含羧基聚酰亚胺共聚物的挠性覆铜板的制备与性能

以4,4'-对苯二氧双邻苯二甲酸酐(HQDPA)和不同比例的4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)及3,5-二氨基苯甲酸(DABA)为反应单体,通过共聚的方法,制备了一系列聚酰胺酸(PPA),将其涂覆于铜箔表面,通过热酰亚胺化后得到无胶型挠性覆铜板(FCCL)。研究表明,当二胺为DABA时,聚酰亚胺的力学性能和热学性能最好,表面接触角为61.3°,热膨胀系数为24×10^(-6) K^(-1),介电常数为3.58,制备得到的FCCL的剥离强度达到1.18 N/mm。这种含羧基结构的聚酰亚胺的性能可以满足无胶型挠性印制电路对基底膜材料的尺寸稳定性和粘接性能的要求。

Some Critical Issues in the Development of Chinese High-Speed Rail: Challenges and Coping Strategies

In this paper, several critical issues related to Chinese high-speed rails (CHSR) are analyzed, investigated and discussed, including development background, reasons for high ticket fare, some typical factors that influence the environmental life-cycle assessment, time and cost comparison of typical door-to-door travel routes between different transport modes and complementary strategies among different transport modes. First, the results show that the expanding high-speed rail network increased the pressure on the country's roads in the 2010 spring festival rush period due to the high ticket fare of CHSR. Second, due to lower than expected ridership because of the high ticket price and limited demand in less developed areas, some Chinese CHSR projects have become economically unsustainable. Third, without sufficient ridership and service life, the utilization of HSR was unable to show any advantages in the environmental impact compared with the other transport modes. In addition, the impact of shock from CHSR on Chinese domestic civil airlines is evident when the travel distance is below 1050 km. The key objective of the investigation is to enhance our understanding of the development and operation of Chinese high-speed rail. One of the key contributions of the current paper is the presented suggestions for complementary strategies between different transport modes to make full use of Chinese transportation resources to promote low carbon economy.

A multi-fidelity simulation method research on front variable area bypass injector of an adaptive cycle engine

Front Variable Area Bypass Injector(Front-VABI) is a component of the Adaptive Cycle Engine(ACE) with important variable-cycle features. The performance of Front-VABI has a direct impact on the performance and stability of ACE, but the current ACE performance model uses approximate models for Front-VABI performance calculation. In this work, a multi-fidelity simulation based on a de-coupled method is developed which delivers a more accurate calculation of the Front-VABI performance based on Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation. This simulation method proposes a form of Front-VABI characteristic and its matching calculation method between it and the ACE performance model, constructs a coupling method between the(2-D) Front-VABI model and the(0-D) ACE performance model. The result shows, when ACE works in triple bypass mode, the approximate model cannot account for the effect of FrontVABI pressure loss on Core Driven Fan Stage(CDFS) design pressure ratio, and the calculated error of high-pressure turbine inlet total temperature is more than 40 K in mode transition condition(the transition operating condition between triple bypass mode and double bypass mode). In double bypass mode, the approximate model can better simulate the performance of FrontVABI by considering the local loss of area expansion. This method can be applied to the performance-optimized design of Front-VABI and the ACE control law design during mode transition.

Design method of optimal control schedule for the adaptive cycle engine steady-state performance

The alternative working modes and flexible working states are the outstanding features of an adaptive cycle engine, with a proper control schedule design being the only way to exploit the performance of such an engine. However, unreasonable design in the control schedule causes not only performance deterioration but also serious aerodynamic stability problems. Thus, in this work,a hybrid optimization method that automatically chooses the working modes and identifies the optimal and smooth control schedules is proposed, by combining the differential evolution algorithm and the Latin hypercube sampling method. The control schedule architecture does not only optimize the engine steady-state performance under different working modes but also solves the control-schedule discontinuity problem, especially during mode transition. The optimal control schedules are continuous and almost monotonic, and hence are strongly suitable for a control system, and are designed for two different working conditions, i.e., supersonic and subsonic throttling,which proves that the proposed hybrid method applies to various working conditions. The evaluation demonstrates that the proposed control method optimizes the engine performance, the surge margin of the compression components, and the range of the thrust during throttling.

A new component maps correction method using variable geometric parameters

Accurate engine performance models are important for model-based performance evaluation of aero engine.The accuracy of the model often depends on engine component maps,so there is a need for a method that can accurately correct the component maps of the model over a wide range.In this paper,a new method for modifying component maps is proposed,this method combines the correction of the scaling factors with the solution process of the off-design working point,and uses the adjustment of the variable geometric parameters of the engine to change the position of the working line,in order to obtain more correction results and guarantee high accuracy in a wider range.The method is validated by taking the main fan of the Adaptive Cycle Engine(ACE),an ideal power unit for a new generation of multi-purpose and ultra-wide working range aircraft,as an example.The results show that the maximum error between the corrected component maps and the target maps is less than 1%.New possibility for more precise component maps can be realized in this paper.

Simple Vanilla Derivatives for Long-Lived Room-Temperature Polymer Phosphorescence as Invisible Security Inks

Developing novel long-lived room-temperature polymer phosphorescence(RTPP)materials could significantly expand their application scope.Herein,a series of RTPP materials based on eight simple vanilla derivatives for security ink application are reported.Attributed to strong mutual hydrogen bonding with polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)matrix,vanilla-doped PVA films exhibit ultralong phosphorescence emission under ambient conditions observed by naked eyes,where methyl vanillate shows the longest emission time up to 7 s.Impressively,when vanilla-doped PVA materials are utilized as invisible security inks,and the inks not only present excellent luminescent emission stability under ambient conditions but also maintain perfect reversibility between room temperature and 65℃ for multiple cycles.Owing to the unique RTPP performance,an advanced anticounterfeiting data encoding/reading strategy based on handwriting technology and complex pattern steganography is developed.

Time-series surface water reconstruction method(TSWR)based on spatial distance relationship of multi-stage water boundaries

Spatiotemporal continuity of surface water datasets widely known for its significance in the surface water dynamic monitoring and assessments,are faced with drawbacks like cloud influence,which hinders the direct extraction of data from time-series remote sensing images.This study proposes a Time-series Surface Water Reconstruction method(TSWR).The initial stage of this method involves the effective use of remote sensing images to automatically construct multi-stage surface water boundaries based on Google Earth Engine(GEE).Then,we reconstructed regions the reconstruction of regions with missing water pixels using the distance relationship between the multi-stage water boundaries in previous and later periods.When applied to 10 large rivers around the world,this method yielded an overall accuracy of 98%for water extraction,an RMSE of 0.41 km2.Furthermore,time-series reconstruction tests conducted in 2020 on the Lancang and Danube rivers revealed a significant improvement in the image availability.These findings demonstrated that this method could not only be used to accurately reconstruct the surface water distribution missing water images,but also to depict a more pronounced time variation characteristic.The successful application of this method on GEE demonstrates its importance for use on large scales or in global studies.