人参PR13基因克隆及其蛋白的生物信息学分析

目的:预测分析PR13的结构及功能,方法:使用MEGA X,Expasy-ProtParam,ExPASy-ProtScale,SignaIP-5.0,TMHMM Servery 2.0,InterPro,STRING,SOPMA,Cell-PLoc 2.0及Discovery Studio 2019 Client软件进行分析。结果:结果表明:PR13分子量是8213.73 Da,且为含有信号肽的亲水性蛋白,无跨膜结构;在结构上,以α-螺旋(约38.67%)和不规则卷曲(约44.00%)为主,少量的β-折叠(6.67%)和延长链(10.67%),在系统进化树上与非人参的PR13不在同一分支上。经GO注释后,PR13是其他有机体细胞的清除器,能防御真菌及其他的生物的一种外泌体。结论:该生物信息学分析结果可为人参PR13蛋白与病原菌的互作及非生物胁迫的抗性机理和人参抗胁迫品种的选育和改良提供理论依据。

Improvement of low temperature activity and stability of Ni catalysts with addition of Pt for hydrogen production via steam reforming of ethylene glycol

Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethylene glycol(EG) at 300℃ was investigated over SiO2 and CeO2 supported Pt–Ni bimetallic catalysts prepared by incipient wetness impregnation methods. It was observed that impregnation sequence of Pt and Ni can affect the performance of catalysts apparently. Catalyst with Pt first and then Ni addition showed higher EG conversion and H2 yield owing to the Ni enrichment on the surface and the proper interaction between Pt and Ni. It was observed that although SiO2 supported catalysts exhibited better activity and H2 selectivity, CeO2 supported ones had better stability. This is attributed to the less coke formation on CeO2. Increasing Pt/Ni ratio enhanced the reaction activity, and Pt3–Ni7 catalysts with 3 wt% Pt and 7 wt% Ni showed the highest activity and stability. Ni surficial enrichment facilitated the C-C bond rupture and water gas shift reactions;and Pt addition inhibited methanation reaction. Electron transfer and hydrogen spillover from Pt to Ni suppressed carbon deposition. These combined effects lead to the excellent performance of Pt3–Ni7 supported catalysts.

A case report of bilateral carotid web:a rare occurrence

A carotid web is considered a localized form of fibromuscular dysplasia,carrying a heightened risk of stroke due to blood stagnation and subsequent clot formation downstream from the web.These abnor-malities typically affect the rear outer wall of the carot-id artery,and their exact developmental origin remains a topic of debate.This case report details the presentation of a young male with altered mental status,ultimately di-agnosed with an acute stroke using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Brain MRI revealed an ischemic stroke affecting the distribution of the left middle cerebral artery(MCA),with linear filling defects resembling shelves in the carotid bulbs on a computed tomography angiogra-phy(CTA)of the head and neck,consistent with bilateral carotid web confirmed by catheter angiography.Bilateral carotid web cases are also relatively uncommon in clin-ical practice but should not be dismissed as a potential cause of unexplained strokes.Bilateral carotid webs were identified using head and neck CTA,cerebral angiogra-phy,and carotid artery Doppler ultrasound.The patient was then treated with enteric-coated aspirin,clopidogrel,and high-intensity statins,followed by carotid endarterec-tomy after a 2-month follow-up,revealing fibromuscular hyperplasia upon pathology examination.

Berberine and Prediabetes: A Clinical Observational Study

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of berberine in treating patients with prediabetes. Methods: A total of 76 patients with prediabetes were enrolled, and at the end of a one-month run-in period, 70 patients were eligible to participate in the clinical trial and randomly assigned to two groups in a 1:1 ratio, namely a treatment group (n = 35) and a control group (n = 35). Members of the control group underwent lifestyle interventions, including dietary interventions and exercise prescriptions, while participants of the treatment group received both lifestyle interventions and oral administration of 300 mg berberine, three times daily for three months. Subsequently, the treatment group entered a washout period of two months, during which time the medication was stopped, and the lifestyle interventions continued. Following the washout period, the oral administration of berberine was resumed at the same dose and lasted for three months. Blood glucose parameters were evaluated after different treatment periods. Results: 1) Intra-group comparison: Following the first and the second treatment periods, the treatment group experienced a significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour PG (2hPG) based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c, and HOMA-IR (P < 0.05);for the control group, although the blood glucose parameters exhibited a downward trend, the differences lacked statistical significance. 2) Intergroup comparison: Compared to the control group, the treatment group showed a significant decline in the levels of FPG, 2hPG, and HbA1c, whereas the decrease in HOMA-IR had no statistical significance. 3) Safety evaluation: No serious adverse events occurred in either group. Conclusion: Berberine is safe and effective in controlling blood glucose levels in patients with prediabetes and deserves to be promoted in clinical practice.

思维导图在制药工程专业工程类课程教学中的实践研究

结合中医药院校制药工程专业的学科特点,将制药工程专业相关工程课程的知识点制作成思维导图,并配合网络教学平台进行实践,激发学生潜能和学习兴趣,有利于学生掌握基础知识,提高学习效率。增强学生掌握理论知识的能力,有助于学生在实践中解决实际问题,提高学生的工程素质。

中医药院校制药工程专业实践教学的改革与实践

针对中医药院校制药工程专业的特点,在制药工程专业实践教学过程中,为了达到提升学生进行理论与实践相结合的分析能力,运用对相关的单位操作实验进行优化选择的方式来进行操作。进而实现提高学生工程观念,强化计算机应用等一系列改革措施,有利培养学生的创新精神和综合素质,提高制药工程实践课程教学环节的教学质量。

Non-junctional Cx32 mediates anti-apoptotic and pro-tumor effects via epidermal growth factor receptor in human cervical cancer cells

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of connexin proteins(Cx),which form gap junctions(GJ),in progression and chemotherapeutic sensitivity of cervical cancer(CaC x).METHODS We analyze the expression of Cx26,Cx30,Cx32 and Cx43 in human specimens consisting of:Normal cervix(n=78),CaCx FIGO stageⅠ(n=148),CaCx FIGO stageⅡ(n=165).In CaCx cell lines,Hela-Cx32(induced expression by doxycycline),C-33A(endogenously express Cx32)and si Ha(transiently transfected plasmid with Cx32),we detected the role of Cx32 against tostreptonigrin/cisplatin-induced apopotosisin presence or absence of functional GJ through using GJ inhibitors or low density cultural.Furtherly,we observed the relativity of Cx32 and EGFR expression in human specimens.Also,we detected the role of EGFR signaling pathway in the process of Cx32 anti-apoptosis through suppressed EGFR expression by inhibitors or si RNA sequences in cell lines.RESULTS We firstly demonstrated the expression of Cx32 was highly upregulated and accumulated in cytoplasm in the CaCx specimens,and the degree of upregulation correlated with advanced FIGO stages.Thus,in three human cervical cell lines,Cx32 was shown to suppress apoptosis when GJ formation is inhibited.No matter in cases of CaCx or cell lines,Cx32 expression was highly correlated with expression of EGFR and the EGFR pathway is an essential component of the Cx32-induced anti-apoptotic effect.CONCLUSION Cx32,traditionally tumor suppressive protein,was shown to be tumor protective against chemotherapy through EGFR pathway in a GJ-independent way.

Spectroscopic Studies on Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ) Complexes with 4,4'-Bipyridine

Fourier-transform infrared（FTIR）,Raman and ultraviolet-visible spectra of 4,4＇-bipyridine and its me-tal-organic coordination compounds synthesized from 4,4＇-bipyridine and nitrate of Co（Ⅱ）,Ni（Ⅱ） and Zn（Ⅱ） were measured and analyzed,respectively.The main FTIR and Raman bands were assigned in detail.The relationship between these characteristic bands and the structure of ligands and coordination compounds were discussed.

Patterns in the Incidence of Scarlet Fever Among Children Aged 0–9 Years—China,2010–2019

Introduction:This study investigates the patterns of scarlet fever among Chinese children aged 0–9 years from 2010 to 2019.The objective is to provide insights that may inform potential adjustments to China’s current prevention and control tactics for this illness.Methods:The present study utilized data on the occurrence of scarlet fever in children from 2010 to 2019,sourced from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System database,managed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.This research implemented SAS9.4 software to construct trajectory models representing the temporal incidence of scarlet fever,accounting for key variables such as sex,geographic region,urban versus rural dwellings,and various age brackets.Results:From 2010 to 2019,a total of 554,695 scarlet fever cases were reported among children aged 0–9 years in the 31 mainland Chinese provincial-level administrative divisions,signifying a rate of 35.36 per 100,000 individuals.An inconsistent yet generally rising trend was observed,evidenced by a 3.17-fold increase in reported cases and a 3.02-fold escalation in incidence rate over this period.Examination of these trends revealed three distinctive developmental patterns for both males and females,with the lowest prevalence in the first trajectory and the highest in the third.The incidence was consistently higher among males than females in all trajectories.The urban and northern regions displayed equal or greater trajectory rates than their rural and southern counterparts,respectively.In terms of age groups,the lowest incidence was observed in the 0–1-year age group,while the highest was recorded in the 4–5 and 6–7-year age groups.Conclusions:Between 2010 and 2019,there was a marked increase in the incidence of scarlet fever among children in China.The disease predominantly impacts urban-dwelling children,ranging from 4 to 7 years old,in the northern regions of the country.The incidence is reported to be higher among boys compared to girls.

Berberine and Metformin in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Objective: To assess the effects of berberine and metformin on glucose in patients with type 2 diabets mellitus (T2DM) with a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The databases including PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBase), Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database (CNKI), WanFang, the Chinese Scientific and Technical Journals database (VIP), China Doctor Dissertation Full-text Database (CDFD) and China Master Dissertation Full-text Database (CMFD) from the inception to April 2021 in Chinese or English language were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of berberine only or combined with metformin versus metformin were included. Data extraction and paper quality assessment were conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook. RevMan 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis. Results: A total of thirteen studies were included, covering 1173 participants. The clinical heterogeneity of the included trials was relatively high. The methodological quality of most trials was generally low with bias in terms of random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding method, outcome data and selective reporting. Interventions were divided into two subgroups for analysis. Meta-analysis suggested that there was no statistical significance in the hypoglycemic effect between berberine and metformin for T2DM. However, berberine combined with metformin could reduce fasting plasma glucose (FPG) [MD = −1.49, 95% CI (−2.22, −0.76), P < 0.0001], 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) [MD = −1.89, 95% CI (−2.94, −0.84), P = 0.0004], glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) [MD = −0.65, 95% CI (−0.91, −0.40), P < 0.00001] and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [MD = −0.53, 95% CI (−1.03, −0.03), P = 0.04] levels significantly compared with metformin group. No severe adverse effects were reported in all trials. Conclusions: The hypoglycemic effect of berberine alone is not better than metformin. But berberine combined with metformin has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of T2DM. The current clinical studies are low in methodology and reporting quality, which needs to be further proved by more high quality, large sample size and multi-center RCTs.

The Correlation of Lung Function Indexes and Survival Time of Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer

Background: To those patients with advanced lung cancer, the ultimate objective is to improve the quality of life, and lung function is an important factor affecting quality of life. We detect lung function of patients with lung cancer and study the correlation between lung function and the patients’ survival time, to provide reference for evaluation of disease progression and prognosis. Methods: Lung function was detected on 59 cases of lung cancer and 63 normal controls. The relationship between lung function indexes and survival time was analyzed. Results: There was significant difference in ventilation function and diffusing capacity between lung cancer group and control group. Vital capacity (VC), Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), peak expiratory flow% (PEF%), Maximal ventilatory volume (MVV) were positively correlated to survival time in patients with advanced lung cancer (r = 0.28522064, 0.28053851, 0.28289252, 0.26908133, 0.26335034, 0.28409036, P 0.05), residual volume/total lung capacity was negatively correlated to survival time (r = ?0.30760097, P 0.05). Conclusions: The lung function decrease in the patients with lung cancer. Vital capacity (VC), Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), peak expiratory flow% (PEF%), Maximal ventilatory volume (MVV), and residual volume/total lung capacity are correlated to survival time in patients with advanced lung cancer. The lung function indexes are important marker of prognosis of patients with lung cancer.

Efficacy and Safety of Berberine for Prediabetes: A Systematic Evaluation and Meta-Analysis

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of berberine in the treatment of prediabetes. Methods: We searched the following databases, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Medline (OVID) from the databases established to December 2020 in Chinese or English language. Randomized control trials (RCTs) of berberine compared with lifestyle modification, placebo, and/or hypoglycaemics intervention on treating prediabetes were included. Data extraction and paper quality assessment were conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook. RevMan 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis. Results: Seven studies involving 859 participants were included in the study and the control groups were all lifestyle modification or metformin treatment. The clinical heterogeneity of the trials was relatively high, and the methodological quality of most trials was generally low. Meta-analysis suggested that berberine could reduce FPG (P = 0.001), 2hPG (P = 0.001) and HbA1c (P = 0.002) levels significantly as compared with lifestyle group. There was no statistical significance between berberine and metformin. No serious adverse effects from berberine were reported. Conclusions: Berberine has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of prediabetes. Due to the quality limitations of the included trials, the above conclusions need to be further verified by high-quality, large sample size and multi-center clinical trials.

High Speed Aircraft Robust Fuzzy Controller Design Based on H_∞Performance

The dynamics of the high-speed vehicle（HSV） is partially or completely unknown because of various reasons, such as modeling errors, in-flight failure, and external disturbances. In this paper, a global stability robust fuzzy controller is designed to control the flight F-16 with uncertain perturbation. For the desired H_∞ output-feedback controllers, a necessary and sufficient condition of quadratic stability is derived with the well-established results of the Lyapunov stability theory and nonnegative matrix. The controllers not only guarantee the global asymptotically stability of the resultant closed-loop system with external disturbance and parameter perturbation, but also have a desired H∞ performance in a large flight envelop（LFE）.

Pricing-based edge caching resource allocaƟon in fog radio access networks

The edge caching resource allocation problem in Fog Radio Access Networks(F-RANs)is investigated.An incentive mechanism is introduced to motivate Content Providers(CPs)to participate in the resource allocation procedure.We formulate the interaction between the cloud server and the CPs as a Stackelberg game,where the cloud server sets nonuniform prices for the Fog Access Points(F-APs)while the CPs lease the F-APs for caching their most popular contents.Then,by exploiting the multiplier penalty function method,we transform the constrained optimization problem of the cloud server into an equivalent non-constrained one,which is further solved by using the simplex search method.Moreover,the existence and uniqueness of the Nash Equilibrium(NE)of the Stackelberg game are analyzed theoretically.Furthermore,we propose a uniform pricing based resource allocation strategy by eliminating the competition among the CPs,and we also theoretically analyze the factors that affect the uniform pricing strategy of the cloud server.We also propose a global optimization-based resource allocation strategy by further eliminating the competition between the cloud server and the CPs.Simulation results are provided for quantifying the proposed strategies by showing their efficiency in pricing and resource allocation.

论美国单边主义税收措施的域外管辖权效力

国际法层面对税收管辖权的划分并无明确规则,一国采取的具有域外效力的单边主义措施将导致管辖权的冲突。美国颁布实施FATCA法案,通过市场力量将外国金融机构作为税收情报的中介,与其他国家对本国金融机构的管辖权产生冲突。尽管该法案并不违反国际法,但是美国的单边主义措施与当前国际社会建立合理税收体制的多方合作努力相背离,将美国利益置于全球利益之上,引发国际社会的关注。

邻避原则与美国税法

美国在对外关系中实行的邻避原则同样体现在其法律层面,作为一国经济主权重要组成部分的税收也充分体现了此原则。在国际税收领域,美国采取建构性单边主义,设立具有美国特色的税收制度并通过国际合作将之国际化,但同时保留对相关税收措施进行改进的权力,防止国际硬法所建构的全球治理限制美国自我治理能力。

Chemical characteristics of size-resolved aerosols in winter in Beijing

Size-resolved aerosols were continuously collected by a Nano Sampler for 13 days at an urban site in Beijing during winter 2012 to measure the chemical composition of ambient aerosol particles. Data collected by the Nano Sampler and an ACSM（Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor） were compared. Between the data sets,similar trends and strong correlations were observed,demonstrating the validity of the Nano Sampler. PM10 and PM2.5concentrations during the measurement were 150.5 ± 96.0 μg/m3（mean ± standard variation）and 106.9 ± 71.6 μg/m3,respectively. The PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.70 ± 0.10,indicating that PM2.5dominated PM10. The aerosol size distributions showed that three size bins of 0.5–1,1–2.5 and 2.5–10 μm contributed 21.8%,23.3% and 26.0% to the total mass concentration（TMC）,respectively. OM（organic matter） and SIA（secondary ionic aerosol,mainly SO42-,NO3-and NH4＋） were major components of PM2.5. Secondary compounds（SIA and secondary organic carbon） accounted for half of TMC（about 49.8%） in PM2.5,and suggested that secondary aerosols significantly contributed to the serious particulate matter pollution observed in winter. Coal burning,biomass combustion,vehicle emissions and SIA were found to be the main sources of PM2.5. Mass concentrations of water-soluble ions and undetected materials,as well as their fractions in TMC,strikingly increased with deteriorating particle pollution conditions,while OM and EC（elemental carbon） exhibited different variations,with mass concentrations slightly increasing but fractions in TMC decreasing.