A new species of the genus Leptobrachella,Leptobrachella damingshanensis sp.nov.is described from central Guangxi,China,based on morphological,molecular,and acoustic data.Phylogenetic analyses using a 16S rRNA gene fr...A new species of the genus Leptobrachella,Leptobrachella damingshanensis sp.nov.is described from central Guangxi,China,based on morphological,molecular,and acoustic data.Phylogenetic analyses using a 16S rRNA gene fragment indicated that the new species formed an independent clade close to L.nahangensis and L.nyx.However,the new species differs from all known congeners based on a combination of the following characters:medium size(snout-vent length(SVL)33.6–34.4 mm in males);pair of distinct jacinth humeral glands on proximal thigh area;rough dorsal skin with sparse jacinth tubercles and several short longitudinal ridges;creamy white ventral surface with small,creamy white glands on throat,chest,belly,and ventral surfaces of thighs,becoming more concentrated near lateral margin;webbing and lateral fringes absent on fingers,toes with rudimentary webbing and narrow lateral fringes;flanks with small irregular black spots;iris bicolored,upper half copper,fading to silver in lower half.Uncorrected p-distances were greater than 4.7%between Leptobrachella damingshanensis sp.nov.and all homologous DNA sequences available for the 16S rRNA gene.The new species is only known to occur in the Damingshan National Nature Reserve,where it inhabits montane evergreen forests between 1000–1200 m a.s.l.展开更多
Exosomes are a kind of nanoscale membrane vesicles that can be secreted by many types of cells in both normal and pathological states and play a very important role in intercellular information exchange and transmissi...Exosomes are a kind of nanoscale membrane vesicles that can be secreted by many types of cells in both normal and pathological states and play a very important role in intercellular information exchange and transmission by transporting proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biologically active substances to act on the receptor cells. Recent studies have shown that exosomes from some plants, animals, microorganisms, and other food sources can also be extracted like the structure of exosomes secreted by mammalian cells, which are named food-derived exosomes (FDEs) and can be absorbed by intestinal cells and further transported to other organs through blood circulation. With the advantages of high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, low toxicity, high cargo capacity, and the ability to cross biological barriers, FDEs can be involved in a variety of applications such as immune response, cell migration, and tumor invasion, and have attracted a lot of attention as biotherapeutic agents and drug delivery carriers in the treatment of human diseases. This article reviews the classification, preparation characterization, physiological processes in the human body, biological functions, and application prospects of FDEs. It aims to provide a reference for the research and application of FDEs in disease treatment.展开更多
Chlorogenic acid（CGA）, a polyphenolic compound, is abundant in fruits, dietary vegetables, and some medicinal herbs. This study investigated the prevention of CGA against acetaminophen（AP）-induced hepatotoxicity a...Chlorogenic acid（CGA）, a polyphenolic compound, is abundant in fruits, dietary vegetables, and some medicinal herbs. This study investigated the prevention of CGA against acetaminophen（AP）-induced hepatotoxicity and its engaged mechanisms. CGA reversed the decreased cell viability induced by AP in L-02 cells in vitro. In addition, CGA reduced the AP-induced increased serum levels of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase（ALT/AST） in vivo. The effect of CGA on cytochrome P450（CYP） enzymatic（CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4） activities showed that CGA caused very little inhibition on CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymatic activities, but not CYP3A4. The measurement of liver malondialdehyde（MDA）, reactive oxygen species（ROS）, and glutathione（GSH） levels showed that CGA prevented AP-induced liver oxidative stress injury. Further, CGA increased the AP-induced decreased m RNA expression of peroxiredoxin（Prx） 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, epoxide hydrolase（Ephx） 2, and polymerase（RNA） II（DNA directed） polypeptide K（Polr2k）, and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2（Nrf2）. In summary, CGA ameliorates the AP-induced liver injury probably by slightly inhibiting CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymatic properties. In addition, cellular important antioxidant signals such as Prx1, 2, 3, 5, 6, Ephx2, Polr2 k, and Nrf2 also contributed to the protection of CGA against AP-induced oxidative stress injury.展开更多
Abiotic stresses often disrupt protein folding and induce endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress. There is a sophisticated ER quality control （ERQC） system to mitigate the effects of malfunctioning proteins and maintai...Abiotic stresses often disrupt protein folding and induce endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress. There is a sophisticated ER quality control （ERQC） system to mitigate the effects of malfunctioning proteins and maintain ER homeostasis. The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER activates the unfolded protein response （UPR） to enhance ER protein folding and the degradation of misfolded proteins mediate by ER- associated degradation （ERAD）. That ERQC reduces abiotic stress damage has been well studied in mammals and yeast. However, in plants, both ERAD and UPR have been studied separately and found to be critical for plant abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, we discovered that UPR-associated transcription factors AtbZlP17, AtbZIP28 and AtbZIP60 responded to tunicamycin （TM） and NaCl induced ER stress and subsequently enhanced Arabidopsis thaliana abiotic stress tolerance. They regulated the expression level of ER chaperones and the HRD1-complex components. Moreover, overexpression of AtbZIP17, AtbZIP28 and AtbZIP60 could restore stress tolerance via ERAD in the HRD1-complex mutant hrd3a-2, which suggested that UPR and ERAD have an interactive mechanism in Arabidopsts.展开更多
Research interest in pneumatic conveying technologies in processes such as peanut harvesting and shelling has grown rapidly in recent years.However,the use of pneumatic conveyors in this application suffers from high ...Research interest in pneumatic conveying technologies in processes such as peanut harvesting and shelling has grown rapidly in recent years.However,the use of pneumatic conveyors in this application suffers from high pod damage rates and duct obstruction.To address these issues,we analyzed the critical speed of pneumatic transport for conveying the peanut pods and measured the angle of friction and coefficient of restitution of peanut pods on a variety of material surfaces.Based on the results of these tests,optimizations and improvements were made to the separator bowl,air supply duct,and conveying duct.A pneumatic conveying experiment was then performed using peanut pods.In the factorial experiment,it was found that increases in fan speed increase the pod damage rate and transport efficiency,while increases in the thickness of the cushioning/anti-obstruction layer decrease the rate of pod damage and transport efficiency.Pod damage rates were significantly affected by fan speed,the thickness of the cushioning/obstruction prevention layer,and interaction between these factors,while transport efficiency was only significantly affected by fan speed.It is proved by the machine verification test,the optimal parameters for the pneumatic transport of Baisha peanut pods with a moisture content of 7.24%was a fan speed of 2700 r/min and a cushioning/anti-obstruction layer thickness of 6 mm.A pod damage rate of 5.19%and transport efficiency of 92.03%were achieved using these parameters,which are sufficient for meeting the requirements of industrial applications.展开更多
To obtain the optimal operation parameters of fixed-bed reversing ventilation drying of peanuts,a set of partial differential equations indicating the heat and mass transfer relationships between the peanut pods and a...To obtain the optimal operation parameters of fixed-bed reversing ventilation drying of peanuts,a set of partial differential equations indicating the heat and mass transfer relationships between the peanut pods and air during drying was proposed.Then,a series of discretized models were established for simulation,and the time consumed,unevenness,and energy consumption for batch drying were calculated.The results showed that reversing ventilation and segmented drying was helpful to these issues for high drying ability.The optimal operation parameters were determined by uniform design experimentation of mathematical simulation.The result showed that when the moisture content(wet basis)was above 22%,a ventilation velocity of 0.46 m/s was optimal;when the moisture content was between 8%and 22%,a ventilation velocity of 0.20 m/s was optimal.Using the optimal parameters,the computer simulating result was compared with the experimental results.The correlation coefficients between the simulating and the experimental values for the temperature and moisture content were all above 0.98 and the quality of dried peanuts was close to that of natural sun-dried ones,which indicates that the optimization results of the drying parameters are highly reliable.展开更多
Quantum computing is an emerging technology that is expected to realize an exponential increase in computing power. Recently,its theoretical foundation and application scenarios have been extensively researched and ex...Quantum computing is an emerging technology that is expected to realize an exponential increase in computing power. Recently,its theoretical foundation and application scenarios have been extensively researched and explored. In this work, we propose efficient quantum algorithms suitable for solving computing power scheduling problems in the cloud-rendering domain, which can be viewed mathematically as a generalized form of a typical NP-complete problem, i.e., a multiway number partitioning problem.In our algorithm, the matching pattern between tasks and computing resources with the shortest completion time or optimal load balancing is encoded into the ground state of the Hamiltonian;it is then solved using the optical coherent Ising machine, a practical quantum computing device with at least 100 qubits. The experimental results show that the proposed quantum scheme can achieve significant acceleration and save 97% of the time required to solve combinatorial optimization problems compared with classical algorithms. This demonstrates the computational advantages of optical quantum devices in solving combinatorial optimization problems. Our algorithmic and experimental work will advance the utilization of quantum computers to solve specific NP problems and will broaden the range of possible applications.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060116)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China(2020GXNSFDA238022)。
文摘A new species of the genus Leptobrachella,Leptobrachella damingshanensis sp.nov.is described from central Guangxi,China,based on morphological,molecular,and acoustic data.Phylogenetic analyses using a 16S rRNA gene fragment indicated that the new species formed an independent clade close to L.nahangensis and L.nyx.However,the new species differs from all known congeners based on a combination of the following characters:medium size(snout-vent length(SVL)33.6–34.4 mm in males);pair of distinct jacinth humeral glands on proximal thigh area;rough dorsal skin with sparse jacinth tubercles and several short longitudinal ridges;creamy white ventral surface with small,creamy white glands on throat,chest,belly,and ventral surfaces of thighs,becoming more concentrated near lateral margin;webbing and lateral fringes absent on fingers,toes with rudimentary webbing and narrow lateral fringes;flanks with small irregular black spots;iris bicolored,upper half copper,fading to silver in lower half.Uncorrected p-distances were greater than 4.7%between Leptobrachella damingshanensis sp.nov.and all homologous DNA sequences available for the 16S rRNA gene.The new species is only known to occur in the Damingshan National Nature Reserve,where it inhabits montane evergreen forests between 1000–1200 m a.s.l.
基金supported by the Program of Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China(No.22S21902900).
文摘Exosomes are a kind of nanoscale membrane vesicles that can be secreted by many types of cells in both normal and pathological states and play a very important role in intercellular information exchange and transmission by transporting proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biologically active substances to act on the receptor cells. Recent studies have shown that exosomes from some plants, animals, microorganisms, and other food sources can also be extracted like the structure of exosomes secreted by mammalian cells, which are named food-derived exosomes (FDEs) and can be absorbed by intestinal cells and further transported to other organs through blood circulation. With the advantages of high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, low toxicity, high cargo capacity, and the ability to cross biological barriers, FDEs can be involved in a variety of applications such as immune response, cell migration, and tumor invasion, and have attracted a lot of attention as biotherapeutic agents and drug delivery carriers in the treatment of human diseases. This article reviews the classification, preparation characterization, physiological processes in the human body, biological functions, and application prospects of FDEs. It aims to provide a reference for the research and application of FDEs in disease treatment.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81322053)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-11-1054)+1 种基金the"Shu Guang"Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation(No.13SG43)the State Major Science and Technology Special Projects during the 12th Five-Year Plan(No.2012ZX09505001-002),China
文摘Chlorogenic acid（CGA）, a polyphenolic compound, is abundant in fruits, dietary vegetables, and some medicinal herbs. This study investigated the prevention of CGA against acetaminophen（AP）-induced hepatotoxicity and its engaged mechanisms. CGA reversed the decreased cell viability induced by AP in L-02 cells in vitro. In addition, CGA reduced the AP-induced increased serum levels of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase（ALT/AST） in vivo. The effect of CGA on cytochrome P450（CYP） enzymatic（CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4） activities showed that CGA caused very little inhibition on CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymatic activities, but not CYP3A4. The measurement of liver malondialdehyde（MDA）, reactive oxygen species（ROS）, and glutathione（GSH） levels showed that CGA prevented AP-induced liver oxidative stress injury. Further, CGA increased the AP-induced decreased m RNA expression of peroxiredoxin（Prx） 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, epoxide hydrolase（Ephx） 2, and polymerase（RNA） II（DNA directed） polypeptide K（Polr2k）, and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2（Nrf2）. In summary, CGA ameliorates the AP-induced liver injury probably by slightly inhibiting CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymatic properties. In addition, cellular important antioxidant signals such as Prx1, 2, 3, 5, 6, Ephx2, Polr2 k, and Nrf2 also contributed to the protection of CGA against AP-induced oxidative stress injury.
基金supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC31030047)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2011CB915402,to Q. Xie)
文摘Abiotic stresses often disrupt protein folding and induce endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress. There is a sophisticated ER quality control （ERQC） system to mitigate the effects of malfunctioning proteins and maintain ER homeostasis. The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER activates the unfolded protein response （UPR） to enhance ER protein folding and the degradation of misfolded proteins mediate by ER- associated degradation （ERAD）. That ERQC reduces abiotic stress damage has been well studied in mammals and yeast. However, in plants, both ERAD and UPR have been studied separately and found to be critical for plant abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, we discovered that UPR-associated transcription factors AtbZlP17, AtbZIP28 and AtbZIP60 responded to tunicamycin （TM） and NaCl induced ER stress and subsequently enhanced Arabidopsis thaliana abiotic stress tolerance. They regulated the expression level of ER chaperones and the HRD1-complex components. Moreover, overexpression of AtbZIP17, AtbZIP28 and AtbZIP60 could restore stress tolerance via ERAD in the HRD1-complex mutant hrd3a-2, which suggested that UPR and ERAD have an interactive mechanism in Arabidopsts.
文摘Research interest in pneumatic conveying technologies in processes such as peanut harvesting and shelling has grown rapidly in recent years.However,the use of pneumatic conveyors in this application suffers from high pod damage rates and duct obstruction.To address these issues,we analyzed the critical speed of pneumatic transport for conveying the peanut pods and measured the angle of friction and coefficient of restitution of peanut pods on a variety of material surfaces.Based on the results of these tests,optimizations and improvements were made to the separator bowl,air supply duct,and conveying duct.A pneumatic conveying experiment was then performed using peanut pods.In the factorial experiment,it was found that increases in fan speed increase the pod damage rate and transport efficiency,while increases in the thickness of the cushioning/anti-obstruction layer decrease the rate of pod damage and transport efficiency.Pod damage rates were significantly affected by fan speed,the thickness of the cushioning/obstruction prevention layer,and interaction between these factors,while transport efficiency was only significantly affected by fan speed.It is proved by the machine verification test,the optimal parameters for the pneumatic transport of Baisha peanut pods with a moisture content of 7.24%was a fan speed of 2700 r/min and a cushioning/anti-obstruction layer thickness of 6 mm.A pod damage rate of 5.19%and transport efficiency of 92.03%were achieved using these parameters,which are sufficient for meeting the requirements of industrial applications.
基金supported by the Special Expenses for Basic Scientific Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.S201937)New Equipment and New Technology Research,Development and Promotion Project of Jiangsu Province Agricultural Machinery(Grant No.SZ120180032).
文摘To obtain the optimal operation parameters of fixed-bed reversing ventilation drying of peanuts,a set of partial differential equations indicating the heat and mass transfer relationships between the peanut pods and air during drying was proposed.Then,a series of discretized models were established for simulation,and the time consumed,unevenness,and energy consumption for batch drying were calculated.The results showed that reversing ventilation and segmented drying was helpful to these issues for high drying ability.The optimal operation parameters were determined by uniform design experimentation of mathematical simulation.The result showed that when the moisture content(wet basis)was above 22%,a ventilation velocity of 0.46 m/s was optimal;when the moisture content was between 8%and 22%,a ventilation velocity of 0.20 m/s was optimal.Using the optimal parameters,the computer simulating result was compared with the experimental results.The correlation coefficients between the simulating and the experimental values for the temperature and moisture content were all above 0.98 and the quality of dried peanuts was close to that of natural sun-dried ones,which indicates that the optimization results of the drying parameters are highly reliable.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan (Grant No. 2021YFB2801800)。
文摘Quantum computing is an emerging technology that is expected to realize an exponential increase in computing power. Recently,its theoretical foundation and application scenarios have been extensively researched and explored. In this work, we propose efficient quantum algorithms suitable for solving computing power scheduling problems in the cloud-rendering domain, which can be viewed mathematically as a generalized form of a typical NP-complete problem, i.e., a multiway number partitioning problem.In our algorithm, the matching pattern between tasks and computing resources with the shortest completion time or optimal load balancing is encoded into the ground state of the Hamiltonian;it is then solved using the optical coherent Ising machine, a practical quantum computing device with at least 100 qubits. The experimental results show that the proposed quantum scheme can achieve significant acceleration and save 97% of the time required to solve combinatorial optimization problems compared with classical algorithms. This demonstrates the computational advantages of optical quantum devices in solving combinatorial optimization problems. Our algorithmic and experimental work will advance the utilization of quantum computers to solve specific NP problems and will broaden the range of possible applications.
