的一致性水平越来越高(平均直径≥5 mm Kappa=0.331、平均直径≥10 mm Kappa=0.661平均直径≥15 mm Kappa=0.888)。结论上调TST试验的阳性判断标准可以提高TST和T-SPOT.TB试验的一致性,以有效发现结核病潜伏感染者;应提高结核病定点医院呼吸科医护人员结核菌感染的自我保护意识,对医务人员、患者进行正确佩戴口罩及咳嗽礼仪的指导,以提升结核病定点医院整体的院内防控水平。
