Recent progress on non-thermal plasma technology for high barrier layer fabrication

This review describes the application of non-thermal plasma（NTP） technology for high barrier layer fabrication in packaging area.NTP technology is considered to be the most prospective approaches for the barrier layer fabrication over the past decades due to unpollution,high speed,low-costing.The applications of NTP technology have achieved numerous exciting results in high barrier packaging area.Now it seemly demands a detailed review to summarize the past works and direct the future developments.This review focuses on the different NTP resources applied in the high barrier area,the role of plasma surface modification on packaging film surface properties,and the deposition of different barrier coatings based on NTP technology.In particular,this review emphasizes the cutting-edge technologies of NTP on interlayer deposition with organic,inorganic for multilayer barriers fabrication.The future prospects of NTP technology in high barrier film areas are also described.

Characteristics of inductively coupled plasma(ICP)and helicon plasma in a single-loop antenna

Large area uniform plasma sources,such as high-density magnetized inductively coupled plasma(ICP)and helicon plasma,have broad applications in industry.A comprehensive comparison of ICP and helicon plasma,excited by a single-loop antenna,is presented in this paper from the perspectives of mode transition,hysteresis behavior,and density distribution.The E-H mode transition in ICP and the E-H-W mode transition in helicon plasma are clearly observed in the experiments.Besides,the considerable variation of hysteresis behavior from inverse hysteresis to normal hysteresis by the influence of the magnetic field is explored.The bi-Maxwellian and Maxwellian electron energy distribution functions in each discharge are used to explain this phenomenon,which is essentially related to the transition from a nonlocal kinetic property to a local kinetic property of electrons.In addition,we notice that the plasma density,in the radial direction,is peaked in the center of the tube in ICP,but a complicated distribution is formed in helicon plasma.In the axial direction,the maximum plasma density is still in the center of the antenna in ICP,whereas the highest plasma density is located downstream,far away from the antenna,in helicon plasma.It is believed that the reflected electrons in the sheath and pre-sheath by the upper metallic endplate and downstream propagated helicon wave will be responsible for this plasma density profile in helicon plasma.Due to the constrained electron motion in the magnetic field,an extremely uniform density distribution will be obtained with an appropriate axial magnetic field in the wave discharge mode.

R11 peptides can promote the molecular imaging of spherical nucleic acids for bladder cancer margin identification

One of the critical problems in bladder cancer(BC)management is the local recurrence of disease.However,achieving the accurate delineation of tumor margins intraoperatively remains extremely difficult due to the lack of effective tumor margin recognition technology.Herein,survivin molecular beacon(MB)and R11 peptide-linked spherical nucleic acids(SNAs)were synthesized as nanoprobes(AuNP-MB@R11)for sensitive detection of BC margins.Physicochemical properties proved that R11 peptides and survivin MB were successfully loaded onto the surface of SNAs.AuNP-MB@R11 had good stability against nuclease activity and high sensitivity and specificity to detect survivin single strand DNA(ssDNA)in vitro.According to cytology,R11 peptides could increase the BC targeting ability and membrane penetrability of SNAs.Notably,R11 peptides significantly promoted the disintegration of lysosomes and the release of SNAs to enhance fluorescence imaging quality.Further RNA sequencing proved that some genes and pathways related to endocytosis and lysosomes were significantly regulated,such as AGPAT5,GPD1L,and GRB2.In orthotopic BC models and a clinical sample from a patient with BC,AuNP-MB@R11 showed a more legible cancerous fluorescence margin and offered remarkably improved detection compared to those achieved by SNAs.R11 peptide-linked SNAs present promising potential to identify BC margin,which may help to improve the R0 resection rate in surgery and improve patients’quality of life.

Controllable Synthesis of Well-aligned ZnO Nanorod Arrays on Varying Substrates via Rapid Electrodeposition

A facile and rapid electrodeposition route was developed to controllably synthesize well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays on diverse substrates, such as seed-layer pre-formed, pristine indium tin oxide （ITO） and Si, using Zn（NO3）2·6H2O and hexamethylenetetramine （HMT） as the precursors. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） results indicated that seed-layer pre-modified of ZnO nanorod arrays （ZNRs） possessed single crystalline, a wurtzite crystal structure with preferential growth orientation along [0001] direction. The ZNRs on pre-modified ZnO seed-layer （ZSL） had diameters of 30-50 nm, and aligned vertically to the substrates. ZNRs on ZSL/ITO substrate exhibited a high transmittance （above 80%） in visible wavelength range and the red-shift of band gap energy. An electrochemical reaction model was proposed to explain the growth process of ZnO nanorods. Importantly, the rapid synthesis of ZNRs provided the feasibility of preparation of SERS （surface enhanced Raman scattering） nanocomposite within shorter time by a subsequent electrochemical etching.