Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Nitric Oxide Delivery Platform for Enhanced Radioimmunotherapy

Radiotherapy(RT)is a widely used way for cancer treatment.However,the efficiency of RT may come with various challenges such as low specificity,limitation by resistance,high dose and so on.Nitric oxide(NO)is known a very effective radiosensitizer of hypoxic tumor.However,NO cannot circulate in body with high concentration.Herein,an NIR light-responsive NO delivery system is developed for controlled and precisely release of NO to hypoxic tumors during radiotherapy.Tert-Butyl nitrite,which is an efficient NO source,is coupled to Ag2S quantum dots(QDs).NO could be generated and released from the Ag2S QDs effectively under the NIR irradiation due to the thermal effect.In addition,Ag is also a type of heavy metal that can benefit the RT therapy.We demonstrate that Ag2S NO delivery platforms remarkably maximize radiotherapy effects to inhibit tumor growth in CT26 tumor model.Furthermore,immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is improved by our NO delivery system,significantly enhancing the anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy.100% survival rate is achieved by the radio-immune combined therapy strategy based on the Ag2S NO delivery platforms.Our results suggest the promise of Ag2S NO delivery platforms for multifunctional cancer radioimmunotherapy.

Van der Waals layered ferroelectrie CuInP_(2)S_(6):Physical properties and device applications

Copper indium thiophosphate,CuInP_(2)S_(6),has attracted much attention in recent years due to its van der Waals layered structure and robust ferroelectricity at room temperature.In this review,we aim to give an overview of the various properties of CuInP_(2)S_(6),covering structural,ferroelectric,dielectric,piezoelectric and transport properties,as well as its potential applications.We also highlight the remaining questions and possible research directions related to this fascinating material and other compounds of the same family.

Bacteria-assisted delivery and oxygen production of nano-enzyme for potent radioimmunotherapy of cancer

Tumor-targeting attenuated Salmonella could induce certain antitumor therapeutic effect through its proliferation characteristic and the consequent activated immune response,while host defense cells represented by neutrophils would trap and eliminate these invading bacteria via producing excess hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))-including reactive oxygen species in the bacteriainfected tumor,thereby impairing the efficacy of the bacteria treatment of tumor.Herein,we attempt to combine bacteria treatment and oxygen-dependent radioimmunotherapy of tumor through injection of neutrophil-targeted nano-catalase into the bacteria-treated mice for perfect tumor treatment outcome.Denatured albumin is used to coat catalase and deliver it to the neutrophils infiltrated in bacteria-infected tumor tissue.Taking advantage of the generating H_(2)O_(2)by neutrophils,easily-diffused oxygen is produced and spread the whole tumor under the catalysis of nano-enzyme,leading to enhanced radiotherapy of hypoxic tumor cells.Moreover,the optimized tumor microenvironment,synergistically caused by potent immune-stimulation of bacteria,generating oxygen and tumor radiotherapy,would boost the antitumor immunity.This novel combination therapy strategy holds great promise to provide new ideas for future clinical cancer treatment.

The potential clinical applications of radionuclide labeled/doped gold-based nanomaterials

Radionuclides have been widely used for multimodal imaging and radioisotope therapy of cancer.Various nanomaterials have been developed as excellent nanocarriers of radionuclides for the targeted delivery into tumors,in order to minimize the unnecessary side effect and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy.Among those nanomaterials,gold nanomaterials with tunable morphologies,easy modification,good biological safety,and radiation sensitization capability are excellent candidates for cancer theranostics.Given the superior performance of gold-based nanomaterials in biomedicine,we summary the recent advance of radionuclide labeled/doped gold-based nanomaterials for cancer theranostics.In this review article,we will discuss the methods for labelling or doping radionuclides onto gold nanomaterials,their applications for nuclear imaging and Cerenkov luminescence(CL)imaging,as well as the radioisotope therapy of cancer,and finally the toxicity evaluation of radionuclide labeled/doped gold-based nanomaterials.We hope that our review article would provide guidance for non-experts to design the radiolabeled nanomaterials for cancer imaging guided therapy.