Phase-field simulations of the effect of temperature and interface for zirconiumδ-hydrides

Hydride precipitation in zirconium cladding materials can damage their integrity and durability.Service temperature and material defects have a significant effect on the dynamic growth of hydrides.In this study,we have developed a phasefield model based on the assumption of elastic behaviour within a specific temperature range(613 K-653 K).This model allows us to study the influence of temperature and interfacial effects on the morphology,stress,and average growth rate of zirconium hydride.The results suggest that changes in temperature and interfacial energy influence the length-to-thickness ratio and average growth rate of the hydride morphology.The ultimate determinant of hydride orientation is the loss of interfacial coherency,primarily induced by interfacial dislocation defects and quantifiable by the mismatch degree q.An escalation in interfacial coherency loss leads to a transition of hydride growth from horizontal to vertical,accompanied by the onset of redirection behaviour.Interestingly,redirection occurs at a critical mismatch level,denoted as qc,and remains unaffected by variations in temperature and interfacial energy.However,this redirection leads to an increase in the maximum stress,which may influence the direction of hydride crack propagation.This research highlights the importance of interfacial coherency and provides valuable insights into the morphology and growth kinetics of hydrides in zirconium alloys.

儿童难治性食管狭窄应用全覆膜支架治疗的并发症及处理对策

目的探讨应用镍钛合金全覆膜食管支架治疗儿童难治性食管狭窄的并发症及处理对策。方法回顾性分析2009年5月-2016年12月于该院应用镍钛合金网格编织型的覆膜支架治疗9例难治性食管狭窄患儿的临床资料,支架置入术后定期随访,观察患儿支架置入后的效果及并发症等。结果 9例患儿均成功行支架置入术,所有患儿置入后狭窄梗阻症状均得到明显缓解;术后1~7 d所有患儿均有呕吐及不同程度的胸痛症状;1例患儿置入后因哭闹不安不能忍受于术后36 h取出支架;2例于支架取出3个月后出现再狭窄,其中1例并发肉芽组织增生;1例食管穿孔患儿支架置入术1周出现支架移位贴壁不良,原支架取出后重置新支架,2个月后再行支架取出,瘘口愈合。结论镍钛合金全覆膜金属支架治疗儿童难治性良性食管狭窄安全有效,但与支架置入相关的并发症不容忽视,支架个体化设计与并发症的及时处理对提高临床疗效至关重要。

改良线袢法Latarjet技术治疗肩关节复发性脱位的中期疗效及移植骨块塑形模式分析

目的线袢法固定Latarjet手术效果好,但无中长期疗效的报道。该研究首次报道线袢法Latarjet术后中期效果。方法回顾改良线袢法Latarjet手术患者152例,术后随访观察关节活动度、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Rowe评分、Walch-Duplay评分和美国肩肘外科评分(ASES)。通过X片和CT扫描评估骨块位置、愈合情况及肩关节退变情况。结果术后平均随访(35.3±5.8)个月,所有患者肩关节恢复良好、骨块完全愈合,无复发。术后VAS、Rowe、ASES和Walch-Duplay评分明显改善。术后三维CT扫描En-face位显示,骨块中心平均位于约4点钟位置。146例骨块正常,2例过高,4例骨块过低。术后即刻CT横断面观察,移位骨块与关节盂相平134例,偏外16例,偏内2例。喙突移位骨块出现了不同程度的骨吸收现象,术后平均1年内达到稳定,呈"圆外吸收"现象。全部移植骨块的骨质存在向上、下延伸爬行塑形现象。术后并发症发生率仅为1.3%,全部病例未出现肩关节退变情况。结论线袢固定Latarjet中期疗效好,可有效避免关节盂退变的并发症,移植骨块随访过程中呈"圆外吸收"特点,塑形呈延伸爬行现象,最终关节盂与骨块融合塑形成正梨形关节盂。

灯盏花素通过调节Bcl-2和Bax表达拮抗高糖诱导的RPE细胞损伤

目的:探讨灯盏花素对高糖环境下人视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞氧化应激的影响。方法:常规培养RPE细胞,分为对照组(葡萄糖浓度为5.5mmol/L)、高糖组(葡萄糖浓度为30mmol/L)、灯盏花素低浓度组(30mmol/L葡萄糖+1μmol/L灯盏花素)和灯盏花素高浓度组(30mmol/L葡萄糖+10μmol/L灯盏花素)。细胞划痕实验观察RPE细胞的迁移性,CCK-8法检测细胞活性,流式细胞术检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平变化,Hoechst染色法观察凋亡细胞比例,Western blot分析各组Bcl-2和Bax的变化。结果:细胞划痕实验结果显示,灯盏花素低浓度组和灯盏花素高浓度组RPE细胞形态较高糖组改善,细胞迁移性较高糖组增加;CCK-8结果显示,用1、10μmol/L浓度的灯盏花素处理后,RPE细胞存活率分别提高到61.06%±5.59%和79.81%±7.04%,与高糖组(40.63%±4.72%)比较有差异(P<0.05);2’,7’-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酸酯(H2DCFDA)荧光探针染色结果显示,灯盏花素抑制了RPE细胞内ROS水平;Hoechst染色法显示,1、10μmol/L灯盏花素处理后发生凋亡的RPE细胞数量逐渐减少;Western blot结果显示,灯盏花素增强了Bcl-2蛋白的表达,降低了Bax蛋白的表达。结论:灯盏花素可以抑制高糖诱导的RPE细胞氧化损伤和凋亡的发生,为糖尿病视网膜病变的治疗靶点研究提供了理论支持。

Consensus on the digestive endoscopic tunnel technique

With the digestive endoscopic tunnel technique(DETT), many diseases that previously would have been treated by surgery are now endoscopically curable by establishing a submucosal tunnel between the mucosa and muscularis propria(MP). Through the tunnel, endoscopic diagnosis or treatment is performed for lesions in the mucosa, in the MP, and even outside the gastrointestinal(GI) tract.At present, the tunnel technique application range covers the following:(1)Treatment of lesions originating from the mucosal layer, e.g., endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection for oesophageal large or circular early-stage cancer or precancerosis;(2) treatment of lesions from the MP layer, per-oral endoscopic myotomy, submucosal tunnelling endoscopic resection, etc.; and(3) diagnosis and treatment of lesions outside the GI tract, such as resection of lymph nodes and benign tumour excision in the mediastinum or abdominal cavity. With the increasing number of DETTs performed worldwide, endoscopic tunnel therapeutics, which is based on DETT, has been gradually developed and optimized. However, there is not yet an expert consensus on DETT to regulate its indications, contraindications, surgical procedure, and postoperative treatment.The International DETT Alliance signed up this consensus to standardize the procedures of DETT. In this consensus, we describe the definition, mechanism,and significance of DETT, prevention of infection and concepts of DETTassociated complications, methods to establish a submucosal tunnel, and application of DETT for lesions in the mucosa, in the MP and outside the GI tract(indications and contraindications, procedures, pre-and postoperative treatments, effectiveness, complications and treatments, and a comparison between DETT and other operations).

Effect of NHE1 antisense gene transfection on the biological behavior of SGC-7901 human gastric carcinoma cells

AIM: To study the effect of type 1 Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1 ) antisense human gene transfection on the biological behavior of gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901. METHODS: Antisense NHE1 eukaryotic expression on vector pcDNA3.1 was constructed by recombinant DNA technique and transfected into gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901 with DOTAP liposome transfection method. Morphological changes of cells were observed with optic and electron microscopes. Changes in cell proliferative capacity, apoptosis, intracellular pH (pHi), cell cycle, clone formation in two-layer soft agar, and tumorigenicity in nude mice were examined. RESULTS: Antisense eukaryotic expressing vectors were successfully constructed and transfected into SGC-7901. The transfectant obtained named 7901 -antisense (7901-AS) stablely produced antisense NHE1. There was a significant difference between the pHi of 7901-AS cells (6.77 ± 0.05) and that of 7901-zeo cells and SGC-7901 cells (7.24 ± 0.03 and 7.26 ± 0.03, P < 0.01). Compared with SGC-7901 and 7901-zeo cells, 7901-AS cells mostly showed cell proliferation inhibition, G1/G0 phase arrest, increased cell apoptotic rate, recovery of contact inhibition, and density contact. The tumorigenicity in nude mice and cloning efficiency in the two-layer soft agar were clearly inhibited. CONCLUSION: NHE1 antisense gene significantly restrains the malignant behavior of human gastric carcinoma cells, suppresses cell growth and induces cell apoptosis, and partially reverses the malignant phenotypes of SGC-7901 . These results suggest a potential role for human tumor gene therapy.

Diagnostic value of high-resolution micro-endoscopy for theclassification of colon polyps

AIM: To study a new imaging equipment, highresolution micro-endoscopy(HRME), in the diagnosis and pathological classification of colon polyps.METHODS: We selected 114 specimens of colon polyps, 30 of which were colon polyps with known pathological types and 84 that were prospective polyp specimens; 10 normal colon mucosa specimens served as controls. We obtained images of 30 colon polyp specimens with known pathological types using HRME and analyzed the characteristics of these images to develop HRME diagnostic criteria for different pathological types of colon polyps. Based on these criteria, we performed a prospective study of 84 colon polyp specimens using HRME and compared the results with those of the pathological examination to evaluate the diagnostic value of HRME in the pathological classification of different types of colon polyps. RESULTS: In the 30 cases of known pathological type of colon polyp samples, there were 21 cases of adenomatous polyps, which comprised nine cases of tubular adenoma, seven cases of villous adenoma and five cases of mixed adenomas. The nine cases of non-adenomatous polyps included four cases of inflammatory polyps and five cases of hyperplastic polyps five. Ten cases of normal colonic mucosa were confirmed pathologically. In a prospective study of 84 cases using HRME, 23 cases were diagnosed as inflammatory polyps, 11 cases as hyperplastic polyps, 18 cases as tubular adenoma, eight cases as villous adenoma and 24 cases as mixed adenomas. After pathological examination, 24 cases were diagnosed as inflammatory polyps, 11 cases as hyperplastic polyps, 19 cases as tubular adenoma, eight cases as villous adenoma and 22 cases as mixed adenomas. Compared with the pathological examinations, the sensitivities, specificities, accuracies, and positive and negative predictive values of HRME in diagnosing inflammatory polyps(87.5%, 96.7%, 94.0%, 91.3% and 95.1%), hyperplastic polyps(72.7%, 95.9%, 92.9%, 72.7% and 95.9%), tubular adenomas(73.7%, 93.8%, 89.3%, 77.8% and 92.4%), villous adenomas(75.0%, 97.4%, 95.2%, 75.0% and 97.4%), and mixed adenomas(75.0%, 93.3%, 88.1%, 81.8% and 90.3%) were relatively high.CONCLUSION: HRME has a relatively high diagnostic value in the pathological classification of colon polyps. Thus, it may be an alternative to confocal microendoscopy in lower-resource or community-based settings.

Investigation of the effect of military stress on the prevalence of functional bowel disorders

AIM: To investigate the morbidity of functional bowel disorders (FBD) under military stress conditions in order to lay foundations for the prevention and treatment of this disease. METHODS: Four hundred and fifty-seven soldiers who were assigned to specified services and 471 soldiers who were assigned to routine services were enrolled using cluster sampling, with the latter as a control group. They were surveyed using the Rome Ⅲ FBD standard questionnaire. The FBD symptom question-naire included FBD-related symptoms, severity, dura- tion or attack time, and accompanying symptoms. RESULTS: The morbidity of the military stress group (14.6%) was significantly higher than in the control group (9.98%) ( 2 = 4.585, P < 0.05). The incidence of smoking, abdominal pain and acid regurgitation ( 2 = 4.761, P < 0.05) as well as the ZUNG anxiety/depression scores ( 2 = 7.982, P < 0.01) were also sig- nificantly higher in the military stress group compared with the control group. ZUNG anxiety ( 2 = 11.523, P < 0.01) and depression ( 2 = 5.149, P < 0.05) scores were higher in the FBD group compared with the non-FBD group. The differences in the ZUNG self-rated anxiety and depression scales between the 2 groups were statistically significant ( 2 = 14.482, P < 0.01 and 2 = 6.176, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The morbidity of FBD was higher under military stress conditions.

Effect of Helicobacterpyloriinfection on Bax protein expression in patients with gastric precancerous lesions

AIM： To investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori （H pylon） infection on Bax protein expression, and explore the role of Hpyloriin gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS： Hpyloriwas assessed by rapid urease test and Warthin-Starry method, and expression of Bax protein was examined immunohistochemically in 72 patients with pre-malignant lesions. RESULTS： Bax protein was differently expressed in intestinal metaplasia and gastric dysplasia, and showed 63.99% positivity. The positivity of Bax protein expression in Hpylori-positive gastric precancerous lesions （72.3%） was significantly higher than that in H pylori-negative gastric precancerous lesions （48.0%, x^2= 4.191, P〈0.05）. Hpyloriinfection was well correlated with the expression of Bax protein in gastric precancerous lesions （r= 0.978, P〈0.01）. After eradication of H pylori, the positivity of Bax protein expression significantly decreased in Hpylori-positive gastric precancerous lesions （x^2 = 5.506, P〈0.05）. In the persisting H pylori-infected patients, the positivity of Bax protein expression was not changed. CONCLUSION： H pyloriinfection may be involved in the upregulation of Bax gene, which might be one of the mechanisms of Hpyloriinfection-induced gastric epithelial cell apoptosis. Hpylorimight act as a tumor promoter in the genesis of gastric carcinoma and eradication of Hpylori could inhibit gastric carcinogenesis.

Safety of fecal microbiota transplantation in Chinese children: A single-center retrospective study

BACKGROUND Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) is the administration of fecal bacterial liquid from healthy donors to a recipient's digestive tract, which is recommended as a therapeutic method for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection(CDI). Many clinical trials focusing on different diseases are in progress. To date, scarce research and long-term follow-up have been conducted on FMT in children or on the proper guidelines. Our center first performed FMT to treat a 13-month-old boy with severe CDI in 2013. Until February 2018, our center had performed 114 pediatric FMT procedures in 49 subjects. AIM To investigate the safety of FMT in children. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 49 patientswho underwent 114 FMT treatments at our hospital. All FMT processes followed uniform standards. Adverse events(AEs) related to FMT were divided into shortterm(48 h post-FMT) and long-term(3 mo). All potential influencing factors for AEs, such as gender, age, time of FMT infusion, route of administration, disease type, immune function state, and donor relative genetic background, were analyzed as independent factors. The significant independent factors and risk ratio with 95% confidence interval(CI) were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Forty-nine patients(mean age 68.1 mo, range 4 to 193 mo) were recruited. Their average follow-up time after the first FMT was 23.1 mo. The incidence of short-term AEs was 26.32%(30/114). The most common shortterm AEs were abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, and vomiting, which were all self-limited and symptom-free within 48 h. Two severe AEs occurred, and one patient died in the fourth week after FMT. All-cause mortality was 2.04%. As independent factors, age(P = 0.006) and immune state(P = 0.002) had significant effects. Age greater than 72 mo seemed to be correlated with more AEs than age 13 to 36 mo(P = 0.04). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, immune state was an independent risk factor for AE occurrence(P = 0.035), and the risk ratio in immunodeficient patients was 3.105(95%CI: 1.080-8.923).CONCLUSION Although FMT was proven to be tolerated in children, we need to be more cautious with immunodeficient patients. The effect on children's long-term health is unpredictable.

Hemolymphangioma with multiple hemangiomas in liver of elderly woman with history of gynecological malignancy: A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatic hemolymphangioma is an extremely rare benign congenital malformation composed of cystically dilated lymphatic and blood vessels,and they have nonspecific clinical symptoms and laboratory results.In this study,hepatic hemolymphangioma with multiple hemangiomas in an elderly woman was initially reported and analyzed.CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old female patient,with a history of hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy,was referred to the hepatobiliary surgery department with the complaint of multiple hepatic hemangiomas that had been diagnosed 2 years prior in a preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)examination.Upon entering our hospital,no abnormal physical examination and laboratory data were found.The latest CECT revealed a new 7.0 cm×6.2 cm cystic-solid lesion with multiple internal divisions in segment II of the liver,with delayed CECT enhancement characteristics that presented as solid parts with internal division.On the positron emission tomography(PET)/CT,no significant uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucse was observed.Finally,hepatic hemolymphangioma was confirmed based on the pathological and immunohistochemical results after surgery.At 1-year follow-up,her posthepatectomy evaluation was uneventful,and she had recovered full activity.In addition,no postoperative recurrent or residual lesion was found on CECT imaging.CONCLUSION Hepatic hemolymphangioma with multiple hemangiomas was reported and observed by CECT and PET/CT imaging.

Minimal Context-Switching Data Race Detection with Dataflow Tracking

Data race is one of the most important concurrent anomalies in multi-threaded programs.Emerging con-straint-based techniques are leveraged into race detection,which is able to find all the races that can be found by any oth-er sound race detector.However,this constraint-based approach has serious limitations on helping programmers analyze and understand data races.First,it may report a large number of false positives due to the unrecognized dataflow propa-gation of the program.Second,it recommends a wide range of thread context switches to schedule the reported race(in-cluding the false one)whenever this race is exposed during the constraint-solving process.This ad hoc recommendation imposes too many context switches,which complicates the data race analysis.To address these two limitations in the state-of-the-art constraint-based race detection,this paper proposes DFTracker,an improved constraint-based race detec-tor to recommend each data race with minimal thread context switches.Specifically,we reduce the false positives by ana-lyzing and tracking the dataflow in the program.By this means,DFTracker thus reduces the unnecessary analysis of false race schedules.We further propose a novel algorithm to recommend an effective race schedule with minimal thread con-text switches for each data race.Our experimental results on the real applications demonstrate that 1)without removing any true data race,DFTracker effectively prunes false positives by 68%in comparison with the state-of-the-art constraint-based race detector;2)DFTracker recommends as low as 2.6-8.3(4.7 on average)thread context switches per data race in the real world,which is 81.6%fewer context switches per data race than the state-of-the-art constraint based race detec-tor.Therefore,DFTracker can be used as an effective tool to understand the data race for programmers.

BENCHIP： Benchmarking Intelligence Processors

The increasing attention on deep learning has tremendously spurred the design of intelligence processing hardware. The variety of emerging intelligence processors requires standard benchmarks for fair comparison and system optimization （in both software and hardware）. However, existing benchmarks are unsuitable for benchmarking intelligence processors due to their non-diversity and nonrepresentativeness. Also, the lack of a standard benchmarking methodology further exacerbates this problem. In this paper, we propose BENCHIP, a benchmark suite and benchmarking methodology for intelligence processors. The benchmark suite in BENCHIP consists of two sets of benchmarks： microbenchmarks and macrobenchmarks. The microbenchmarks consist of single-layer networks, They are mainly designed for bottleneck analysis and system optimization. The macrobenchmarks contain state-of-the-art industrial networks, so as to offer a realistic comparison of different platforms. We also propose a standard benchmarking methodology built upon an industrial software stack and evaluation metrics that comprehensively reflect various characteristics of the evaluated intelligence processors, BENCHIP is utilized for evaluating various hardware platforms, including CPUs, GPUs, and accelerators. BENCHIP will be open-sourced soon.

Value of multimodality imaging in diagnosing primary small cell carcinoma of breast

To the Editor: A 51-year-old woman presented with a palpable mass in the lower outer region of the left breast. There was no history of skin redness or nipple discharge. Craniocaudal mammography [Figure 1A] showed a circular homogenous mass with well-defined margins and without calcification located in the posterior region of the left breast. Ultrasonography (US)[Figure IB] of the left breast demonstrated a heterogeneous, hypoechoic lesion with an accompanying peripheral blood flow signal.

Primary Hepatic Melanoma in a Child

To the Editor： A 12-year-old male patient was admitted to First Hospital of Lanzhou University with the complaint of right upper abdominal pain lasting for 2 years. He had no history ofhepatitis, vomiting, and weight loss during the past 2 years.

Ileocecal lavage fluid for gut microbiota investigation in children with gastrointestinal diseases

Introduction The ileocecal region is the end point of colonoscopy and comprises the junction of the ileum,cecum,and appendix.The ileocecal region has been reported as a common lesion site for various intestinal diseases(e.g.Crohn’s disease[1],intestinal tuberculosis[2],and primary colorectal lymphoma[3]).However,to date,there have been few studies on the intestinal microbiota of the ileocecal region,because the sampling is relatively difficult and with only a local biopsy it is difficult to represent the whole region without deviation.Compared with ileocecal mucosa sampling,the collection of ileocecal lavage fluid is easier to be accepted by patients and can avoid the interference of human genomic DNA in the process of bacterial genome sequencing.