Quality Analysis of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. from Different Producing Areas

[Objectives]The quality of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.from different producing areas was studied.[Methods]The content of proanthocyanidins(UV spectrophotometry),water-soluble vitamins(VB 2,VB 6,VB 12,Vc,niacinamide,and folic acid)),fat-soluble vitamins(VD,and VK 1)(high performance liquid chromatography),and trace elements Cu,Zn,and Fe(flame atomic absorption method)in L.ruthenicum from Ejin Banner of Inner Mongolia,Nuomuhong of Qinghai and Korla of Xinjiang were measured.[Results]The content of proanthocyanidins,VB 2,nicotinamide and VB 12 in L.ruthenicum from Ejin Banner was higher,and the content of Vc,VB 6,Cu,Zn,VD and VK 1 in L.ruthenicum from Nuomuhong was higher,while the content of folic acid and Fe in L.ruthenicum from Korla was higher.The proanthocyanidin content of L.ruthenicum from Ejin Banner was the highest,so it is an ideal plant for extracting proanthocyanidins.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the research,development and utilization of L.ruthenicum from Nuomuhong,Ejin Banner and Korla.

Effects of Different NH_4^+/NO_3^- Ratio and Water Condition on Physiological Characteristics of Rice Seedlings

[Objective] This study aimed to further explore the dynamics of related physiological indexes of rice seedlings under different NH4＋ /NO3- ratio and different water condition. [Method] Under the hydroponic condition in laboratory, 3 NH4＋/NO3- ratios （0/100, 50/50 and 100/0） and 2 water conditions （＋PEG,-PEG） were designed for Fengliangyou 7203. [Result] The root-canopy ratio of rice seedlings increased under any of the NH4＋/NO3- ratios and water conditions. Under water stress, the root-canopy ratio of rice seedlings changed most greatly at the NH4＋/NO3- ratio of 0/ 100; the overall water potential of rice seedlings reached the lowest at the NH4＋/ NO3- ratio of 100/0; and the changes of water potential and xylem flow pH were relatively stable at the NH4＋/NO3- ratio of 50/50. Under the condition of no water stress, the growth of rice seedlings was best at the NH4＋/NO3- ratio of 50/50, followed by the NH4＋/NO3- ratios of 0/100 and 100/0. [Conclusion] This study will pro- vide a basis for understanding the relationship between water potential and xylem flow.

Advances in Studies on Treatment of Hepatic Fibrosis with Dai and Western Medicine

Hepatic fibrosis is a necessary stage in the development of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis.Western medicine drug treatment takes etiological treatment,symptomatic treatment and anti-fibrosis treatment as the main means and aims to protect the liver and improve hepatic function while there are many adverse reactions after long-term administration.However,Dai medicine mainly focuses on balancing the four towers and five aggregates,and regulating the"three plates".Hence it has slight side effects and is safe and effective.Therefore,this paper reviewed the current status of Dai and Western medicine in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis,in order to provide reference for clinical medication.

Application and evaluation of Stanghellini model in the determination of crop evapotranspiration in a naturally ventilated greenhouse

Stanghellini model is one of the few models primarily developed to predict the evapotranspiration of crops(ET_(c))in naturally ventilated greenhouses.However,there are insufficient data on the model regarding its use,particularly in China where solar greenhouses without heating systems are fast spreading for vegetable growth and production.The application of Stanghellini model and the evaluation of its performance using meteorological and tomato plant data generated inside an unheated and naturally ventilated multi-span Venlo-type greenhouse is exploited in this study.Model capability was evaluated by utilizing data from sap flow measurements,meteorological and crop data.Measured meteorological data included solar radiation(R_(s)),air temperature(T_(a)),relative humidity(RH)and net radiation(Rn).Average leaf area index(LAI)values measured during the experimental period were 1.00,3.30,4.05 and 2.93;while determined crop coefficients(K_(c))changed from 0.40,0.62,1.12 to 0.83 for the initial stage,development stage,mid-season stage and late-season stage,respectively.Results from the study indicated that the average hourly ET_(c) values of tomato plants using sap flow measurements were 0.165 mm/h,0.148 mm/h,0.192 mm/h and 0.154 mm/h for the initial stage,development stage,mid-season stage and late-season stage,respectively.Meanwhile,the ET_(c) values obtained from calculation using Stanghellini model were 0.158 mm/h,0.152 mm/h,0.202 mm/h and 0.162 mm/h for the initial stage,development stage,mid-season stage and late-season stage,respectively.These ET_(c) values calculated by the Stanghellini model were close to the measured values within the same period.The coefficients of correlation(R^(2))based on hourly ET_(c) for the calibration data was 0.94 and that of the validation dataset was 0.90.Scatter plots of the estimated and measured hourly ET_(c) revealed that the R^(2) and the slope of the regression line for May,June and July were 0.94,0.90,0.96 and 1.15,0.97,1.10 respectively.These data were well represented around the 1:1 regression line.A model sensitivity analysis carried out illustrates how the changes in R_(s) and T_(a) affect greenhouse ET_(c).Stanghellini model was therefore proven to be suitable for ET_(c) estimation with acceptable accuracy in unheated and naturally ventilated greenhouses in the Northeast region of China.

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of pillararene-doped mesoporous TiO_(2) with extended visible-light response

Pillararenes are a new type of supramolecular hosts,and they have been widely applied in drug delivery,catalysis,separation process,and sensors.However,they have rarely been used to produce hydrogen.Here,we report that pillararenes were used as functional molecules to explore photocatalysts and efficiently promoted hydrogen production from water.The most common and easily synthesized pdimethoxy pillar[5]arene(PI-OMe) was employed to form an organic-inorganic hybrid material with titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),denoted as PI-OMe-TiO_(2).using a convenient sol-gel method.When the material was loaded with Pt nanoparticles,the resulting Pt/PI-OMe-TiO_(2)had a good activity and stability in catalyzing water splitting to produce hydrogen under visible light.The optimized catalyst Pt/PI-OMe-TiO_(2)(5.2 wt%)had a photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 1736 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1) under visible light(λ> 420 nm)irradiation.The catalyst with a Pt loading of 0.5 wt% and a PI-OMe content of 5.2 wt% also showed good long-term durability after 10 cycles of 50 h testing.The total amount of hydrogen produced was65.01 mmol/g,and the corresponding turnover number(TON) value was 2084.Our findings suggest that pillararene derivatives are promising functional molecules to make efficient and stable hybrid photocatalysts with TiO_(2)and open a new door to hydrogen production using visible light.