Aggregate is a worldwide raw material used for various construction purposes which are obtained from geological material through drilling, blasting, mining, and river derived. This study has been focused on river Panj...Aggregate is a worldwide raw material used for various construction purposes which are obtained from geological material through drilling, blasting, mining, and river derived. This study has been focused on river Panjkora and Kunai-derived aggregates which are natural sources of aggregate used for various construction purposes in Dir (Lower). Field observation and detailed petrographic studies of representative samples reveal that rivers Panjkora and Kunai pass from different lithological units of granite, gabbroic, and amphibolite. Petrographically, the granitic rocks of the study area are consisting of alkali feldspar, quartz, and plagioclase feldspar. Minor accessory minerals in granite were hornblende, biotite, epidote, rutile, zircon, and ore minerals. The gabbroic rocks are consisting of pyroxene, plagioclase, and minor to accessory minerals including biotite, sphene, rutile, epidote, and ore minerals. The main mineral phases in amphibolites are hornblende, plagioclase, and a minor amount of quartz, sphene, and ore minerals. Gneissose fabric has developed in amphibolite refers to its banded nature. The minor mineral phases of amphibolite include epidote, ore minerals, and garnet. The feldspar alteration in granite is in the form of sericitization and normal zoning. The physical properties of river Panjkora and Kunai float i.e., water absorption, specific gravity, fine modulus, loss Angeles and soundness were within the range. Both petrographic and geotechnical properties suggested that these aggregates are suitable to be used as coarse aggregate in concrete. These must be present in the recommendation section at the end.展开更多
Varicocele is prevalent in infertile individuals as well as in normal adolescents and adults.It has an increasing trend with growing age.Infertile individuals with varicocele,develop varying degrees of sperm abnormali...Varicocele is prevalent in infertile individuals as well as in normal adolescents and adults.It has an increasing trend with growing age.Infertile individuals with varicocele,develop varying degrees of sperm abnormalities that range from mild to severe semen abnormalities,even azoospermia may develop.The main proposed features of these abnormalities are incompetence of one-way valves of the draining veins of testes,that allow backflow of blood into testes.This backflow produces abnormally high intra-testicular pressure and temperature,that has been confirmed by thermography and pressure estimation in various studies.Microsurgical varicocelectomy may reverse the pathologic effects on spermatogenesis in most patients,which points towards the cause and effect relationship of varicocele with testicular damage.We propose that the prolonged effect of gravity might or may not be the initiating factor for varicocele,as in our experience,around 1/4th of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism patients who had no varicocele before treatment,developed varicocele within 3 to 6 mo of treatment with gonadotropins.Occasionally varicocele is produced by"Nutcrackerphenomenon",which is compression of left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery.The deleterious effects of varicocele may develop slowly,causing delayed secondary infertility or rapidly,leading to azoospermia or individual may be spared of damage due to unknown factors that need further research.展开更多
文摘Aggregate is a worldwide raw material used for various construction purposes which are obtained from geological material through drilling, blasting, mining, and river derived. This study has been focused on river Panjkora and Kunai-derived aggregates which are natural sources of aggregate used for various construction purposes in Dir (Lower). Field observation and detailed petrographic studies of representative samples reveal that rivers Panjkora and Kunai pass from different lithological units of granite, gabbroic, and amphibolite. Petrographically, the granitic rocks of the study area are consisting of alkali feldspar, quartz, and plagioclase feldspar. Minor accessory minerals in granite were hornblende, biotite, epidote, rutile, zircon, and ore minerals. The gabbroic rocks are consisting of pyroxene, plagioclase, and minor to accessory minerals including biotite, sphene, rutile, epidote, and ore minerals. The main mineral phases in amphibolites are hornblende, plagioclase, and a minor amount of quartz, sphene, and ore minerals. Gneissose fabric has developed in amphibolite refers to its banded nature. The minor mineral phases of amphibolite include epidote, ore minerals, and garnet. The feldspar alteration in granite is in the form of sericitization and normal zoning. The physical properties of river Panjkora and Kunai float i.e., water absorption, specific gravity, fine modulus, loss Angeles and soundness were within the range. Both petrographic and geotechnical properties suggested that these aggregates are suitable to be used as coarse aggregate in concrete. These must be present in the recommendation section at the end.
文摘Varicocele is prevalent in infertile individuals as well as in normal adolescents and adults.It has an increasing trend with growing age.Infertile individuals with varicocele,develop varying degrees of sperm abnormalities that range from mild to severe semen abnormalities,even azoospermia may develop.The main proposed features of these abnormalities are incompetence of one-way valves of the draining veins of testes,that allow backflow of blood into testes.This backflow produces abnormally high intra-testicular pressure and temperature,that has been confirmed by thermography and pressure estimation in various studies.Microsurgical varicocelectomy may reverse the pathologic effects on spermatogenesis in most patients,which points towards the cause and effect relationship of varicocele with testicular damage.We propose that the prolonged effect of gravity might or may not be the initiating factor for varicocele,as in our experience,around 1/4th of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism patients who had no varicocele before treatment,developed varicocele within 3 to 6 mo of treatment with gonadotropins.Occasionally varicocele is produced by"Nutcrackerphenomenon",which is compression of left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery.The deleterious effects of varicocele may develop slowly,causing delayed secondary infertility or rapidly,leading to azoospermia or individual may be spared of damage due to unknown factors that need further research.
