Occurrence and distribution of bisphenol compounds in different categories of animal feeds used in China

Bisphenol compounds(BPs)are of concern worldwide as potential environmental contaminants,and these chemicals may migrate into animal-derived foodstuffs from animal feeds.In this study,12 BPs were analyzed in 7 varieties of animal feed groups totaling 203 samples collected from various provinces in China.6 BPs were found in these feed samples,with a total detection frequency of 75.5%.The total concentration of all BPs(S6BPs)in each type of feed ranged from below the limit of detection to 75.3 ng g^(-1),with an overall mean value of 4.52 ng g^(-1).The frequency of BPs contamination and the S6BPs values were found to be higher in animal-based feeds(P_(frequency)>0.05,P_(concentration)<0.01)than in plantbased feeds.BPA and BPS were the predominant BPs in these feed samples,accounting for(on average)63.9%and 24.6%of the total BPs,respectively.Overall,the mean concentrations of BPA in these animal feeds were much lower than the legal limits set by China and European Union,implying a low direct risk to both animal health and animal-derived food safety.However,the evident risk of the contamination of various animal-derived food items with BPs passed through the feed chain merits further investigation.

Strategic analysis of China’s geothermal energy industry

China is an early user of geothermal energy,and its direct use ranks first in the world.Recent national strategies and policies have enabled China’s geothermal energy industry to enter a new era with important development opportunities.This paper investigates the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)to China’s geothermal energy industry from political,economic,social,and technological(PEST)perspectives.SWOT–PEST analysis indicates that the resources,market,and technological foundation exist for the large-scale development of China’s geothermal energy industry.However,it experiences constraints,such as unclear resource distributions,incomplete development of government regulations,incomplete implementation of national policies,unclear authority between governmental administrative systems,and lack of uniform technical standards and codes.Therefore,future development strategies have been proposed to provide technical support and policy tools for geothermal energy development.The recommendations to ensure its healthy and sustainable development include improving resource exploration,rationalizing administration systems,enhancing policy guidance and financial support,and cultivating geothermal talent.