蔗鸭共生对红壤蔗地土壤养分、酶活性及细菌多样性的影响

【目的】分析红壤地土壤养分和微生物群落对蔗鸭共生的响应,揭示蔗鸭共生促进甘蔗生长及改良土壤的微生态机制,为蔗鸭共生在红壤蔗区的应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用大田原位试验设3个处理:甘蔗单作、蔗鸭共生和肉鸭纯养,于甘蔗成熟期采集甘蔗单作和蔗鸭共生处理0~20 cm根际土壤及肉鸭纯养处理0~20 cm土层土壤,测定并对比分析不同处理的土壤养分、酶活性及细菌群落多样性。【结果】与甘蔗单作相比,蔗鸭共生极显著降低了土壤铵态氮含量(P<0.01,下同),极显著增加了土壤蔗糖酶活性。Alpha多样性分析结果显示,土壤细菌群落多样性Chao1指数和Shannon指数均表现为甘蔗单作>蔗鸭共生>肉鸭纯养。样本检测到的细菌类群隶属于44门1079属。物种群落组成分析表明,放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、粘球菌门(Myxococcota)是广西红壤地土壤细菌相对丰度较高的优势菌群。在属水平上,Gaiellales、JG30-KF-CM45、Gaiella、黄色杆菌属(Xanthobacteraceae)、67-14、Vicinamibacterales、JG30-KF-AS9、Roseiflexaceae、芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonadaceae)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、TK10、Sandaracinus、Vicinamibacteraceae、Rokubacteriales、小单孢菌属(Micromonosporaceae)为优势菌群。与甘蔗单作相比,蔗鸭共生明显提高了JG30-KF-AS9相对丰度。【结论】蔗鸭共生改变了土壤有效氮养分,显著增加土壤蔗糖酶活性,但短期内其根际土壤细菌群落结构无明显改变。

Interaction of salinity and cadmium stresses on mineral nutrients, sodium, and cadmium accumulation in four barley genotypes

Interaction of salinity （NaCI） and cadmium （Cd） on growth, mineral nutrients, Na and Cd accumulation in four barley genotypes differing in salt tolerance was studied in a hydroponic experiment. Cd, NaCI and their combined stresses reduced Ca and Mg concentrations in roots and shoots, K concentration in shoots, increased K and Cu concentrations in roots relative to control, but had non-significant effect on micronutrients Cu, Fe and Mn concentrations in shoot. The three stresses reduced accumulation of most tested nutrients in both roots and shoots, except NaCI and NaCl＋Cd stresses for root K and shoot Cu accumulation in salt tolerant genotypes. The salt tolerant genotypes did not have higher nutrient concentration and accumulation than the sensitive ones when exposed to Cd and NaCI stresses. In conclusion, the affecting mechanism of Cd stress on nutrients was to some extent different from salinity stress, and the NaCl＋Cd stress was not equal to additional Cd and NaCI stresses, probably due to the different valence and competitive site of Na^＋ and Cd^2＋. NaCI addition in the Cd-containing medium caused remarkable reductions in both Cd concentration and accumulation, with the extent of reduction being also dependent on genotypes. The salt-tolerant genotypes had lower Na concentration than sensitive ones.