Constructing P-CoMoO_(4)@NiCoP heterostructure nanoarrays on Ni foam as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting

Improving catalytic activity and durabilty through the structural and compositional development of bifunctional electrocatalysts with low cost,high activity and stability is a challenging issue in electrochemical water splitting.Herein,we report the fabrication of heterostructured P-CoMoO_(4)@NiCoP on a Ni foam substrate through interface engineering,by adjusting its composition and architecture.Benefitting from the tailored electronic structure and exposed active sites,the heterostructured P-CoMoO_(4)@NiCoP/NF arrays can be coordinated to boost the overall water splitting.In addition,the superhydrophilic and superaerophobic properties of P-CoMoO_(4)@NiCoP/NF make it conducive to water dissociation and bubble separation in the electrocatalytic process.The heterostructured PCoMoO_(4)@NiCoP/NF exhibits excellent bifunctional electrocatalysis activity with a low overpotential of 66 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2) for HER and 252 mV at 100 mA cm^(-2) for OER.Only 1.62 V potential is required to deliver 20 mA cm^(-2) in a two-electrode electrolysis system,providing a decent overall water splitting performance.The rational construction of the heterostructure makes it possible to regulate the electronic structures and active sites of the electrocatalysts to promote their catalytic activity.

Protein Globule Formation in the Liver Graft during Cold Preservation for Liver Transplantation: Its Clinical and Pathological Significance

In liver transplantation, liver graft ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs mainly due to cold preservation and warm reperfusion. In this research, we study the affection of plasma protein of the donor on liver graft during cold preservation and warm reperfusion. In this study, 34 liver transplantations were performed from 2007 to 2010, and the clinical data were collected retrospectively from the Dongfang Hospital database. 34 specimens were harvested from 34 liver grafts when graft trimming as Group A and 34 specimens harvested from the same 34 liver grafts during liver transplantation surgery but before abdominal closure as B group. All liver tissue specimens were fixed with 40 g/L neutral formalin, embedded in paraffin. Light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stain and immunohistochemical stain of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3d, C4d, Fib, C1q, and CD61 were used. In this study, we found that eosinophilic bodies emerged in liver lobes during liver transplantation which had not been reported previously in the literature. 1) Protein globules were found exclusively in liver graft specimens. The globules were round or oval with sharp edges, measured approximately 1.59 to 9.41 μm in diameter, and were scattered in the liver sinusoids or space of Disse or hepatocyte cytoplasm, were stained with IgG, IgM, IgA, Fib, C3d by immunohistochemical staining;2) There was no statistical significant difference of protein globules number between A group and B group (P > 0.05);3) IRI score of B group was not correlated with protein globules number (P > 0.05). Protein globules contain plasma composition, and may form during cold preservation.

A secreted salivary effector from Riptortus pedestris impairs soybean defense through modulating phytohormone signaling pathways

Riptortus pedestris(Fabricius),one of the major piercing-sucking insects in soybeans,causes delayed plant senescence and abnormal pods,known as staygreen syndrome.Recent research has shown that direct feeding of this insect is the major cause of soybean staygreen syndrome.However,it remains unclear whether R.pedestris salivary proteins play vital roles in insect infestation.Here,we found that 4 secretory salivary proteins can induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana by transient heterologous expression.The cell death induced by Rp2155 relies on the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat helper,HSP90.Tissue-specificity assays indicated that Rp2155 is specifically expressed in the salivary gland of R.pedestris and is significantly induced during insect feeding.The expression of salicylic acid(SA)-,jasmonic acid(JA)-related genes was increased in soybean when fed by Rp2155-silenced R.pedestris.More importantly,soybean staygreen symptoms caused by R.pedestris were significantly alleviated when Rp2155 was silenced.Together,these results suggest that the salivary effector Rp2155 is involved in promoting insect infestation by suppressing the JA and SA pathways,and it can be considered as a potential RNA interference target for insect control.

Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking of the Arabidopsis WD40 Repeat Protein XIW1 Regulates ABI5 Stability and Abscisic Acid Responses

WD40 repeat-containing proteins(WD40 proteins)serve as versatile scaffolds for protein-protein interac-tions,modulating a variety of cellular processes such as plant stress and hormone responses.Here we report the identification of a WD40 protein,XIW1(for XPO1-interacting WD40 protein 1),which positively regulates the abscisic acid(ABA)response in Arabidopsis.XIW1 is located in the cytoplasm and nucleus.We found that it interacts with the nuclear transport receptor XPO1 and is exported by XPO1 from the nucleus.Mutation of XIW1 reduces the induction of ABA-responsive genes and the accumulation of ABA Insensitive 5(ABI5),causing mutant plants with ABA-insensitive phenotypes during seed germination and seedling growth,and decreased drought stress resistance.ABA treatment upregulates the expression of XIW1,and both ABA and abiotic stresses promote XIW1 accumulation in the nucleus,where it interacts with ABI5.Loss of XIW1 function results in rapid proteasomal degradation of ABI5.Taken together,these findings suggest that XIW1 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein and plays a positive role in ABA responses by interacting with and maintaining the stability of ABI5 in the nucleus.

Fast and highly reversible Na^(+)intercalation/extraction in Zn/Mg dual-doped P2-Na_(0.67)MnO_(2)cathode material for high-performance Na-ion batteries

P2-type layered Na_(0.67)MnO_(2)has been considered to be a promising candidate cathode material for sodium ion batteries.Nevertheless,the undesired phase transitions during operation and the large Na^(+)radius induced sluggish ion diffusion remain the stumbling blocks to realize its high performance.Herein,we propose a Zn/Mg co-doping strategy,which is proved to have bifunctional effects.First,relative to the pristine P2-Na_(0.67)MnO_(2)and the single-ion(Zn/Mg)doped samples,the Zn/Mg dual-doped P2-Na_(0.67)MnO_(2)demonstrates a lower Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+)ratio and a higher lattice O content,which facilitate the structural stability of the cathode material.More intriguingly,the Zn/Mg co-doping gives rise to enlarged interplanar spacing,which provides spacious ion diffusion channels for fast Na^(+)intercalation/extraction.As a result,the Zn/Mg dual-doped sample exhibits a high Na^(+)diffusion coefficient and a solid-solution reaction during charge/discharge,with a cell volume change determined to be only 0.55%.Taking advantages of the above favorable features,the Zn/Mg dual-doped P2-Na_(0.67)MnO_(2)demonstrates a high rate performance with 67.2 mAh·g^(-1)delivered at 10 C and a decent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 93.8%achieved at 1 C after 100 cycles.This work introduces the Zn/Mg co-doping strategy to simultaneously improve the cycling stability and rate capability of P2-Na_(0.67)MnO_(2),which may offer a promising avenue for further performance enhancement of the layered Na-ion batteries cathode materials.

HEMIPTERAN-TRANSMITTED PLANT VIRUSES: RESEARCH PROGRESS AND CONTROL STRATEGIES

About 80% of plant viruses are transmitted by specific insect vectors, especiallyhemipterans with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Many virus-transmitting insectsare also important crop pests that cause considerable losses in crop production.This review summarizes the latest research findings on the interactions betweenplant viruses and insect vectors and analyzes the key factors affecting insecttransmission of plant viruses from the perspectives of insect immunity, insectfeeding, and insect symbiotic microorganisms. Additionally, by referring to thelatest applications for blocking the transmission of animal viruses, potentialcontrol strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant virusesusing RNAi technology, gene editing technology, and CRISPR/Cas9 + gene-driventechnology are discussed.