The extraction of effective components and an antioxidant activity study of Tulipa edulis

Plant extracts from natural sources are an excellent choice for food additives and natural antioxidants.In this study,the active components of Tulipa edulis were extracted and analysed,and their antioxidant capacity was measured.Then,the crude extract mixture was separated and purified using a Sephadex LH-20 gel,and the antioxidant activity of the purified products was determined.Human umbilical vein endothelial human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)cells were treated with 35 mmol/L glucose to construct a model of oxidative stress.Then,the cells were treated with the active component to observe whether the products of T.edulis could have a good protective effect on HUVEC cells induced by glucose.Transcriptome analysis was also performed on HUVEC cells after same treatment to explore the possible mechanism of the component F2 protecting HUVEC cells from oxidative stress induced by high glucose.The results showed that component F2 obtained from T.edulis has strong antioxidant activity.Moreover,F2 can play a strong antioxidant protective role in HUVEC cells.Meanwhile,the gene expression of heme oxygenase 1(HO-1),γ-glutamyl cysteine ligase catalytic subunit(GCLC)and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO1)in HUVEC cells was up-regulated after treated with F2.This study provides reference value for the further development and application of T.edulis and the d evelopment of functional food.

The normal cell proliferation and wound healing effect of polysaccharides from Ganoderma amboinense

To study the cell proliferation and wound healing activity of polysaccharides from Ganoderma amboinense(GAMPS),the polysaccharide was extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method,and its monosaccharide composition and molecular weight were analyzed.The effects of different concentrations of GAMPS on the cell proliferation were determined by cell survival rate test,and the wound healing ability of GAMPS to NIH/3T3 cells was detected.The preliminary evaluation of the antioxidant ability of GAMPS was conducted by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC).The results showed that the GAMPS was composed of glucose,mannose,and galactose at a molar ratio of 67.62:14.07:7.50,and the weightaverage molecular weights were 5.439×10^(6) and 1.704×10^(5) g/mol by using high-performance gel-permeation chromatography-multiple angle laser scatter(HPGPC-MALS)analysis.GAMPS(0.2μg/μL)showed the strongest proliferation ability to THP-1 cells,with cell survival rate of 178.7%.The wound healing effect of GAMPS(0.1μg/μL)was obvious on NIH/3T3 and 3.75μg/μL of GAMPS showed the strongest total antioxidant ability.All the results indicate that GAMPS promotes cell proliferation,and has cell wound healing effect and strong antioxidant activity.The results provide theoretical foundation for the development and utilization of GAMPS.

Oceanic vertical mixing of the lower halocline water in the Chukchi Borderland and Mendeleyev Ridge

Oceanic vertical mixing of the lower halocline water(LHW)in the Chukchi Borderland and Mendeleyev Ridge was studied based on in situ hydrographic and turbulent observations.The depth-averaged turbulent dissipation rate of LHW demonstrates a clear topographic dependence,with a mean value of 1.2×10^(-9) W/kg in the southwest of Canada Basin,1.5×10^(-9) W/kg in the Mendeleyev Abyssal Plain,2.4×10^(-9) W/kg on the Mendeleyev Ridge,and2.7×10^(-9) W/kg on the Chukchi Cap.Correspondingly,the mean depth-averaged vertical heat flux of the LHW is0.21 W/m^(2) in the southwest Canada Basin,0.30 W/m^(2) in the Mendeleyev Abyssal Plain,0.39 W/m^(2) on the Mendeleyev Ridge,and 0.46 W/m^(2) on the Chukchi Cap.However,in the presence of Pacific Winter Water,the upward heat released from Atlantic Water through the lower halocline can hardly contribute to the surface ocean.Further,the underlying mechanisms of diapycnal mixing in LHW—double diffusion and shear instability—was investigated.The mixing in LHW where double diffusion were observed is always relatively weaker,with corresponding dissipation rate ranging from 1.01×10^(-9) W/kg to 1.57×10^(-9) W/kg.The results also show a strong correlation between the depth-average dissipation rate and strain variance in the LHW,which indicates a close physical linkage between the turbulent mixing and internal wave activities.In addition,both surface wind forcing and semidiurnal tides significantly contribute to the turbulent mixing in the LHW.

Observational study of super typhoon Meranti (2016) using satellite, surface drifter, Argo float and reanalysis data

The present work describes the basic features of super typhoon Meranti(2016)by multiple data sources.We mainly focus on the upper ocean response to Meranti using multiplatform satellites,in situ surface drifter and Argo floats,and compare the results with the widely used idealized wind vortex model and reanalysis datasets.The pre-existing meso-scale eddy provided a favor underlying surface boundary condition and also modulated the upper ocean response to Meranti.Results show that the maximum sea surface cooling was 2.0℃after Meranti.The satellite surface wind failed to capture the core structure of Meranti as the idealized wind vortex model deduced.According to the observation of sea surface drifters,the near-inertial currents were significantly enhanced during the passage of Meranti.The temperature and salinity profiles from Argo floats revealed both the mixed-layer extension and subsurface upwelling induced by Meranti.The comparison results show that the sea surface temperature and surface wind in the reanalysis datasets differs from those in remote sensing system.Sea surface cooling is similar in both satellite and in situ observation,and sea surface salinity response has a lower correlation with the precipitation rate.

Immunostimulant nanomodulator boosts antitumor immune response in triple negative breast cancer by synergism of vessel normalization and photothermal therapy

Tumor vascular dysfunction and immune suppression predict poor outcomes of tumor therapy.Combination of photothermal therapy(PTT)and vessel normalization with tumor immunotherapy is promising to augment antitumor benefit.Herein,we develop a potential immunostimulatory nanomodulator for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)treatment via synergism of PTT,vessel normalization,and priming of tumoral suppressive immune microenvironment by blocking transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)pathway.The nanomodulator,namely Vac@Apt@BPs,is developed by conjugation of TGF-βinhibitor Vactosertib(Vac)and nucleolin-recognizing aptamer(Apt)on the surface of black phosphorus nanoparticles(BPs).Vac@Apt@BPs show good accumulation in TNBC via aptamer-induced active targeting of TNBC.Via the blockade of TGF-βsignaling,Vac@Apt@BPs effectively inhibit the formation of tumor neovascular,and normalize the vessels to recover vascular integrity and alleviate the hypoxia stress.Together with the tumor eradication and immunogenic cell death via PTT,robust immune response was boosted by promoted maturation of dendritic cells,suppression of regulatory T cells,and stimulation of effective T cells.This synergistic therapeutic strategy potentially suppresses the growth of TNBC in mice.

Tower-based observation of air-sea momentum flux:comparisons between onshore and offshore winds

We investigate the air-sea momentum flux in the marine atmospheric boundary layer using a tower-based direct measurement method.First,we compare the collected data with previous observations,and the results are roughly consistent.Next,in the low-to-moderate winds,the exchange coefficients(or drag coefficients)deviate between onshore and offshore winds,which exhibits the influence of surface wave on the momentum flux.Furthermore,we use a surface-wave-involved parameterization scheme to explain the dependence of momentum flux on surface wave.The results consolidate the influence of surface wave on momentum flux on the one hand,and validate the surface-wave-involved parameterization scheme on the other hand.

Catalog of operational taxonomic units and unified amplicon sequencing data for the microbiomes of medicinal plant roots

China has a rich history of cultivating medicinal plants,whose root microbial communities closely interact with the medicinal plants,thereby influencing their growth,health,and medicinal properties.Currently,researchers widely use 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to study these root microbial communities.However,publicly available sequence datasets often lack essential sample information or contain errors,impeding the reuse of the datasets in the future.In this study,we aimed to create a united,reliable,and readily usable source of 16S rRNA gene sequences for medicinal plant root microbiomes.We compiled a catalog of 1392 microbiome samples for 58 medicinal plants from 58 studies,and manually provided essential sample information based on the experimental setup described in the associated papers.We then processed the sequences using a custom pipeline,generating a united catalog of operational taxonomic units(OTUs)and conducting taxonomic classification.We also pre-dicted the ecological functions of the communities for each sample.Finally,we used this dataset,to compare the rhizosphere bacterial communities of Pseudostellaria heterophylla from Fujian and Guizhou Provinces,revealing significant differences in the community composition of the same plant from different geographic locations.By providing a comprehensive and united catalog of amplicon sequences and OTUs for medicinal plant root bacterial communities,this study offers an invaluable resource for future comparative studies and data mining.

Climate and extrema of ocean waves in the East China Sea

Wave climate plays an important role in the air-sea interaction over marginal seas. Extreme wave height provides fundamental information for various ocean engineering practices, such as hazard mitigation, coastal structure design, and risk assessment. In this paper, we implement a third generation wave model and conduct a high-resolution wave hindcast over the East China Sea to reconstruct a 15-year wave field from 1988 to 2002 for derivation of monthly mean wave parameters and analysis of extreme wave conditions. The numerical results of the wave field are validated through comparison with satellite altimetry measurements, low-resolution reanalysis, and the ocean wave buoy record. The monthly averaged wave height and wave period show seasonal variation and refined spatial patterns of surface waves in the East China Sea. The climatological significant wave height and mean wave period decrease from the open ocean in the southeast toward the continental area in the northwest, with the pattern generally following the bathymetry. Extreme analysis on the significant wave height at the buoy station indicates the hindcast data underestimate the extreme values relative to the observations. The spatial pattern of extreme wave height shows single peak emerges at the southwest of Ryukyu Island although a wind forcing with multi-core structure at the extreme is applied.

A rapid method for the detection of humic acid based on the poly(thymine)-templated copper nanoparticles

This work described a new method for the detection of humic acid （HA） based on the poly（thymine） （polyT）-templated copper nanoparticles （CuNPs）. Without the presence of HA, the formation of poly T- templated CuNPs could take place, resulting in strong fluorescence emission peaks at 610 nm （upon excitation at 340 nm）. On the other hand, when HA was present, strong interaction between HA and Cu2＋ took place, which then hampered the effective formation of fluorescent CuNPs, leading to the decrease in fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, under the optimal experimental conditions, the method exhibited a high specificity to HA with a detection limit of 0.4 mg/L. This work has demonstrated a low-cost and convenient method that could be accomplished within 10 min. The method could provide a simple, rapid, and sensitive fluorescent olatform for the detection of HA.

Propolis inspired sunscreens for efficient UV-protection and skin barrier maintenance

The direct use of naturally occurring,small molecular ingredients in bioinspired sunscreens has raised several concerns due to the instability,photocytotoxicity,and potential blood toxicity of those ingredients.In this work,we have employed natural ultraviolet(UV)-blocking molecule caffeic acid phenethyl ester(CAPE)from propolis to prepare poly(CAPE)nanoparticles(NPs)as the main bioactive ingredient to fabricate propolis-inspired hydrogel sunscreens.Compared with small molecular CAPE,poly(CAPE)NPs exhibited better dispersion and stability in water,as well as lower physiological toxicity and skin permeability.And the resulting composite hydrogels demonstrated promising properties including water-resistant whereas can be easily erased by warm water as well as safety when interacting with skin.More importantly,the hydrogel sunscreens showed excellent UV protection properties both in vitro and in vivo,and the positive effects in maintaining skin barrier functions.This work provides new strategies towards the facile construction of nature-inspired robust sunscreens in the future.