Anti-Insect Activity of the Methanol Extracts of Fern and Gymnosperm

With environmental and food safety issues becoming one of the greatest concerns of the public, active plant compounds play more and more important roles in pest controlling. Fern to their particular status in plant taxology and co-evolution are of great significance for application as new pesticides due with insects. In this study, methanol extracts were distilled from wild fern and gymnosperm of 54 species of 22 families collected from Shiwandashan Mountain in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Insecticidal activities of the methanol extracts were assayed on both adult house fly （Musca domestica） and mosquito （Aedes albopictus）. Significant insecticidal activities were exhibited in the methanol extracts of five species, Cupressusfunebris （leaves and stems）, Cycas acuminatissima （roots）, Keteleeria fortunei （leaves and stems）, Onychium japonicum （whole plant）, and Pinus taiwanensis var. Darning shanensis （leaves and stems）. Applications of the extracts of these plants resulted in higher than 50% mortalities in 4th instar larvae of A. albopictus at 24 h after treatment. The methanol extracts from 13 species possessed insecticidal activities against the adult of M. domestica at 48 h after treatment with higher than 90% mortalities. The extensive screening results showed that these fern and gymnosperm were highly potential to be botanical insecticides. The findings provide a feasible and valuable basis for further investigation.

稠合杂环化合物唑虫酯对草地贪夜蛾的活性研究

【目的】草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda原产于美洲,是一种对农作物造成严重危害的昆虫,被国际农业和生物科学中心CABI评为世界十大植物害虫。目前已入侵我国14个省区,对我国玉米等种植业造成严重威胁,为做好草地贪夜蛾的防控工作,及时控制其为害。【方法】采用浸叶法测定了唑虫酯对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的室内毒力,并进行了田间药效试验。【结果】唑虫酯对草地贪夜蛾幼虫具有优异的活性,处理后1、2、3d,对2龄幼虫的LC50值分别为5.51、1.95、0.91mg/L;对3龄幼虫的LC50值分别为7.50、3.92、1.94mg/L;对4龄幼虫的LC50值分别为13.79、10.30、8.78mg/L。田间药效结果表明,玉米喇叭口期,喷雾处理后3d,唑虫酯对1-3龄幼虫的防效达到90%以上,对4-6龄幼虫的防效在50%以下。药液喇叭口点施处理后3 d,唑虫酯对草地贪夜蛾的防效在93.65%以上,施药后7 d,防效在98.78%以上。【结论】药剂对低龄幼虫杀灭效果好,高龄幼虫具有钻进性,不容易防控。应结合虫情监测和田间监测情况,把握住1-3龄幼虫防控关键时期。