The remodeling roles of lipid metabolism in colorectal cancer cells and immune microenvironment

Lipid is a key component of plasma membrane,which plays an important role in the regulation of various cell biological behaviors,including cell proliferation,growth,differentiation and intracellular signal transduction.Studies have shown that abnormal lipid metabolism is involved in many malignant processes,including colorectal cancer(CRC).Lipid metabolism in CRC cells can be regulated not only by intracellular signals,but also by various components in the tumor microenvironment,including various cells,cytokines,DNA,RNA,and nutrients including lipids.In contrast,abnormal lipid metabolism provides energy and nutrition support for abnormal malignant growth and distal metastasis of CRC cells.In this review,we highlight the remodeling roles of lipid metabolism crosstalk between the CRC cells and the components of tumor microenvironment.

Clinical Study on the Relationship between the HCG Levels during the Late Pregnancy and the Delivery Mechanism

Objective： The relationship between the HCG levels during the late pregnancy and the delivery mechanism was discussed. Method： If the HCG levels during the late pregnancy were related to the delivery mechanism was studied by using the β -HCG changes of 100 women pregnant for 36 weeks, 37 weeks, 38 weeks, 39 weeks, 40 weeks, and 41 weeks, and also the [3 -HCG changes when their uterine orifice was opened for 3cm near the time of labor as the clinical data. All these cases were found to suffer no clinical complications. Result： The difference in HCG changes during the late pregnancy was of no statistical significance （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： The β-HCG levels change during the late pregnancy is not significantly correlated with the labor onset time, and the labor onset time is unpredictable with the monitoring of the HCG levels change during the late pregnancy.

Analysis on the Correlation between Fasting Blood-glucose and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Objective： The correlation between the fasting blood-glucose （FBG） in early pregnancy and the gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） was studied. Methods： The clinical data of 300 pregnant women receiving a treatment from Yongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Langfang Health Vocational College from September 2012 to September 2013 was chosen; these cases were divided into group 6.9-6.0 mmol/L （35 cases）, group 5.9~5.0 mmol/L （58 cases）, group 4.9~4.5 mmol/L （120 cases）, and group 4.4~4.0mmol/L （108 cases） according to the range of the normal FBG. The proportional differences among the pregnant women diagnosed with GDM in different groups during the late pregnancy as well as the maternal and fetal prognosis were compared. Results： The proportion of the pregnant women diagnosed with GDM in group 6.9-6.0 mmol/L and group 5.9-5.0 mmol/L during the middle-late pregnancy was significantly higher than that of group 4.9-4.5 mmol/L and group 4.4-4.0mmol/L; there was no significant proportional difference among the pregnant women diagnosed with GDM in group 6.9~6.0 mmol/L and group 5.9-5.0 mmol/L during the middle-late pregnancy; there was no significant proportional difference among the pregnant women diagnosed with GDM in group 4.9-4.5 mmol/L and group 4.4-4.0mmol/L during the middle-late pregnancy. Conclusion： The risk of the pregnant women with FBG is higher than that of the normal pregnant women in suffering GDM during the early pregnancy, so attention should be paid to early blood glucose test and the blood glucose level should be positively controlled once they are defmitely diagnosed with GDM, and then the perinatal and maternal survival quality can be improved.

Guide to the Diet and Health of the Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the important complications occurring in women during the perinatal period and also can give rise to the adverse consequences of pregnancy, so that the possibilities for the mother and the child to suffer diabetes mellitus T2 are significantly increased. Diet control is the primary method for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus, and good health guide to diet can help control blood sugar and ensure the pregnant women to obtain sufficient blood supply so that the occurrence of adverse consequences is reduced.

Regulations of m^(6)A and other RNA modifications and their roles in cancer

RNA modification is an essential component of the epitranscriptome,regulating RNA metabolism and cellular functions.Several types of RNA modifications have been identified to date;they include N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A),N^(1)-methyladenosine(m1A),5-methylcytosine(m5C),N^(7)-methylguanosine(m^(7)G),N^(6),2′-O-dimethyladenosine(m^(6)Am),N4-acetylcytidine(ac^(4)C),etc.RNA modifications,mediated by regulators including writers,erasers,and readers,are associated with carcinogenesis,tumor microenvironment,metabolic reprogramming,immunosuppression,immunotherapy,chemotherapy,etc.A novel perspective indicates that regulatory subunits and post-translational modifications(PTMs)are involved in the regulation of writer,eraser,and reader functions in mediating RNA modifications,tumorigenesis,and anticancer therapy.In this review,we summarize the advances made in the knowledge of different RNA modifications(especially m^(6)A)and focus on RNA modification regulators with functions modulated by a series of factors in cancer,including regulatory subunits(proteins,noncoding RNA or peptides encoded by long noncoding RNA)and PTMs(acetylation,SUMOylation,lactylation,phosphorylation,etc.).We also delineate the relationship between RNA modification regulator functions and carcinogenesis or cancer progression.Additionally,inhibitors that target RNA modification regulators for anticancer therapy and their synergistic effect combined with immunotherapy or chemotherapy are discussed.

Hsa_Circ_0000826 inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer by targeting AUF1

Many circular RNAs(circRNAs)are reported to be abnormally expressed during the progression of various tumors,and these circRNAs can be used as anti-tumor targets.Therefore,it is important to identify circRNAs that can be used effectively for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC).Here,we report that hsa_Circ_0000826(Circ_0000826),a circ RNA with significantly reduced expression level in CRC tissues,is associated with a poor prognosis in patients.The silencing of Circ_0000826 promotes the proliferation of CRC cells.Conversely,the overexpression of Circ_0000826 restricted CRC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo.Furthermore,Circ_0000826 could target AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1(AUF1).AUF1,known as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D(hnRNP D),could bind to the c-MYC 3’-UTR and promote c-MYC expression.When Circ_0000826 binds to AUF1,it competitively inhibits the binding of AUF1 to the c-MYC 3’-UTR,which inhibits the c-MYC expression and cell proliferation.These results provide novel insights into the functional mechanism of Circ_0000826 action in CRC progression and indicate its potential use as a therapeutic target in CRC.