Simulated Indonesian Throughflow in Makassar Strait across the SODA3 products

The Indonesian Throughflow(ITF), which connects the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans, plays important roles in the inter-ocean water exchange and regional or even global climate variability. The Makassar Strait is the main inflow passage of the ITF, carrying about 77% of the total ITF volume transport. In this study, we analyze the simulated ITF in the Makassar Strait in the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation version 3(SODA3) datasets. A total of nine ensemble members of the SODA3 datasets, of which are driven by different surface forcings and bulk formulas, and with or without data assimilation, are used in this study. The annual mean water transports(i.e.,volume, heat and freshwater) are related to the combination of surface forcing and bulk formula, as well as whether data assimilation is employed. The phases of the seasonal and interannual variability in water transports cross the Makassar Strait, are basically consistent with each other among the SODA3 ensemble members. The interannual variability in Makassar Strait volume and heat transports are significantly correlated with El Ni?oSouthern Oscillation(ENSO) at time lags of-6 to 7 months. There is no statistically significant correlation between the freshwater transport and the ENSO. The Makassar Strait water transports are not significantly correlated with the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD), which may attribute to model deficiency in simulating the propagation of semiannual Kelvin waves from the Indian Ocean to the Makassar Strait.

56例多发性骨髓瘤患者自体外周血造血干细胞动员方案的临床分析

目的:旨在比较化疗联合粒细胞集落刺激因子(chemotherapy plus granulocyte cyte colony stimulating factor,G-CSF)与化疗联合G-CSF和粒巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor,GM-CSF)方案对多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患者外周血造血干细胞(peripheral blood stem cell,PBSC)动员、采集及造血重建的影响。方法:回顾性分析56例2008年5月至2016年7月天津医科大学肿瘤医院血液科化疗联合G-CSF或化疗联合G-CSF和GM-CSF动员采集PBSC行自体外周血造血干细胞移植(autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation,APBSCT)的MM患者资料。分析患者年龄、性别、疾病类型、临床分期(DS、ISS、R-ISS分期系统)、既往治疗方案和周期数等因素对动员效果及移植后造血重建、发热和抗生素应用等的影响。结果:单因素分析发现女性、ISS分期Ⅲ期、R-ISS分期Ⅱ/Ⅲ期及化疗+G-CSF动员方案的患者采集效果较差(P<0.05)。年龄≤60岁或年龄>60岁、疾病类型、DS分期(Ⅰ+Ⅱ/Ⅲ)、动员前化疗次数(≤6次或>6次)、有无烷化剂治疗史、动员前疾病缓解状态部分缓解(partial response,PR)或完全缓解(complete response,CR)及确诊到动员间隔时间(≤18个月或>18个月)与采集获得的CD34+细胞数及采集成功率无相关性(P>0.05)。进一步多因素分析结果显示,化疗联合G-CSF和GM-CSF患者较化疗联和GCSF患者采集成功率较高(OR=12.009,95%CI:1.961～73.537),不同动员方案是影响干细胞采集结果的独立预后因素(P=0.007)。所有患者移植后均顺利获得造血重建,无移植相关性死亡。两项动员方案组的造血重建时间及回输后发热、抗生素使用情况差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:化疗联合G-CSF和GM-CSF动员方案采集的成功率较高,而不良反应未见增加,该动员方案可作为MM患者外周血干细胞动员的一项较好选择。

Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles with tunable cavity for plasmon-enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution

Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles with different cavity sizes have great potential for improving photocatalytic performance due to their tunable plasmon effect.In this study,galvanic replacement was combined with co-reduction with the reaction kinetics processes regulated to rapidly synthesize Au-Ag hollow alloy nanoparticles with tunable cavity sizes.The position of the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)peak could be effectively adjusted between 490 nm and 713 nm by decreasing the cavity size of the Au-Ag hollow nanoparticles from 35 nm to 20 nm.The plasmon-enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution of alloy nanoparticles with different cavity sizes was investigated.Compared with pure P25(TiO2),intact and thin-shelled Au-Ag hollow nanoparticles(HNPs)-supported photocatalyst exhibited an increase in the photocatalytic H2 evolution rate from 0.48μmol h^−1 to 4μmol h^−1 under full-spectrum irradiation.This improved photocatalytic performance was likely due to the plasmon-induced electromagnetic field effect,which caused strong photogenerated charge separation,rather than the generation of hot electrons.

Water‑immersion softening mechanism of coal rock mass based on split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment

The coal mining process is afected by various water sources such as groundwater and coal seam water injection.Understanding the dynamic mechanical parameters of water-immersed coal is helpful for coalmine safe production.The impact compression tests were performed on coal with diferent moisture contents by using theϕ50 mm Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)experimental system,and the dynamic characteristics and energy loss laws of water-immersed coal with diferent compositions and water contents were analyzed.Through analysis and discussion,it is found that:(1)When the moisture content of the coal sample is 0%,30%,60%,the stress,strain rate and energy frst increase and then decrease with time.(2)When the moisture content of the coal sample increases from 30%to 60%,the stress“plateau”of the coal sample becomes more obvious,resulting in an increase in the compressive stress stage and a decrease in the expansion stress stage.(3)The increase of moisture content of the coal sample will afect its impact deformation and failure mode.When the moisture content is 60%,the incident rod end and the transmission rod end of the coal sample will have obvious compression failure,and the middle part of the coal sample will also experience expansion and deformation.(4)The coal composition ratio suitable for the coal immersion softening impact experiment is optimized.

A chromosome-scale reference genome of Aquilegia oxysepala var.kansuensis

The genus Aquilegia(Ranunculaceae)has been cultivated as ornamental and medicinal plants for centuries.With petal spurs of strikingly diverse size and shape,Aquilegia has also been recognized as an excellent system for evolutionary studies.Pollinator‐mediated selection for longer spurs is believed to have shaped the evolution of this genus,especially the North American taxa.Recently,however,an opposite evolutionary trend was reported in an Asian lineage,where multiple origins of mini-or even nonspurred morphs have occurred.Interesting as it is,the lack of genomic resources has limited our ability to decipher the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying spur reduction in this special lineage.Using long-read sequencing(PacBio Sequel),in combination with optical maps(BioNano DLS)and Hi–C,we assembled a high-quality reference genome of A.oxysepala var.kansuensis,a sister species to the nonspurred taxon.The final assembly is approximately 293.2 Mb,94.6%(277.4 Mb)of which has been anchored to 7 pseudochromosomes.A total of 25,571 protein-coding genes were predicted,with 97.2%being functionally annotated.When comparing this genome with that of A.coerulea,we detected a large rearrangement between Chr1 and Chr4,which might have caused the Chr4 of A.oxysepala var.kansuensis to partly deviate from the“decaying”path that was taken before the split of Aquilegia and Semiaquilegia.This high-quality reference genome is fundamental to further investigations on the development and evolution of petal spurs and provides a strong foundation for the breeding of new horticultural Aquilegia cultivars.

One-step Synthesis of Shape-controllable Gold Nanoparticles and Their Application in Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering

Gold nanoparticles(NPs) of various shapes were synthesized by a one-step method at ambient temperature in the presence of NaCI.2-mercaptosuccinic acid(MSA) was used as both reducing agent and stabilizing agent.The shapes of gold NPs were controllable by simply tuning S/Au ratio(S is from MSA molecule,and S/Au ratio is controlled by tuning the volume of added MSA solution),and triangle,polygonal and spherical nanoparticles were obtained.This result suggested a new way to consider the effects of MSA on the growth of nanoparticles,which showed that MSA is a strong capping agent and facilitates more uniform growth of nanoparticles in every dimension.And other important factors on nanoparticles growth including NaCI and temperature were discussed.Furthermore,a typical probe molecule,4-aminothiophenol(4-ATP) was used to test the surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) activity of these gold NPs and the results indicated good Raman activity on these substrates.And the enhancement factor(EF) at 1078 cm^(-1)(a_1) was estimated to be as large as 6.3×10~4 and 5.5×10~4 for triangular plates and truncated particles,respectively.

Structural basis for a homodimeric ATPase subunit of an ECF transporter

The transition metal cobalt,an essential cofactor for many enzymes in prokaryotes,is taken up by several specifi c transport systems.The CbiMNQO protein complex be-longs to type-1 energy-coupling factor(ECF)transporters and is a widespread group of microbial cobalt transport-ers.CbiO is the ATPase subunit(A-component)of the cobalt transporting system in the gram-negative thermo-philic bacterium Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis.Here we report the crystal structure of a nucleotide-free CbiO at a resolution of 2.3Å.CbiO contains an N-terminal canonical nucleotide-binding domain(NBD)and C-termi-nal helical domain.Structural and biochemical data show that CbiO forms a homodimer mediated by the NBD and the C-terminal domain.Interactions mainly via conserved hydrophobic amino acids between the two C-terminal do-mains result in formation of a four-helix bundle.Structural comparison with other ECF transporters suggests that non-conserved residues outside the T-component bind-ing groove in the A component likely act as a specifi city determinant for T components.Together,our data provide information on understanding of the structural organiza-tion and interaction of the CbiMNQO system.

Effect of succinic acid deamidation-induced modification on wheat gluten

The effect of succinic acid deamidationinduced modification on wheat gluten was investigated in the present study.The changes of surface hydrophobicity,functional properties,secondary structure,and sensibility of proteolysis of modified samples were determined.The solubility of deamidated proteins increased in the isoelectric region of untreated wheat gluten.The isoelectric point of succinic acid deamidated wheat gluten was shifted to a basic pH and existed in the broad pH regions.Foaming property and molecular flexibility of wheat gluten were improved after the modification.The hydrolysis degree of the hydrolysates in proteolysis with flavorzyme and pancreatin increased after succinic acid deamidation.Moreover,succinic acid deamidation-induced modification resulted in little change in molecular weight and secondary structure of the protein.Thus,succinic acid could facilitate unfolding protein conformation.In addition,it could improve protein-water interactions,surface properties,and sensibility of the proteolysis of the deamidated wheat gluten.