Fabrication of Gd_(2)O_(3)-doped CeO_(2)thin films through DC reactive sputtering and their application in solid oxide fuel cells

Physical vapor deposition(PVD)can be used to produce high-quality Gd_(2)O_(3)-doped CeO2(GDC)films.Among various PVD methods,reactive sputtering provides unique benefits,such as high deposition rates and easy upscaling for industrial applications.GDC thin films were successfully fabricated through reactive sputtering using a Gd_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)(at%)metallic target,and their application in solid oxide fuel cells,such as buffer layers between yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)/La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O_(3−δ)and as sublayers in the steel/coating system,was evaluated.First,the direct current(DC)reactive-sputtering behavior of the GdCe metallic target was determined.Then,the GDC films were deposited on NiO-YSZ/YSZ half-cells to investigate the influence of oxygen flow rate on the quality of annealed GDC films.The results demonstrated that reactive sputtering can be used to prepare thin and dense GDC buffer layers without high-temperature sintering.Furthermore,the cells with a sputtered GDC buffer layer showed better electrochemical performance than those with a screen-printed GDC buffer layer.In addition,the insertion of a GDC sublayer between the SUS441 interconnects and the Mn-Co spinel coatings contributed to the reduction of the oxidation rate for SUS441 at operating temperatures,according to the area-specific resistance tests.

Eukaryotic food sources analysis in situ of tropical common sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota based on 18S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing

Sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota is one of the most widespread tropical holothurian species.In this study,eukaryotic organism composition in foregut and hindgut contents of H.leucospilota and surrounding sediments was assessed by 18S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing.Eukaryon richness and diversity in the habitat sediments were significantly higher than those in foregut and hindgut contents of the sea cucumbers(P<0.05).The foregut content group,hindgut content group,and marine sediment group sequences were respectively assigned to 18.20±1.32,19.40±1.03,and 21.80±0.37 phyla.In the foregut contents,Nematoda(20.18%±9.59%),Mollusca(16.12%±10.49%),Chlorophyta(10.04%±4.85%),Annelida(8.72%±10.93%),Streptophyta(8.46%±4.65%),and Diatomea(5.99%±2.01%)were the predominant phyla,which showed the eukaryotic food sources of H.leucospilota were primarily belong to the above phyla.The predominant phyla in the hindgut contents were Streptophyta(45.55%±17.32%),Mollusca(4.93%±4.82%),Arthropoda(5.37%±3.08%),Diatomea(3.88%±2.34%),and Chlorophyta(3.79%±1.59%);and Annelida(37.80%±17.00%),Arthropoda(24.49%±12.53%),Platyhelminthes(7.14%±3.02%),Nematoda(4.14%±0.91%),and Diatomea(5.11%±1.35%)had large contents in the sediments.The comparatively high content of Paris genus in phylum Streptophyta in foregut contents indicated that land plants were one of the primary food sources of H.leucospilota,however the significantly higher contents of Streptophyta in hindgut contents than that in foregut contents might suggest a large part of the terrigenous detritus ingested might not be digested by H.leucospilota.UPGMA and PCoA analysis revealed that eukaryotic organism composition differed significantly between foregut contents of H.leucospilota and ambient sediments,indicating selective feeding feature of H.leucospilota.This study provided useful references for artificial feed of tropical sea cucumbers and enhanced understanding of the ecological roles of detritus-feeding macrobenthos.

Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 9 protects cells against UV-B-provoked apoptosis via NF-κB/p65 activation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cSCC),a type of non-melanoma skin cancer(NMSC),is the most common malignancy worldwide.Thioredoxin(TXN)domain-containing protein 9(TXNDC9)is a member of the TXN family that is important in cell differentiation.However,the biological function of this protein in cancer,particularly cSCC,is still unknown.In the present study,our experiments revealed the protective effects of TXNDC9 on UV-B-irritated cSCC cells.The initial findings showed that TXNDC9 is significantly upregulated in cSCC tissue and cells compared to normal skin tissue and keratinocytes.UV-B radiation robustly induces the expression of TXNDC9,and UV-B-induced cSCC cell death is boosted by TXNDC9 deficiency.Moreover,cSCC cells lacking TXNDC9 displayed attenuated activation of the NF-κB pathway.Additional studies by inhibiting TXNDC9 confirmed this finding,as TXNDC9 deficiency attenuated UV-B radiation-induced translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of cSCC.In conclusion,our work demonstrates the biological roles of TXNDC9 in cSCC progression and may provide a novel therapeutic target to treat cSCC in the future.

天然橡胶混炼胶的四辊压延粘辊问题分析

天然橡胶(NR)混炼胶的流变性能影响后续的挤出、压延等工艺过程。文中分析了轮胎带束层的四辊压延行为,介绍了压延粘辊问题,使用门尼黏度仪和RPA2000橡胶加工分析仪分别测试了由不同产地、不同批次天然生胶所制混炼胶的门尼黏度和动态黏弹性能。结果表明,不同产地、不同批次天然生胶所制混炼胶的门尼黏度接近,难以分辨辊筒操作性能的差异;而损耗模量可以作为关键指标衡量NR混炼胶的辊筒操作性能,在条件相同时易粘辊的混炼胶表现出更高的损耗模量。此外,RPA2000橡胶加工分析仪测得的复数黏度可以用于分辨不同产地、不同批次天然生胶所制混炼胶的辊筒操作性能。降低压延速度能有效改善粘辊问题,这是因为NR混炼胶的储能模量和损耗模量均随加工频率的降低而减小。

Recent Advances in Interface Engineering for Electrocatalytic CO_(2) Reduction Reaction

Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2) RR) can store and transform the intermittent renewable energy in the form of chemical energy for industrial production of chemicals and fuels,which can dramatically reduce CO_(2) emission and contribute to carbon-neutral cycle. E cient electrocatalytic reduction of chemically inert CO_(2) is challenging from thermodynamic and kinetic points of view. Therefore,low-cost,highly e cient,and readily available electrocatalysts have been the focus for promoting the conversion of CO_(2). Very recently,interface engineering has been considered as a highly e ective strategy to modulate the electrocatalytic performance through electronic and/or structural modulation,regulations of electron/proton/mass/intermediates,and the control of local reactant concentration,thereby achieving desirable reaction pathway,inhibiting competing hydrogen generation,breaking binding-energy scaling relations of intermediates,and promoting CO_(2) mass transfer. In this review,we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of current developments in interface engineering for CO_(2) RR from both a theoretical and experimental stand-point,involving interfaces between metal and metal,metal and metal oxide,metal and nonmetal,metal oxide and metal oxide,organic molecules and inorganic materials,electrode and electrolyte,molecular catalysts and electrode,etc. Finally,the opportunities and challenges of interface engineering for CO_(2) RR are proposed.

基于微生物作为智能模板的电催化剂制备与应用研究进展

通过电催化实现可再生能源的存储与转化对于改善能源结构、保护生态环境、实现碳达峰和碳中和的国家战略具有重大意义。而开发低成本、高效的电催化剂成为全世界科学家共同面对的挑战。微生物在自然界中广泛存在,具有结构、组成和代谢丰富的特点,可以成为电催化剂的模板以及碳、磷、硫等非金属元素以及金属元素的来源,而且具有无毒、生产可重复性好、易于规模化等优点,已成为电催化剂制备的新趋势。对此,本文综述了微生物“智能”引导制备电催化剂的发展及在电催化析氢(HER)、电催化析氧(OER)、氧还原反应(ORR)、二氧化碳还原(CO_(2)RR)、锂电池(LBs)等领域的应用现状。希望有助于推动微生物代谢与催化剂微纳结构关系以及与催化反应的构效关系的深入理解,最后针对这类材料的问题挑战及其未来发展方向进行了探讨与展望。

Fabrication of patterned transparent conductive glass via laser metal transfer for efficient electrical heating and antibacteria

Vapor deposition and three-dimensional(3D)printing technology are considered to be conventional methods to achieve patterned metal film preparation through the assistance of masks and high temperature.Therefore,there are still some challenges in fabricating metal films in template-free and normal temperature environment.In this work,we report a flexible and rapid laser metal transfer(LMT)technique for fabricating the various metal films(Cu,Ni,Sn,Al,Fe,and Ag)with different patterns without templates on arbitrary substrates(glass,polyimide(PI)films,and aluminum nitride(AlN)ceramic).Especially,the obtained transparent conductive glass displays high transmittance(more than 90%)and adjustable resistances(≈5Ω).According to the Joule effect,the interface resistance between Cu particles and copper oxide coating produces the high temperature approximately 280℃ at 2 V in a short time(≈60 s)and remains stable at 120℃ over 12 h.At last,the multifunctional glass with Cu patterns also shows excellent bactericidal activity(≈95%).This work demonstrates that laser metal transfer is an exceeding effective means of fabricating the micro/nano structures with potential applications in functional devices.

Ferrocene-induced switchable preparation of metal-nonmetal codoped tungsten nitride and carbide nanoarrays for electrocatalytic HER in alkaline and acid media

Transition metal nitride/carbide(TMN/C)have been actively explored as low-cost hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrocatalysts owing to their Pt-like physical and chemical properties.Unfortunately,pure TMN/C suffers from strong hydrogen adsorption and lacks active centers for water dissociation.Herein,we developed a switchable WO_(3)-based in situ gas–solid reaction for preparing sophisticated Fe-N doped WC and Fe-C doped WN nanoarrays.Interestingly,the switch of codoping and phase can be effectively manipulated by regulating the amount of ferrocene.Resultant Fe-C-WN and Fe-N-WC exhibit robust electrocatalytic performance for HER in alkaline and acid electrolytes,respectively.The collective collaboration of morphological,phase and electronic effects are suggested to be responsible for the superior HER activity.The smallest|ΔGH*|value of Fe-NWC indicates preferable hydrogen-evolving kinetics on the Fe-N-WC surface for HER under acid condition,while Fe-C-WN is suggested to be beneficial to the adsorption and dissociation of H_(2)O for HER in alkaline electrolyte.

Photothermal catalysis for CO_(2) conversion

The conversion of carbon dioxide into useful fuels or chemical feedstocks is of great importance for achieving carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality. The harvesting and conversion of solar energy will provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source for human production and living.Very recently, photothermal catalysis has been proved to exhibit great advantages in reducing the reaction temperature, promoting the catalytic activity, and manipulating the reaction pathway in comparison with traditional thermal catalysis. In this review, we firstly introduced the fundamental mechanisms and categories of photothermal catalysis to understand the synergy or the difference between photochemical and thermochemical reaction pathways. Subsequently, the criteria and strategies for photothermal catalyst design are discussed in order to inspire the development of high-efficiency photothermal catalytic route by achieving intense absorption of broadband solar energy spectrum and high conversion capability of solar-to-heat. Recent progress in CO_(2)reduction achieved by photothermal catalysis was summarized in terms of production types. In the end, the future challenges and perspectives of photothermal catalytic CO_(2)reduction are presented. We hope that this review will not only deepen the understanding of photothermal catalysis, but also inspire the design, preparation and application of high-performance photothermal catalysts, aiming at alleviating non-renewable fossil energy consumption and carbon emissions for early carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality.

过表达MtVP1对马铃薯表型及糖代谢的影响

I型H^(+)-PPase参与糖异生和蔗糖分解代谢,利用不同的糖(蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖)饲喂拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)Ⅰ型H^(+)-PPase基因不同类型的突变体,产生的表型不一致,因此,推测Ⅰ型H^(+)-PPase可能存在其它影响糖代谢的机制。为进一步明确该酶对糖代谢的影响,以过表达MtVP1的马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)渭薯4号为研究对象,观察不同培养条件下的表型,监测糖含量变化,并利用转录组测序分析转录谱。结果表明,过表达MtVP1马铃薯表现出红色茎、紫色花和表皮毛更发达,单株块茎数减少,块茎变大,块茎皱缩速度加快;转基因马铃薯块茎中淀粉、葡萄糖和果糖含量显著下降,芽中葡萄糖和果糖含量也显著下降。果糖饲喂导致转基因马铃薯花青素含量显著降低;转基因马铃薯体内果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶和果糖-2,6-二磷酸酶基因表达上调3–7倍。研究结果为进一步从糖代谢角度探究Ⅰ型H^(+)-PPase的生理功能提供参考。

Sirt1-ROS-TRAF6 Signaling-Induced Pyroptosis Contributes to Early Injury in Ischemic Mice

Stroke is an acute cerebro-vascular disease with high incidence and poor prognosis,most commonly ischemic in nature.In recent years,increasing attention has been paid to inflammatory reactions as symptoms of a stroke.However,the role of inflammation in stroke and its underlying mechanisms require exploration.In this study,we evaluated the inflammatory reactions induced by acute ischemia and found that pyroptosis occurred after acute ischemia both in vivo and in vitro,as determined by interleukin-1β,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein,and caspase-1.The early inflammation resulted in irreversible ischemic injury,indicating that it deserves thorough investigation.Meanwhile,acute ischemia decreased the Sirtuin 1(Sirtl)protein levels,and increased the TRAF6(TNF receptor associated factor 6)protein and reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.In further exploration,both Sirtl suppression and TRAF6 activation were found to contribute to this pyroptosis.Reduced Sirtl levels were responsible for the production of ROS and increased TRAF6 protein levels after ischemic exposure.Moreover,N-acetyl-L-cysteine,an ROS scavenger,suppressed the TRAF6 accumulation induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation via suppression of ROS bursts.These phenomena indicate that Sirtl is upstream of ROS,and ROS bursts result in increased TRAF6 levels.Further,the activation of Sirtl during the period of ischemia reduced ischemiainduced injury after 72 h of reperfusion in mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion.In sum,these results indicate that pyroptosis-dependent machinery contributes to the neural injury during acute ischemia via the Sirt1-ROS-TRAF6 signaling pathway.We propose that inflammatory reactions occur soon after oxidative stress and are detrimental to neuronal survival;this provides a promising therapeutic target against ischemic injuries such as a stroke.

Nanostructure@metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)for catalytic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))conversion in photocatalysis,electrocatalysis,and thermal catalysis

The catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into high value-added chemicals is of great significance to address the pressing carbon cycle issues.Reticular chemistry of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)-based materials exhibits great potential and effectiveness to face CO_(2)challenge from capture to conversion.To date,the integrated nanocomposites of nanostructure and MOF have emerged as a powerful heterogeneous catalysts featured with multifold advantages including synergistic effects between the two interfaces,confinement effect of meso-and micropores,tandem reaction triggered by multiple active sites,high stability and dispersion,and so on.Given burgeoning carbon cycle and nanostructure@MOFs,this review highlights some of important advancements to provide a full understanding on the synthesis and design of nanostructure@MOFs composites to facilitate carbon cycle through CO_(2)photocatalytic,electrocatalytic,and thermal conversion.Afterward,the catalytic applications of some representative nanostructure@MOFs composites are categorized,in which the origin of activity or structure-activity relationship is summarized.Finally,the opportunities and challenges are proposed for inspiring the future development of nanostructure@MOFs composites for carbon cycle.

碱刻蚀法构建膨化FexCoyNi1-x-yP四元阵列及其高效裂解水性能

设计和构建低成本、高效、高稳定性双功能电催化剂用于全解水生产氢气燃料是非常吸引人的研究,同时也充满挑战.我们精心构建了膨化四元FexCoyNi1-x-yP纳米阵列作为双功能电催化剂用于全解水.通过引入铁元素调节磷化镍钴的电子结构,可增加磷和金属的正电荷分布,从而可实现电催化析氢过程中对氢原子吸附脱附平衡,有利于水分子的吸附和解离.在电子调控的基础上,我们采用动力学控制碱刻蚀的方法优化催化剂的形貌结构,获得了膨化纳米阵列.膨化结构具有丰富的孔结构、空腔以及晶格缺陷,有利于更多活性位点的暴露和传质.膨化FexCoyNi1-x-yP只需25和230 mV过电势即可分别实现产氢和产氧.利用膨化FexCoyNi1-x-yP作为阳极和阴极搭建的电解池只需1.48 V即可实现全解水,并在较高电流中表现出优异的稳定性.我们期望协同优化电子和形貌结构促进电催化反应过程的研究思路对廉价高效稳定双功能电催化剂的研究有所启发.

Multi-interface collaboration of graphene cross-linked NiS-NiS_(2)-Ni_(3)S_(4) polymorph foam towards robust hydrogen evolution in alkaline electrolyte

Electrocatalytic hydrogen production in alkaline media is extensively adopted in industry. Unfortunately, further performance improvement is severely impeded by the retarded kinetics, which requires the fine regulation of water dissociation, hydrogen recombination, and hydroxyl desorption. Herein, we develop a multi-interface engineering strategy to make an elaborate balance for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics. The graphene cross-linked three-phase nickel sulfide (NiS-NiS_(2)-Ni_(3)S_(4)) polymorph foam (G-NNNF) was constructed through hydrothermal sulfidation of graphene wrapped nickel foam as a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold template. The G-NNNF exhibits superior catalytic activity toward HER in alkaline electrolyte, which only requires an overpotential of 68 mV to drive 10 mA·cm^(−2) and is better than most of the recently reported metal sulfides catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations verify the interfaces between nickel sulfides (NiS/NiS_(2)-Ni_(3)S_(4)) and cross-linked graphene can endow the electrocatalyst with preferable hydrogen adsorption as well as metallic nature. In addition, the electron transfer from Ni_(3)S_(4)/NiS_(2) to NiS results in the electron accumulation on NiS and the hole accumulation on Ni_(3)S_(4)/NiS_(2), respectively. The electron accumulation on NiS favors the optimization of the H* adsorption, whereas the hole accumulation on Ni_(3)S_(4) is beneficial for the adsorption of H_(2)O. The work about multi-interface collaboration pushes forward the frontier of excellent polymorph catalysts design.

Confined interface engineering of self-supported Cu@N-doped graphene for electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction with enhanced selectivity towards ethanol

Electroreduction of greenhouse gas CO_(2) into value-added fuels and chemicals provides a promising pathway to address the issues of energy crisis and environmental change.However,the regulations of the selectivity towards C2 product and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)are major challenges for CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).Here,we develop an interface-enhanced strategy by depositing a thin layer of nitrogen-doped graphene(N-G)on a Cu foam surface(Cu-N-G)to selectively promote the ethanol pathway in CO_(2)RR.Compared to the undetectable ethanol selectivity of pure Cu and Cu@graphene(Cu-G),Cu-N-G has boosted the ethanol selectivity to 33.1%in total Faradic efficiency(FE)at−0.8 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE).The experimental and density functional theory(DFT)results verify that the interconnected graphene coating can not only serve as the fast charge transport channel but also provide confined nanospace for mass transfer.The N doping can not only trigger the intrinsic interaction between N in N-G and CO_(2) molecule for enriching the local concentration of reactants but also promote the average valence state of Cu for C–C coupling pathways.The confinement effect at the interface of Cu-N-G can not only provide high adsorbed hydrogen(Had)coverage but also stabilize the key*HCCHOH intermediate towards ethanol pathway.The provided interface-enhanced strategy herein is expected to inspire the design of Cubased CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts towards multi-carbon products.

用于电催化CO_(2)还原的新兴双原子位点催化剂(DASCs)

用于生产高附加值燃料和化学品的电化学CO_(2)还原反应(CO_(2)RR)为实现全球碳中和提供了一种有前景的方法.近年来,单原子催化剂(SACs)由于金属的最大原子利用率和独特的催化性能受到越来越多的关注.相比之下,除了具有单原子催化剂的上述优点外,双原子位点催化剂(DASCs)还可以通过调节另一种相邻金属从而实现更复杂、可调的原子结构.作为SAC的更深层次的延伸,DASCs可以为CO_(2)RR带来新的机遇,最近引起了人们的浓厚兴趣.本文中,我们重点介绍了DASCs在提升CO_(2)RR性能方面的最新进展.首先,根据双原子活性位点的几何结构和电子配置,对DASCs的分类、合成和证实进行了讨论.之后,根据结合型、异核和同核双原子位点对DASCs在CO_(2)RR中的催化应用进行了分类.特别是通过系统地分析反应途径和原子结构,详细总结了DASCs在CO_(2)RR中的构效关系.最后,提出了未来设计DASCs面临的机遇和挑战,以启发设计具有高结构精度和高CO_(2)RR活性、选择性的DASCs.

双金属酞菁异质结构高选择性电催化CO_(2)还原

自工业革命以来,化石燃料的大量消耗导致大气中CO_(2)浓度显著增加,引发了全球气候变暖等问题.电化学CO_(2)还原能够利用可再生能源产生的间歇性电力可持续地将CO_(2)转化为高附加值化学品或燃料,是实现碳中和的有效途径.目前,非均相分子催化剂如金属酞菁能够有效催化CO_(2)还原反应(CO_(2)RR),但是分子催化剂异质结构的合理设计与合成仍极具挑战.基于此,我们发展了一种具有高结晶度的双金属酞菁异质结构(CoPc/FePc HS),其电催化CO_(2)还原为CO的法拉第效率高达99%,并在运行10小时后性能基本保持不变.密度泛函理论计算表明,FePc和CoPc之间不同的电子转移模式能够有效提高CO_(2)RR性能.构筑分子催化剂异质结构有望成为CO_(2)RR性能提升的有效策略.

Clusterphene:A new two-dimensional structure from cluster selfassembly

Since the advent of graphene in 2004,two-dimensional(2D)materials had ignited the development of fascinating functional materials for almost 20 years.Currently,the main members of 2D materials family are graphene,transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs,MoS_(2),WS_(2),and others),MXenes(Ti_(3)C_(2),Ta_(4)C_(3),and others),Xenes(B,Si,P,Ge,and Sn),organic materials(COF,covalent organic frameworks),etc.The unique sheet-like morphology(single-or few-atomic-layer thickness)endow 2D materials with unconventional physicochemical properties for promising applications in catalysis,energy storage/conversion,electronics,biomedicine,sensors,etc.Nevertheless,the exploration and preparation of novel twodimensional materials with desired characteristics through highly controlled strategy remains one of the major challenges in this field.In a recent work from Nature Chemistry published on 10 February 2022,Liu et al.reported a new member,clusterphene,in the family of two-dimensional materials.

Steering spatially separated dual sites on nano-TiO_(2)through SMSI and lattice matching for robust photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Spatial isolation of different functional sites at the nanoscale in multifunctional catalysts for steering reaction sequence and paths remains a major challenge.Herein,we reported the spatial separation of dual-site Au and RuO_(2)on the nanosurface of TiO_(2)(Au/TiO_(2)/RuO_(2))through the strong metal-support interaction(SMSI)and the lattice matching(LM)for robust photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.The SMSI between Au and TiO_(2)induced the encapsulation of Au nanoparticles by an impermeable TiO_(x)overlayer,which can function as a physical separation barrier to the permeation of the second precursor.The LM between RuO_(2)and rutile-TiO_(2)can increase the stability of RuO_(2)/TiO_(2)interface and thus prevent the aggregation of dual-site Au and RuO_(2)in the calcination process of removing TiO_(x)overlayer of Au.The photocatalytic hydrogen production is used as a model reaction to evaluate the performance of spatially separated dual-site Au/TiO_(2)/RuO_(2)catalysts.The rate of hydrogen production of the Au/TiO_(2)/RuO_(2)is as high as 84μmol h^(−1)g^(−1)under solar light irradiation without sacrificial agents,which is 2.5 times higher than the reference Au/TiO_(2)and non-separated Au/RuO_(2)/TiO_(2)samples.Systematic characterizations verify that the spatially separated dual-site Au and RuO_(2)on the nanosurface of TiO_(2)can effectively separate the photo-generated carriers and lower the height of the Schottky barrier,respectively,under UV and visible light irradiation.This study provides new inspiration for the precise construction of different sites in multifunctional catalysts.