Given the multiple terrorist attacks that have occurred in recent years in China, medical rescue teams and specialized incident assessment teams have been established by the government; however, medical rescue after n...Given the multiple terrorist attacks that have occurred in recent years in China, medical rescue teams and specialized incident assessment teams have been established by the government; however, medical rescue after nuclear, biological, and chemical incidents remains challenging and is often inefficient. In the present article, problems were analyzed regarding the assessment of responder countermeasures, training of professionals and the management of emergency medical incidents related to nuclear, biological and chemical attacks. Countermeasures, the establishment of response coordination, public education, practical training and exercise, and a professional consultant team or system should be the focus of emergency medical response facilities. Moreover, the government was offered professionals who are involved in managing nuclear, biological and chemical incidents.展开更多
Water splitting produces hydrogen(H2)as a green energy carrier,delivering new rooms for the usage of renewable but transient energy,such as solar and wind energy.The development is of fundamental significance to deal ...Water splitting produces hydrogen(H2)as a green energy carrier,delivering new rooms for the usage of renewable but transient energy,such as solar and wind energy.The development is of fundamental significance to deal with environmental issues and to build carbon-neutral society.Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in anode and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in cathode occur during the process.Both of these two half reactions involve the transfer of multiple electrons and protons and also the significant rearrangement of several atoms,leading to sluggish kinetics for these processes.Therefore,catalysts are required to accelerate these two reactions.Water-splitting catalysts can be divided into two branches,namely molecular and material catalysts.Molecular catalysts possess clear and systematically regulatable structures,which are favorable for mechanism and structure-function relationship investigations.Material catalysts with dense and high-exposure active sites,as well as great conductivity,are typically efficient and stable.More importantly,mutual learning between these two systems encourages further design of water-splitting catalysts,like rational regulation of active site electronic structures for material catalysts,and immobilization of molecular catalysts.These key scientific challenges for large-scale applications of water splitting technology motivate us to organize the special issue of“water splitting,from molecular to material”.The issue contains 16 papers,including 9 articles,2 communications and 5 reviews,which cover main frontiers and most of research aspects of water splitting catalysis.A brief description is delivered below,serving as an outline favorable for further reading.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Practical Research of General Logistics Department, Chinese PLA (No. 13BJYZ52)
文摘Given the multiple terrorist attacks that have occurred in recent years in China, medical rescue teams and specialized incident assessment teams have been established by the government; however, medical rescue after nuclear, biological, and chemical incidents remains challenging and is often inefficient. In the present article, problems were analyzed regarding the assessment of responder countermeasures, training of professionals and the management of emergency medical incidents related to nuclear, biological and chemical attacks. Countermeasures, the establishment of response coordination, public education, practical training and exercise, and a professional consultant team or system should be the focus of emergency medical response facilities. Moreover, the government was offered professionals who are involved in managing nuclear, biological and chemical incidents.
文摘Water splitting produces hydrogen(H2)as a green energy carrier,delivering new rooms for the usage of renewable but transient energy,such as solar and wind energy.The development is of fundamental significance to deal with environmental issues and to build carbon-neutral society.Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in anode and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in cathode occur during the process.Both of these two half reactions involve the transfer of multiple electrons and protons and also the significant rearrangement of several atoms,leading to sluggish kinetics for these processes.Therefore,catalysts are required to accelerate these two reactions.Water-splitting catalysts can be divided into two branches,namely molecular and material catalysts.Molecular catalysts possess clear and systematically regulatable structures,which are favorable for mechanism and structure-function relationship investigations.Material catalysts with dense and high-exposure active sites,as well as great conductivity,are typically efficient and stable.More importantly,mutual learning between these two systems encourages further design of water-splitting catalysts,like rational regulation of active site electronic structures for material catalysts,and immobilization of molecular catalysts.These key scientific challenges for large-scale applications of water splitting technology motivate us to organize the special issue of“water splitting,from molecular to material”.The issue contains 16 papers,including 9 articles,2 communications and 5 reviews,which cover main frontiers and most of research aspects of water splitting catalysis.A brief description is delivered below,serving as an outline favorable for further reading.
