Fractional Order Modeling of Human Operator Behavior with Second Order Controlled Plant and Experiment Research

Modeling human operator's dynamics plays a very important role in the manual closed-loop control system, and it is an active research area for several decades. Based on the characteristics of human brain and behavior, a new kind of fractional order mathematical model for human operator in single-input single-output (SISO) systems is proposed. Compared with the traditional models based on the commonly used quasilinear transfer function method or the optimal control theory method, the proposed fractional order model has simpler structure with only few parameters, and each parameter has explicit physical meanings. The actual data and experiment results with the second-order controlled plant illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Evaluation of multi-cycle performance of chemical looping dry reforming using CO_2 as an oxidant with Fe–Ni bimetallic oxides

Chemical looping dry reforming（CLDR） is an innovative technology for CO2 utilization using the chemical looping principle.The CLDR process consists of three stages,i.e.CH4 reduction,CO2 reforming,and air oxidation.Spinel nickel ferrite（NiFe2O4） was prepared and its multi-cycle performance as an oxygen carrier for CLDR was experimentally investigated.X-ray diffraction（XRD） and Laser Raman spectroscopy showed that a pure spinel crystalline phase（NiFe2O4） was obtained by a parallel flow co-precipitating method.NiFe2O4was reduced into Fe-Ni alloy and wustite（FexO） during the CH4 reduction process.Subsequent oxidation of the reduced oxygen carrier was performed with CO2 as an oxidant to form an intermediate state：a mixture of spinel Ni（1-x）Fe（2＋x）O4,Fe（2＋y）O4 and metallic Ni.And CO was generated in parallel during this stage.Approximate 185 mL of CO was generated for 1 g spinel NiFe2O4 in a single cycle.The intermediate oxygen carrier was fully oxidized in the air oxidation stage to form a mixture of Ni（1＋x）Fe（2-x）O4 and Fe2O3.Although the original state of oxygen carrier（NiFe2O4） was not fully regenerated and agglomeration was observed,a good recyclability was shown in 10 successive redox cycles.

Tennantite and Enargite Rejection in the Copper Flotation—A Mini-Review

With the development of arsenic removal technologies, biological method and sulfide method have been applied in industrial fields, other methods have also been applied in arsenic-containing copper flotation, including coagulation process, ion exchange method, direct precipitation method and so on. In the paper, a short review on the progress of arsenic removal technologies of copper flotation during the last decade is presented, and the importance and the trend of arsenic removal are discussed. The existing and possible strategies of improving copper recovery in porphyry copper ores and rejection of penalty elements such as Tennantite and Enargite in copper flotation concentrates are also presented.

Investigation of Model Ensemble for Fine-Grained Air Quality Prediction

Air pollution which is detrimental to people’s health is a wide spread problem across many countries around the world.Developing better air quality prediction approaches is an important research issue.Existing methods often focus on the prediction of air pollution concentrations,which is not as intuitive to the public as the air quality levels.In this paper,near future fine-grained air quality level prediction task is explored with a series of machine learning ensemble methods.Included ensemble methods are majority voting,averaging,weighted averaging and 16 different stacking tactics.To investigate the performances of these ensemble methods,comprehensive comparative experiments are conducted.Included contrast models are classical Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA),popular deep learning model Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural network,and nine of the base-level models such as Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),Logistic Regression(LR)and several boosting models.Datasets acquired from a coastal city Hong Kong and an inland city Beijing are used to train and validate all the models.Experiments show that performances of the ensemble methods outperform most of the individual models,especially when stacking with probability distributions together with engineered original features,which demonstrates the best performance.

Recent Technological Innovation for the New Generation of CRIST Sensors—A Practical Approach in China’s Largest Underground Nonferrous Mine

Located in Shangri-La county, Yunnan Province, China’s biggest underground nonferrous mine Pulang Copper Mine is under construction. To date, the defined copper reserves at the Pulang Copper Mine are 4.8 million tonnes of copper and an average grade of 0.34%. The mineralized zone is 2300 m long, 600 - 800 m wide, and 1000 m high in a dome shape. The first-stage mining and processing capacity is 12.5 million tonnes of ore per year. By geotechnical investigation, ore haulage is adopted via a drift and ore pass development system. From mineralogical analysis, a majority of the Pulang copper ore body is classified as a type III rock, which is generally considered to be suitable for block-caving methods. As an update to the traditional mine-to-mill approach, a cave-to-mill integrated production concept is then introduced. This is essentially the integration of underground mine production scheduling and monitoring with surface mineral processing management based on fragment size and geometallurgical ore characteristics. Several unique challenges experienced during the project design and construction, as well as a number of features aimed at mitigating these problems, are also discussed in this paper.

Establishment and Application of the TaqMan Real-Time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR Detection Assay for Koi Herpes Virus

[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish a rapid and effective quarantine method of Koi herpes virus. [ Method] Primers and corresponding TaqMan probe were designed based on the conserved sequence of Koi herpes virus （KHV） pol-ymerase gene （Sph） to establish a rapid and effective fluorescence quantitative PCR method for Koi herpes virus detection. The cell cultures were detected by using the established fluorescence quantitative PCR assay, and the results were com- pared with that of conventional PCR. [ Result] The sensitivity of fluorescence quantitative PCR was higher than that of conventional PCR. The minimum copy num- ber that could be detected was 1.6 - 102 copies/p.1. The established method was adopted for sample detection, and a reliable diagnostic result could be obtained within 4 h. [Conclusion] The established method is rapid, sensitive, specific and repeatable, which is conducive to the rapid detection of Koi herpes virus. Key words Koi herpes virus; Fluorescence quantitative PCR; Detection

The Preparation and Sintering Behavior of Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(2-d) Electrolyte and(NiO-CuO)/Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(2-d) Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

The co-pressing and co-firing processes are often used to prepare the anode-electrolyte half cells for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs).To get a half cell without cracks,the sintering behavior of electrolyte and anode layers must be controlled carefully.In this work,the sintering behavior

Better Oxygen Transport Properties and Chemical Stability of La_2NiO_4 Compared with Those of Sr-Fe Doped Lagao_3

Mixed conductors of oxygen ion and electron are important materials.They have been used as oxygen permeation membranes or electrodes of fuel cells.Doped LaGaO_3 and La_2Ni O_4 are both mixed conductors,but they have different crystal structures which will result in different

Ultrasonic Effect on Fabrication of Intercalated Mg Al-LDH/PVA Nanocomposite Via Exfoliation-adsorption Route

Preparation for Glycine-Mg/Al-Layered dou-ble hydroxide(LDH-G)/PVA nanocompositeswas carried out via exfoliation-adsorption routebased on exfoliation of LDH-G in formamide.Theeffect of ultrasonic treatment on the fabrication ofLDH-G/PVA nanocomposites was investigated,and the thermal stability of PVA containing the na-no-scale dispersed LDH-G was analyzed.The re-sults of XRD suggest that chains of PVA with

Simulation of coal char gasification using O_(2)/CO_(2)

The authors proposed an integrated gasification fuel cell zero-emission system.The coal char gasification is discussed using high temperature and concentration of CO_(2) produced by solid oxide fuel cells and oxy-fuel combustion.The gasification is simulated by Aspen plus based on Gibbs free energy minimization method.Gasification model of pulverized coal char is computed and analyzed.Effects of gas flow rate,pressure,preheating temperature,heat losses on syngas composition,reaction temperature,lower heating value and carbon conversion are studied.Results and parameters are determined as following.The optimum O_(2) flow rate is 20 kg/h.The reaction temperature decreases from 1645 to 1329℃when the CO_(2)flow rate increases from 0 to 5 kg/h,the CO_(2) flow rate should be operated reasonably;lower heating value reduces and reaction temperature increases as the pressure increases;compared to the CO_(2) preheating,O_(2) preheating has greater influence on reaction temperature and lower heating value.

Dysfunction of cognition patterns measured by MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery （MCCB） among first episode schizophrenia patients and their biological parents

背景:精神分裂症的临床表现为特征性的知觉、思维、情感和行为等障碍。认知障碍也是精神分裂症核心症状之一。20世纪70年代早期Gallhofer曾提出过,精神分裂症除有阳性或阴性症状,也存在认知障碍。许多研究表明,精神分裂症的一级亲属中存在遗传易感性。认知障碍不仅急性期存在,维持巩固期也会有。有研究还显示,精神分裂症健康的一级亲属亦存在认知缺陷。但对精神分裂症及其生物学父母的认知特征研究仍缺乏。本研究,我们假设精神分裂症及其生物学父母存在特定的认知功能障碍,拟采用认知功能成套测验共识版(MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery,MCCB)中文版,以探讨精神分裂症患者及其生物学父母的认知模式。目的:精神分裂症的认知特征可能受到其生物学父母认知模式的影响。研究旨在描绘精神分裂症患者与其父母之间的功能失调的认知模式。方法:采用认知功能成套测验共识版(MCCB,一种新的测量工具)评估29例首发精神分裂症(符合ICD-10精神分裂症诊断标准,年龄17-45岁),58例精神分裂症患者的生物学父母(年龄40-70岁)和46例健康对照(年龄40-70岁)的认知功能,以探讨精神分裂症患者及其生物学父母之间的认知功能障碍之间的关系。所有数据使用SPSS18.0统计软件进行分析。结果:1)男性精神分裂症患者与其父亲相比在MCCB认知功能测定的6个维度有明显认知缺陷(除社会认知功能外)。女性患者的工作记忆和问题推理能力都低于其母亲。2)患者父亲和健康对照组之间的工作记忆和推理问题也存在显著差异。3)与健康对照组相比,患者母亲在问题推理方面没有明显的差异,但视觉记忆有异常。结论:首发精神分裂症患者及其生物学父母在6个维度存在认知功能障碍。患者父母在工作记忆、问题推理和视觉记忆等方面也存在明显功能障碍。仍需深入研究以揭示首发精神分裂症及其生物学父母存在认知功能障碍的潜在机制。

Different oxidation routes for lattice oxygen recovery of double-perovskite type oxides LaSrFeCoO6 as oxygen carriers for chemical looping steam methane reforming

Double-perovskite type oxide LaSrFeCoO（LSFCO） was used as oxygen carrier for chemical looping steam methane reforming（CL-SMR） due to its unique structure and reactivity. Two different oxidation routes,steam-oxidation and steam-air-stepwise-oxidation, were applied to investigate the recovery behaviors of the lattice oxygen in the oxygen carrier. The characterizations of the oxide were determined by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction（H-TPR） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The fresh sample LSFCO exhibits a monocrystalline perovskite structure with cubic symmetry and high crystallinity, except for a little impurity phase due to the antisite defect of Fe/Co disorder. The deconvolution distribution of XPS patterns indicated that Co,and Fe are predominantly in an oxidized state(Feand Fe) and(Coand Co), while O 1s exists at three species of lattice oxygen, chemisorbed oxygen and physical adsorbed oxygen. The double perovskite structure and chemical composition recover to the original state after the steam and air oxidation, while the Co ion cannot incorporate into the double perovskite structure and thus form the CoO just via individual steam oxidation. In comparison to the two different oxidation routes, the sample obtained by steam-oxidation exhibits even higher CHconversion, CO and Hselectivity and stronger hydrogen generation capacity.

酸性条件下D311树脂对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附机制

为探究D311树脂在酸性条件下对重金属Cu(Ⅱ)的去除性能,通过吸附动力学模型(准一级动力学模型、准二级动力学模型、Elovich模型和颗粒内扩散模型)、吸附等温模型(Langmuir,Freundlich,Temkin,Redlich-Peterson和Koble-Corrigan)、吸附热力学模型和位点能量分布理论分析了D311树脂吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的机理。研究结果表明,D311树脂对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附在6 h内基本达到平衡,该吸附过程更为符合Elovich模型和Freundlich模型。在318 K时的最大Cu(Ⅱ)吸附量为74.98 mg/g,且热力学参数显示该吸附过程为吸热反应。从位点能量分布角度考察,在固定吸附能的条件下,位点分布函数大小顺序为318 K>308 K>298 K,也揭示了D311树脂吸附Cu(Ⅱ)为吸热过程。基于X射线光电子能谱和红外光谱数据分析,D311树脂对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附机制主要是化学沉淀和内层络合作用。

Thermodynamic Analysis and Synthesis Gas Generation by Chemical-Looping Gasification of Biomass with Nature Hematite as Oxygen Carriers

Thermodynamic parameters of chemical reactions in the system were carried out through thermodynamic analysis. According to the Gibbs free energy minimization principle of the system, equilibrium composition of the reactions of chemical-looping gasification (CLG) of biomass with natural hematite (Fe2O3) as oxygen carrier were analyzed using commercial software of HSC Chemistry 5.1. The feasibility of the CLG of biomass with hematite was experimental verified in a lab-scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor using argon as fluidizing gas. It was indicated the experimental results were consistent with the theoretical analysis. The presence of oxygen carrier gave a significant effect on the biomass conversion and improved the synthesis gas yield obviously. It was observed that the gas content of CO and H2 was over 70% in CLG of biomass. The reduced hematite particles mainly existed in form of FeO. It was showed that the reduction of natural hematite with biomass proceeds in a stepwise manner from Fe2O3 →Fe3O4→ FeO. Reduction product of natural hematite can be restored the lattice oxygen by oxidation with air.

Energy-Efficient Large-Scale Antenna Systems with Hybrid Digital-Analog Beamforming Structure

A largescale antenna system （LSAS） with digital beamforming is expected to significantly increase energy efficiency （EE） and spectral efficiency （SE） in a wireless communication system. However, there are many challenging issues related to calibration, energy consumption, and cost in implementing a digital beamforming structure in an LSAS. In a practical LSAS deployment, hybrid digitalanalog beamforming structures with active antennas can be used. In this paper, we investigate the optimal antenna configuration in an N ＆#215; M beamforming structure, where N is the number of transceivers, M is the number of active antennas per transceiver, where analog beamforming is introduced for individual transceivers and digital beamforming is introduced across all N transceivers. We analyze the green point, which is the point of maximum EE on the EESE curve, and show that the logscale EE scales linearly with SE along a slope of lg2/N. We investigate the effect of M on EE for a given SE value in the case of fixed NM and independent N and M. In both cases, there is a unique optimal M that results in optimal EE. In the case of independent N and M, there is no optimal （N, M） combination for optimizing EE. The results of numerical simulations are provided, and these results support our analysis.

In situ crosslinking of polyoxometalate-polymer nanocomposites for robust high-temperature proton exchange membranes

The most practical high-temperature proton exchange membranes(PEMs) are phosphoric acid(PA)-doped polymer electrolytes. However, due to the plasticizing effect of PA, it is a challenge to address the trade-off between the proton conductivity and the mechanical performance of these materials. Here,we report an effective strategy to fabricate robust high-temperature PEMs based on the in situ electrostatic crosslinking of polyoxometalates and polymers. A comb copolymer poly(ether-ether-ketone)-grafted-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)(PGE) with transformable side chains was synthesized and complexed with H_(3)PW_(12)O_(40)(PW) by electrostatic self-assembly, forming PGE/PW nanocomposite membranes with bicontinuous nanostructures. After a subsequent PA-treatment of these membranes, high-temperature PEMs of PGE/PW/PA ternary nanocomposites were obtained, in which the in situ electrostatic crosslinking effect between PW and PGE side chains was generated in the hydrophilic domains of the bicontinuous structures. The microphase separation structure and the electrostatic crosslinking feature endow the PGE/PW/PA membranes with excellent anhydrous proton conductive ability while retaining high mechanical performance. The membranes show a high proton conductivity of 42.5 m S/cm at 150 ℃ and a high tensile strength of 13 MPa. Our strategy can pave a new route based on electrostatic control to design nanostructured polymer electrolytes.

The Synthesis and Characterization of Sr-Y Doped BaCeO_3

Doped BaCeO_3 is a kind of proton conductor which exhibits high electrical conductivities at relatively low operating temperatures.It has been used as the electrolyte materials for proton ceramic fuel cells,and the effects of dopants on the sinter-ability and electrical performance are critical factors.

The Synthesis and Characterization of Sr-Cu-Fe Doped La_2NiO_4

Doped La_2NiO_4 are promising cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)which are environment friendly energy conversion devices.In this work,the synthesis of Sr,Fe and Cu doped La_2NiO_4 and the effects of dopants on phase formation during calcination and on

Constraints of palaeoenvironment on organic matter of Benxi Formation shale and discussion on enrichment mechanism under different facies

As a hydrocarbon-rich sedimentary basin in China,the Ordos Basin has enormous potential for shale gas resources.The shale of the Upper Carboniferous Benxi Formation is rich in organic matter,however,its palaeoenvironment and organic matter enrichment mode are yet to be revealed.In this study,the geochemical characteristics of the shale of the Benxi Formation in the east-central part of the Ordos Basin were analyzed to investigate its palaeoenvironment.At the same time,the organic matter enrichment modes in different sedimentary facies were compared and analyzed.The results indicate that:1)the shale of the Benxi Formation was mainly deposited on the continental margin and strong terrestrial clastic input;2)the deposition period of the Benxi Formation shale had a hot and humid climate with high palaeoproductivity and local volcanic hydrothermal fluid,and a high sedimentation rate with the strong stagnant environment.The bottom water was in dysoxic conditions and a semi-saline deposition environment;3)multiple factors,such as palaeoproductivity,volcanic hydrothermal,redox conditions,and palaeosalinity interact to influence the enrichment of shale organic matter in Benxi Formation;4)the organic matter enrichment modes of continental,marine-continental transitional,and marine shales can be classified into three types:“production mode”,“hybrid mode of preservation and production”,and“preservation mode”,respectively.This study provides a reference for the organic matter enrichment mode,shale gas formation conditions,and core area evaluation in these marine-continental transitional shales,and also offers new guidance for exploration ideas for shale gas in different sedimentary facies.