商业模式创新过程:“从无到有”与“从有到新”

如果借用自然界来隐喻,商业是复杂生态系统,那么行业是生态中的不同种群,企业就是种群中的活动单元。在人类漫长的商业史中,尽管变革常在,但在相当长一段时间里,这一变革主要是种群的起起落落,背后的微观基础是种群内企业的生老病死、代际更替,偶有间断但长期均衡的线性变革模式是理论和实践思维的主导逻辑。正因如此,新企业通常被隐喻为“经济活力之源”,强调的是时间维度上的“新生”和“老旧”,尽管极少数新企业超越了时间维度上的“新意”,为商业系统注入了“创造性破坏”,它们通过打破规则来推动行业种群变异,但这样的现象高度稀缺,终究仍是大多数人常识里的极端少数(Schumpeter,1942)。

Upconversion Luminescence of SrTiO3：Er^3＋ Ultrafine Powders Produced by 785 nm Laser

Er3+ 做的 SrTiO3 极其细小的粉末被稳固的州的反应在熔融的 NaCl 流动准备。结构的性质被 X 光检查衍射，地排放扫描电子显微镜学，和 Fourier 变换描绘红外线的光谱学。在 SrTiO3 的 Er3+ 的 Stokes 排放系列：从绿色接近红外线的区域的 Er3+ 在 514.5 nm 激光刺激下面被调查。Er3+ 的绿、红的 upconverted 光系列被 785 nm 激光在刺激下面测量进 4I9/2 水平。upconversion 机制通过激光力量依赖和 upconverted 排出物的 Er3+ 离子集中依赖详细被学习，并且结果证明激动的州的吸收和精力转移过程是为 upconversion 的可能的机制。upconversion 性质显示那 SrTiO3 :Er3+ 可以在 upconversion 黄磷被使用。

Optimization of Extraction Technology for Rice Bran Oil

[ Objective ] This study aimed to optimize the extraction technology for rice bran oil. [ Method ] Using rice bran as raw material, effects of ultrasonicassisted extraction technology and different organic solvents, extraction durations, solid-liquid ratios and extraction temperatures on extraction results of rice bran oil were investigated. Based on the results of single-factor experiment, L9 （34 ） orthngonal experiment with three factors at three levels was conducted to optimize the extraction technological parameters, thus obtaining the optimal technological conditions for extracting rice bran oil. [ Result] Anhydrous ethanol led to the best extraction result; after ultrasonic treatment, the extraction rate of rice bran oil from raw material was not enhanced. The optimized technological parameters were ： extraction temperature of 80 ℃, extraction duration of 20 rain and solid-liquid ratio of 1：24 （ g： ml）. Under the optimized technological conditions, the extraction rate of rice bran oil reached 19.33%. [ Conclusion] This study laid solid foundation for further investigation and development of rice bran oil.

工业窑炉废气氟化物治理工艺设计与运用

山东某企业生产过程中有高浓度气态氟化物废气产生,为了实现废气净化处理,采用"烟道反应器+沸腾床反应器"的干法脱氟工艺路线。对该工艺进行阐述并对系统运行进行分析,结果表明,原废气氟化氢含量为400~520mg/Nm3时,经过"烟道反应器+沸腾床反应器"治理系统脱除后,净气氟化物含量可降至6mg/Nm3以下,脱氟效率约98.9%以上,达到当地环境排放标准。

Mining Syndrome Differentiating Principles from Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Data

Syndrome differentiation-based treatment is one of the key characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).The process of syndrome differentiation is difficult and challenging due to its complexity,diversity and vagueness.Analyzing syndrome principles from historical records of TCM using data mining(DM)technology has been of high interest in recent years.Nevertheless,in most relevant studies,existing DM algorithms have been simply developed for TCM mining,while the combination of TCM theories or its characteristics with DM algorithms has rarely been reported.This paper presents a novel Symptom-Syndrome Topic Model(SSTM),which is a supervised probabilistic topic model with three-tier Bayesian structure.In the SSTM,syndromes are considered as observed topic labels to distinguish certain symptoms from possible symptoms according to their different positions.The generation of our model is in full compliance with the syndrome differentiation theory of TCM.Experimental results show that the SSTM is more effective than other models for syndrome differentiating.

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate change.Yet,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air temperatures.Despite many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are unclear.This systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their benefits.After screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main divisions.Certain GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling capabilities.However,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)attention.The most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the future.Given the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future GBGI.This global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,filling research gaps,and promoting community resilience.

Rush-hour aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons in selected subway stations of Shanghai,China

Air samples were collected simultaneously at platform,mezzanine and outdoor in five typical stations of subway system in Shanghai,China using stainless steel canisters and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass selective detector （GC-MSD） after cryogenic pre-concentration.Benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene and xylenes （BTEX） at the platforms and mezzanines inside the stations averaged （10.3±2.1）,（38.7±9.0）,（19.4±10.1） and （30.0±11.1） μg/m 3,respectively;while trichloroethylene （TrCE）,tetrachloroethylene （TeCE） and para-dichlorobenzene （pDCB）,vinyl chloride and carbon tetrachloride were the most abundant chlorinated hydrocarbons inside the stations with average levels of （3.6±1.3）,（1.3±0.5）,（4.1±1.1）,（2.2±1.1） and （1.2±0.3） μg/m 3,respectively.Mean levels of major aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons were higher indoor （platforms and mezzanines） than outdoor with average indoor/outdoor （I/O） ratios of 1.1–9.5,whereas no significant indoor/outdoor differences were found except for benzene and TrCE.The highly significant mutual correlations （p0.01） for BTEX between indoor and outdoor and their significant correlation （p0.05） with methyl tert-butyl ether （MTBE）,a marker of traffic-related emission without other indoor and outdoor sources,indicated that BTEX were introduced into the subway stations from indoor/outdoor air exchange and traffic emission should be their dominant source.TrCE and pDCB were mainly from indoor emission and TeCE might have both indoor emission sources and contribution from outdoor air,especially in the mezzanines.

Nanoscaled MnSnO_(2)@CsPbBr_(3) quantum dots heterostructure photocatalyst as efficient organic pollutants degradation by peroxymonosulfate;DFT calculation

In this work,we developed a promising photocatalyst in CsPbBr_(3) quantum dots(QDs)because of their exceptional optoelectronic characteristics.However,QDs applications in the field of photocatalysis were mainly hampered by their poor stability and insufficient charge transfer efficiency.Herein,a novel and efficient MnSnO_(2)@CsPbBr_(3)(MSO@QDs)nanocomposite was first time effectively designed and synthe-sized by a wet impregnation method for peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation under the light.The newly generated interface phase of QDs between MnSnO_(2)(MSO)showed great potential to improve light ab-sorption,leading to effective separation and transfer of photoelectron-hole pairs.This novel nanocompos-ite MSO@QDs showed great Flurbiprofen(FL)removal efficiency under the PMS/Light system.It should be noted that this nanocomposite removed 85.74%of FL in just 70 min,which was almost 1.11 and 2.51 times greater than using pure QDs and pure MSO,respectively.Based on thorough measurements of structural analysis,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET),UV-vis spectra,electrochemical impedance spec-troscopy(EIS),transient photocurrent response,and a potential mechanism for organic pollutants degra-dation over MSO@QDs nanocomposite was envisioned.The principal reactive species of photoinduced holes(h^(+)),i.e.O_(2)^(˙−),SO_(4)^(˙−),^(˙)OH,and non-radical(^(1)O_(2))were characterized via scavengers’technique and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)measurements.The highest photocatalytic performance for the re-moval of MO,MB,and IBU was demonstrated by MSO@QDs nanocomposite/PMS,revealing their excellent ability to remove organic pollutants through photo-oxidation.Furthermore,the developed nanocompos-ite exhibited good stability in an aqueous medium.According to computational investigation using the density functional theory(DFT)method,the site’s higher Fukui index f^(0) value corresponds to a greater propensity to be attacked by reactive species.This work offers a fresh perspective on developing further high-efficiency,low-cost photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.

Enhancing light yield of Tb^(3+)-doped fluoride nanoscintillator with restricted positive hysteresis for low-dose high-resolution X-ray imaging

Developing scintillators with high light yield(LY),superior irradiation stability,and weak afterglow is of significance for the realization of low-dose high-resolution X-ray excited optical luminescence(XEOL)imaging.Lanthanide doped fluoride nanoparticles possess low toxicity,superior environmental stability,facial fabrication process,and tunable emissions,which are appropriate candidates for the next generation nanoscintillators(NSs).However,the low LY and strong positive hysteresis greatly restrict their practical application.Here,we propose an effective strategy that engineers energy gap to significantly enhance the LY.Our results verify that the tetragonal LiLuF4 host benefits the crystal level splitting of Tb^(3+)ions,which greatly promotes the electrons population on the Tb^(3+):5D4 level followed by the enhanced LY.The LY of LiLuF4:Tb@LiLuF4 NSs is calculated to be~31,169 photons/MeV,which is much higher than the lead halide perovskite colloidal CsPbBr3(~21,000 photons/MeV)and LuAG:Ce(~22,000 photons/MeV)scintillators.Moreover,the positive hysteresis is remarkably restricted after coating a thin shell.The X-ray detection limit and spatial resolution are measured to be~21.27 nGy/s and~7.2 lp/mm,respectively.We further verify that this core/shell NS can be employed as scintillating screen to realize XEOL imaging under the low dose rate of 13.86μGy/s.Our results provide an effective route to develop high performance NSs,which will promote great opportunities for the development of low-dose high-resolution XEOL imaging devices.

Y_(4)GeO_(8):Er^(3+),Yb^(3+) up-conversion phosphors for optical temperature sensor based on FIR technique

Herein,we reported novel Y_(4)GeO_(8):Er^(3+),Yb^(3+)phosphors elaborated via conventional solid-state reaction.and we further explored their properties as optical thermometer by using fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR)method complemented by detailed analysis on crystal structure,up-conversion luminescence and energy transfer from Yb^(3+)to Er^(3+).Upon 980 nm laser excitation,Y_(4)GeO_(8):Er^(3+),Yb^(3+)phosphors present525,547 and 659 nm emission bands assigned to the characteristic transitions of Er^(3+).Furthermore,Y_(4)GeO_(8):Er^(3+),Yb^(3+)samples show outstanding temperature sensing performances.To be specific,the minimal temperature resolution is 0.03 K(303 K),and the relative sensitivity of FIR can be up to 1.152%/K(303 K).Hence,Y_(4)GeO_(8):Er^(3+),Yb^(3+)phosphors can be possible candidates for thermometry devices.

Partial AZFc duplications not deletions are associated with male infertility in the Yi population of Yunnan Province,China

Objective:There are many reports on associations between spermatogenesis and partial azoospermia factor c(AZFc) deletions as well as duplications;however,results are conflicting,possibly due to differences in methodology and ethnic background.The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of AZFc polymorphisms and male infertility in the Yi ethnic population,residents within Yunnan Province,ChinaMethods:A total of 224 infertile patients and 153 fertile subjects were selected in the Yi ethnic population.The study was performed by sequence-tagged site plus/minus(STS+/) analysis followed by gene dosage and gene copy definition analysis.Y haplotypes of 215 cases and 115 controls were defined by 12 binary markers using single nucleotide polymorphism on Y chromosome(Y-SNP) multiplex assays based on single base primer extension technology.Results:The distribution of Y haplotypes was not significantly different between the case and control groups.The frequencies of both gr/gr(7.6% vs.8.5%) and b2/b3(6.3% vs.8.5%) deletions do not show significant differences.Similarly,single nucleotide variant(SNV) analysis shows no significant difference of gene copy definition between the cases and controls.However,the frequency of partial duplications in the infertile group(4.0%) is significantly higher than that in the control group(0.7%).Further,we found a case with sY1206 deletion which had two CDY1 copies but removed half of DAZ genes.Conclusions:Our results show that male infertility is associated with partial AZFc duplications,but neither gr/gr nor b2/b3 deletions,suggesting that partial AZFc duplications rather than deletions are risk factors for male infertility in Chinese-Yi population.

Ambient volatile organic compounds at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta region:Variations,source apportionment and effects on ozone formation

We present the continuously measurements of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)at a receptor site(Wan Qing Sha,WQS)in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region from September to November of 2017.The average mixing ratios of total VOCs(TVOCs)was 36.3±27.9 ppbv with the dominant contribution from alkanes(55.5%),followed by aromatics(33.3%).The diurnal variation of TVOCs showed a strong photochemical consumption during daytime,resulting in the formation of ozone(O_(3)).Five VOC sources were resolved by the positive matrix factorization(PMF)model,including solvent usage(28.6%),liquid petroleum gas(LPG)usage(24.4%),vehicle exhaust(21.0%),industrial emissions(13.2%)and gasoline evaporation(12.9%).The regional transport air masses from the upwind cities of south China can result in the elevated concentrations of TVOCs.Low ratios of TVOCs/NO_(x)(1.53±0.88)suggested that the O_(3) formation regime at WQS site was VOC-limited,which also confirmed by a photochemical box model with the master chemical mechanism(PBM-MCM).Furthermore,the observation on high-O_(3) episode days revealed that frequent O_(3) outbreaks at WQS were mainly caused by the regional transport of anthropogenic VOCs especially for aromatics and the subsequent photochemical reactions.This study provides valuable information for policymakers to propose the effective control strategies on photochemical pollution in a regional perspective.

Tunable luminescence and energy transfer in Y_(2)BaAl_(4)SiO_(12):Tb^(3+),Eu^(3+)phosphors for solid-state lighting

Single-phase Y_(2)BaAl_(4)SiO_(12):Tb^(3+),Eu^(3+)phosphors with adjustable luminescence were successfully prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction method.The structural,luminescent properties and ene rgy transfer(ET) process of Y_(2)BaAl_(4)SiO_(12):Tb^(^(3+)),Eu^(3+)phosphors were syste matically analyzed with the help of X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),excitation spectra,emission spectra and photoluminescence decay curves.Tunable luminescence ranging from green through yellow and definitively to red can be achieved by elevating amounts of Eu^(3+)ions in Tb^(3+),Eu^(3+)co-doped samples.Besides,the ET mechanism and efficiency were also analyzed and the maximum ET efficiency is 67%.All the results show that Y_(2)BaAl_(4)SiO_(12):Tb^(3+),Eu^(3+)phosphors can be used in solid-state lighting.

Effects of Crystallinity and Defects of Layered Carbon Materials on Potassium Storage:A Review and Prediction

Layered carbon materials(LCMs)are composed of basic carbon layer units,such as graphite,soft carbon,hard carbon,and graphene.While they have been widely applied in the anode of potassium-ion batteries,the potassium storage mechanisms and performances of various LCMs are isolated and difficult to relate to each other.More importantly,there is a lack of a systematic understanding of the correlation between the basic microstructural unit(crystallinity and defects)and the potas-sium storage behavior.In this review,we explored the key structural factors affecting the potassium storage in LCMs,namely,the crystallinity and defects of carbon layers,and the key parameters(L_(a),L_(c),d_(002),I_(D)/I_(G))that characterize the crystallinity and defects of different carbon materials were extracted from various databases and literature sources.A structure–property database of LCMs was thus built,and the effects of these key structural parameters on the potassium storage properties,including the capacity,the rate and the working voltage plateau,were systematically analyzed.Based on the structure–prop-erty database analysis and the guidance of thermodynamics and kinetics,a relationship between various LCMs and potas-sium storage properties was established.Finally,with the help of machine learning,the key structural parameters of layered carbon anodes were used for the first time to predict the potassium storage performance so that the large amount of research data in the database could more effectively guide the scientific research and engineering application of LCMs in the future.

Monodisperse micro-spherical Sr_(2-z)Mg_(1+y)Y_(z)Al_(22-x)O_(36):xMn^(4+)red phosphors

With narrow red photoluminescence (PL) bands, tetravalent Mn^(4+) doped phosphors show promising prospect in commercial application to effectively expand color gamut of phosphor converted LED displays. Here, we report a type of Sr_(2-z)Mg_(1+y)Y_(z)Al_(22-x)O_(36):xMn^(4+) phosphors with regular cage-like micro-spherical morphologies. The micron size spherical precursors were synthesized with a propylene oxide (PO) driven fast sol–gel method. The cage -like spherical morphology is beneficial to efficiently trapping much incident light to enhance the PL of the phosphors. Being calcined at 1300 ℃, Sr_(2)MgAl_(21.978)O_(36):0.022Mn^(4+) only exhibits the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 24.91%. With the Mg^(2+)-Mn^(4+) codoping and Y^(3+)/Sr^(2+) substituting strategies, to fulfill charge balance and produce John-Teller distortion, IQE of Sr_(2-z)Mg_(1+y)Y_(z)Al_(22-x)O_(36):xMn^(4+) can be further improved up to 36.45%. The CIE color coordinates of Sr_(2-z)Mg_(1+y)Y_(z)Al_(22-x)O_(36):xMn^(4+) under near ultraviolet excitation can be stably fixed to (0.723, 0.227) at deep red region. It thus finds a potential application as pc-LED display with much broader color gamut than that of the NTSC standard. Therefore, Sr_(2-z)Mg_(1+y)Y_(z)Al_(22-x)O_(36):xMn^(4+) micron size spheres can be employed as promising red phosphors for high performance LED displays.

Microstructure,magnetic domain and dynamic loss of surface-textured Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy

Heterogeneous coarse surface crystallites induced in the industrial Fe-rich nanocrystalline alloy is an obstacle for high-frequency and high-power commercial applications.Herein,the phase,crystal orientation,nanostructure and magnetic domain evolution of the surface-crystallized Fe-rich alloy were systematically investigated.Microstructure and inverse pole figures analysis confirms that the DOordered dendriticcrystallites bear<001>-oriented fiber texture before and after annealing at the free surface,while ultrafine nanocrystals are randomly oriented in the interior and wheel surface after annealing.As compared to zero magnetic-field-annealing,the transverse magnetic-field-annealing induces weakly oriented fiber texture and relatively uniform dendritic-crystallites at the surface,and uniform anisotropy in the interior and surface,which promotes smooth wall motion at the surface and magnetization rotation in the interior.This synergetic effect reduces the excess loss and leads reduction in dynamic loss at 1.0 T and10 kHz by 36%.

The digitalization and public crisis responses of small and medium enterprises:Implications from a COVID-19 survey

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)outbreak is a global crisis that has placed small and medium enterprises(SMEs)under huge pressure to survive,requiring them to respond effectively to the crisis.SMEs have adopted various digital tech no logies to cope with this crisis.Using a data set from a survey with 518 Chin ese SMEs,the study examines the relati on ship between SMEs'digitalizatio n and their public crisis responses.The empirical results show that digitalization has enabled SMEs to respond effectively to the public crisis by making use of their dynamic capabilities.In addition,digitalization can help improve SMEs'performance.We propose a theoretical framework ofdigitalization and crisis respohses for SMEs and present three avenues for future research.