C-terminal variants of the P2X7 receptor are associated with prostate cancer progression and bonemetastasis–evidence from clinical and pre-clinical data

Dear Editor Bone is the most common site for metastasis in prostate cancer(PCa),and identifying clinically useful biomarkers to predict the risk of currently incurable bone metastases is a major priority in PCa research.Extracellular adenosine triphosphate(ATP)was shown to be a major biochemical constituent of the tumor microenvironment and regulates the tumor and host interactions by acting at P2 purinergic receptors.Among the P2 receptors,the ion channel P2X purinergic receptor 7(P2X7R)has an unusually long C-terminus containing 200 amino acids,which forms the molecular basis for the unique bi-function of P2X7R promoting cancer cell proliferation or inducing membrane permeabilization and apoptosis,upon activation by a low or high concentration of ATP,respectively.

4×4 MIMO fiber-wireless transmission based on an integrated four-channel directly modulated optical transceiver

In this paper, an integrated compact four-channel directly modulated analog optical transceiver is proposed and fabricated. The 3 d B bandwidth of this optical transceiver exceeds 20 GHz, and the measured spurious-free dynamic range is up to 91.2 d B · Hz^2∕3. The optical coupling efficiency(CE) is improved by using a precise submicron alignment technique for lens coupling in a transmitter optical subassembly, and the highest CE is achieved when the oblique angle of the arrayed waveguide grating using a silica-based planar lightwave circuit(AWG-PLC) in receiver optical sub assembly is set to 42°. Based on the proposed optical transceiver, we have experimentally demonstrated a 6.624 Gbit/s 4 × 4 multi-input multioutput(MIMO) 16-quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(16 QAM-OFDM) radio signal over 15.5 km standard single mode fiber, together with 1.2 m wireless transmission in both an uplink and a downlink. To cope with the channel interference and noise of the fiber-wireless transmission system, a low-complexity MIMO demodulation algorithm based on lattice reduction zero-forcing(LR-ZF) is designed. In our experiment, 1.6 d B power penalty is achieved by using the proposed LR-ZF algorithm, compared to the commonly used zero-forcing algorithm.Moreover, this LR-ZF algorithm has much less complexity than the optimal maximum-likelihood sequence estimation(MLSE) at a given transmission performance. These results not only demonstrate the feasibility of the integrated optical transceiver for MIMO fiber-wireless application but also validate that the proposed LR-ZF algorithm is effective to eliminate the interference for hybrid fiber-wireless transmission.

Expression of PC-cell-derived growth factor in breast cancer

This study is mainly aimed at evaluating the expression of PC-cell-derived growth factor(PCDGF)in breast cancer and breast adenofibroma,and to compare with other commonly used clinical pathological indices,then to investigate the diagnostic and targeted therapeutic purpose of PCDGF in breast cancer tissue.In this study,we detected the expression of PCDGF,p53 and CerbB-2 in breast cancer tissue and the expression of PCDGF in breast adenofibroma tissue by immunohistochemical method,and analyzed the relationship between them.We found that PCDGF was expressed in most breast cancer tissue,but was not in breast adenofibroma tissue,and the expression of PCDGF was related with the tumor’s pathological category and the expression of estrogen receptor(ER)and progesterone receptor(PR)and p53,but there was no statistical dependability between PCDGF and cerbB-2.From this study,we predict that PCDGF may serve as a marker in the secondary diagnosis of breast cancer,and may participate in the generation and differentiation of breast cancer cells,and become an effective target of therapy for breast cancer.