Strong coupling in silver-molecular J-aggregates-silver structure sandwiched between two dielectric media

We theoretically investigate the strong coupling in silver-molecular J-aggregates-silver structure sandwiched between two dielectric media by using classical methods. Fresnel equations are employed to solve our proposed structure. The results show that both the reflection and transmission spectra show a Rabi splitting-like line shape, revealing the strong coupling phenomenon. Furthermore, the radiative angle versus incident wavelength exhibits a Fano line shape. The strong coupling phenomenon can be well tuned by controlling the surface plasmon excitation, such as the incident angle and the thickness of the silver films. Our structure has potential applications in quantum networks, optical switches, and so on.

Demagnetization Analysis and Velocity Tracking Control of In-wheel Motor

The error caused by irreversible demagnetization damages the accurate velocity tracking of an in-wheel motor in a mobile robot.A current feedforward vector control system based on ESO is proposed to compensate it for the demagnetization motor.A demagnetization mathematical model is established to describe a permanent magnet synchronous motor,which took the change of permanent magnet flux linkage parameters as a factor to count the demagnetization error in velocity tracking.The uncertain disturbance estimation model of the control system is built based on ESO,which eliminates the system error by the feedforward current compensation.It is compared with the vector control method in terms of control accuracy.The simulation results show that the current feedforward vector control method based on ESO reduces the velocity tracking error greatly in conditions of motor demagnetization less than 30%.It is effective to improve the operation accuracy of the mobile robot.

Uncovering hidden nodes and hidden links in complex dynamic networks

Inferring network structures from available data has attracted much interest in network science;however,in many realistic networks,only some of the nodes are perceptible while others are hidden,making it a challenging task.In this work,we develop a method for reconstructing the network with hidden nodes and links,taking account of fast-varying noise and time-delay interactions.By calculating the correlations of available data with different derivative orders for multiple pairs of accessible nodes,analyzing and integrating the relationships between different correlations,and defining diverse hidden-node-related reconstruction motifs,we can effectively identify the hidden nodes and hidden links in the network.

Theoretical framework of dualistic nature–social water cycle

The global climate change and intensification of human activities in recent decades have made profound changes in hydrological cycle processes and water resources,and produced serious water problems and water crisis in many areas.The main reason is that the driving force of water cycle,the structure of water cycle,and the parameters of water cycle have dualistically evolved under the influence of human activities,and consequently resulted in reduction of runoff water resources,water pollution,and degradation of natural ecosystems.In order to realize of the safety aim of water supply,water environment,and ecosystem in area which is short of water resources,scientific regulation of water resources must take basin water cycle system as the unified base,and the first scientific basis is the awareness of the internal mechanism and law of water cycle evolution under highly intensive human activities.This article discussed four aspects of dualistic water cycle evolution,including its history in China,its theory,its characteristics in a typical basin,and its description of integral structure,along with the conceptive model system to quantify it.This article can be a reference to the basic cognition of water cycle evolution in a changing environment,and the study of water resources reduction reasons in the contemporary age.

MiR146a-loaded engineered exosomes released from silk fibroin patch promote diabetic wound healing by targeting IRAK1

Unhealable diabetic wounds need to be addressed with the help of newer,more efficacious strategies.Exosomes combined with biomaterials for sustained delivery of therapeutic agents are expected to bring new hope for chronic wound treatment.Here,the engineered exosomes modified for efficiently loading miR146a and attaching to silk fibroin patch(SFP)were demonstrated to promote diabetic wound healing.Silk fibroin binding peptide(SFBP)was screened through phage display,and SFBP-Gluc-MS2(SGM)and pac-miR146a-pac fusion protein were constructed.The designed exosomes(SGM-Exos,miR146a-Exos,and SGM-miR146a-Exos)were isolated from the engineered placental mesenchymal stem cells(PMSCs)transduced with SGM or/and pac-miR146a-pac protein.Gluc signals indicated SGM-Exo@SFP markedly increased the binding rate and the stability of SGM-Exo.Moreover,the loading efficiency of miR146a in SGM-miR146a-Exos was ten-fold higher than that in miR146a-Exos.Superior to untreated,SGM-miR146a-Exo-only treated,and SFP-only treated groups,SGM-miR146a-Exo@SFP drived wound healing associated with less inflammation,collagen deposition,and neovascularization.The transcriptomics analysis suggested anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects with SGM-miR146a-Exo@SFP treatment.Here,we show efficient exosome@biomaterial-based miRNA delivery systems for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.

P-MSC-derived extracellular vesicles facilitate diabetic wound healing via miR-145-5p/CDKN1A-mediated functional improvements of high glucose-induced senescent fibroblasts

Background:Persistent hyperglycaemia in diabetes causes functional abnormalities of human dermal fibroblasts(HDFs),partially leading to delayed skin wound healing.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)containing multiple pro-healing microRNAs(miRNAs)have been shown to exert therapeutic effects on diabetic wound healing.The present study aimed to observe the effects of EVs derived from placental mesenchymal stem cells(P-MSC-EVs)on diabetic wound healing and high glucose(HG)-induced senescent fibroblasts and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods:P-MSC-EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and locally injected into the full-thickness skin wounds of diabetic mice,to observe the beneficial effects on wound healing in vivo by measuring wound closure rates and histological analysis.Next,a series of assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of low(2.28 x 1010 particles/ml)and high(4.56 x 1010 particles/ml)concentrations of P-MSC-EVs on the senescence,proliferation,migration,and apoptosis of HG-induced senescent HDFs in vitro.Then,miRNA microarrays and real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)were carried out to detect the differentially expressed miRNAs in HDFs after EVs treatment.Specific RNA inhibitors,miRNA mimics,and small interfering RNA(siRNA)were used to evaluate the role of a candidate miRNA and its target genes in P-MSC-EV-induced improvements in the function of HG-induced senescent HDFs.Results:Local injection of P-MSC-EVs into diabetic wounds accelerated wound closure and reduced scar widths,with better-organized collagen deposition and decreased p16INK4a expression.In vitro,P-MSC-EVs enhanced the antisenescence,proliferation,migration,and antiapoptotic abilities of HG-induced senescent fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner.MiR-145-5p was found to be highly enriched in P-MSC-EVs.MiR-145-5p inhibitors effectively attenuated the P-MSC-EV-induced functional improvements of senescent fibroblasts.MiR-145-5p mimics simulated the effects of P-MSC-EVs on functional improvements of fibroblasts by suppressing the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A and activating the extracellular signal regulated kinase(Erk)/protein kinase B(Akt)signaling pathway.Furthermore,local application of miR-145-5p agomir mimicked the effects of P-MSC-EVs on wound healing.Conclusions:These results suggest that P-MSC-EVs accelerate diabetic wound healing by improv-ing the function of senescent fibroblasts through the transfer of miR-145-5p,which targets cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A to activate the Erk/Akt signaling pathway.P-MSC-EVs are promising therapeutic candidates for diabetic wound treatment.

On the Increased Precipitation Recycling by Large-Scale Irrigation over the Haihe Plain

Irrigation not only plays an important role in global food security,but it also affects aspects of the regional climate,including precipitation.In this study,we proposed a simple and convenient method to quantify the contribution of large-scale irrigation to precipitation by distinguishing the amount of evaporation generated by irrigation from local evaporation based on the precipitation recycling method.A case study was presented to show the increased precipitation recycling ratio and the contribution of irrigation to precipitation during the main irrigation period in the Haihe Plain from 1961 to 2016.We found that the average precipitation recycling rates in the Haihe Plain are 8.32%,9.74%,and 10.36%in April,May,and June,respectively.The contribution rates of irrigation to precipitation in the Haihe Plain are 3.76%,5.12%,and 2.29%in April,May,and June,respectively.The total contribution of irrigation to precipitation during the main irrigation period is 3.77 mm;the respective contributions in April,May,and June are 0.72,1.70,and 1.35 mm.The contribution of irrigation to local precipitation is relatively small as the inflow of atmospheric moisture during the irrigation period is still the main factor affecting local precipitation.Nevertheless,this part of the precipitation during the irrigation period alleviates the water shortage in the Haihe Plain to some extent.

Novel neutrophil extracellular trap-related mechanisms in diabetic wounds inspire a promising treatment strategy with hypoxia-challenged small extracellular vesicles

Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have been considered a significant unfavorable factor for wound healing in diabetes,but the mechanisms remain unclear.The therapeutic application of small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)has received considerable attention for their properties.Hypoxic preconditioning is reported to enhance the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived sEVs in regenerative medicine.Therefore,the aim of this study is to illustrate the detailed mechanism of NETs in impairment of diabetic wound healing and develop a promising NET-targeting treatment based on hypoxic pretreated MSC-derived sEVs(Hypo-sEVs).Excessive NETs were found in diabetic wounds and in high glucose(HG)-induced neutrophils.Further research showed that high concentration of NETs impaired the function of fibroblasts through activating endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress.Hypo-sEVs efficiently promoted diabetic wound healing and reduced the excessive NET formation by transferring miR-17-5p.Bioinformatic analysis and RNA interference experiment revealed that miR-17-5p in Hypo-sEVs obstructed the NET formation by targeting TLR4/ROS/MAPK pathway.Additionally,miR-17-5p overexpression decreased NET formation and overcame NET-induced impairment in fibroblasts,similar to the effects of Hypo-sEVs.Overall,we identify a previously unrecognized NET-related mechanism in diabetic wounds and provide a promising NET-targeting strategy for wound treatment.

Autophagy,not apoptosis,plays a role in lumen formation of eccrine gland organoids

Background:Sweat secreted by eccrine sweat glands is transported to the skin surface through the lumen.The eccrine sweat gland develops from the initial solid bud to the final gland structure with a lumen,but how the lumen is formed and the mechanism of lumen formation have not yet been fully elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of lumen formation of eccrine gland organoids(EGOs).Methods:Human eccrine sweat glands were isolated from the skin for tissue culture,and the primary cultured cells were collected and cultured in Matrigel for 14 daysin vitro.EGOs at different development days were collected for hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining to observe morphological changes and for immunofluorescence staining of proliferation marker Ki67,cellular motility marker filamentous actin(F-actin),and autophagy marker LC3B.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Ki67,F-actin,and LC3B.Moreover,apoptosis was detected using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)apoptosis assay kit,and the expression of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and Caspase-3 was detected by Western blot.In addition,3-methyladenine(3MA)was used as an autophagy inhibitor to detect whether the formation of sweat glands can be effectively inhibited.Results:The results showed that a single gland cell proliferated rapidly and formed EGOs on day 4.The earliest lumen formation was observed on day 6.From day 8 to day 14,the rate of lumen formation in EGOs increased significantly.The immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses showed that the expression of Ki67 gradually decreased with the increase in days,while the F-actin expression level did not change.Notably,the expression of autophagy marker LC3B was detected in the interior cells of EGOs as the apoptosis signal of EGOs was negative.Compared with the control group,the autophagy inhibitor 3MA can effectively limit the formation rate of the lumen and reduce the inner diameter of EGOs.Conclusion:Using our model of eccrine gland 3D-reconstruction in Matrigel,we determined that autophagy rather than apoptosis plays a role in the lumen formation of EGOs.

NaOH–ball-milled co-modified magnetic biochar and its oil adsorption properties

A magnetic biochar adsorbent(BM–OH–BC)was prepared through NaOH–ball milling co-modification with walnut shells as the raw material,and its oil adsorption characteristics were investigated.The adsorption properties of oil pollutants were compared before and after the NaOH-ball-milling co-modification,and the mechanism of NaOH-ball-milling on oil pollutants was investigated by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,BET,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The experimental results showed that the oil adsorption capacity of BM–OH–BC can reach 2.75 g/g,which is 129%higher than that of unmodified biochar.Moreover,after five adsorption and desorption cycles,the adsorption rate of BM–OH–BC only decreased by 5.9%,which was because the oil adsorption of BM–OH–BC is mainly chemical adsorption.The adsorption processes involving single layer,heterogeneous phase and multilayer made BM–OH–BC have excellent adsorption properties.After biochar co-modification,the specific surface area of BM–OH–BC increased to 466 m^(2)/g,the total pore volume increased to 0.245 cm^(3)/g,the average pore size decreased to1.90 nm,and the number of hydrophobic non-polar functional groups increased,leading to the enhancement of its oil absorption capacity.This study provides a reference for the treatment of oil-contaminated water bodies.