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Fundamental Principles behind Climate Change
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作者 haiyan dai 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 2024年第4期21-23,共3页
The attribution of climate change is complex,and the current mainstream view is more inclined towards human activities and carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels.Any complex problem is composed of basic principles... The attribution of climate change is complex,and the current mainstream view is more inclined towards human activities and carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels.Any complex problem is composed of basic principles.This article elaborates on the basic logic behind climate change(a global hot topic)through basic principles such as reaction types,carbon thermal properties of biomass energy,greenhouse gas attribution,ecological basic theory,and energy cycle. 展开更多
关键词 Climate change Feedback mechanisms Fundamental principles DISASTERS
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评估帕博利珠单抗在中国晚期黑色素瘤患者中的应用:基于KEYNOTE-151研究的3年随访数据
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作者 Lu Si Xiaoshi Zhang +17 位作者 Yongqian Shu Hongming Pan Di Wu Jiwei Liu Lili Mao Xuan Wang Xizhi Wen Yanhong Gu Lingjun Zhu Shijie Lan Xin Cai Scott J.Diede haiyan dai Cuizhen Niu Jianfeng Li Jun Guo 李雯钰(翻译校对) 斯璐(点评) 《癌症》 CAS 2023年第8期437-450,共14页
中国肢端和黏膜黑色素瘤的发病率较高,但治疗选择有限,晚期黑色素瘤患者的生存率普遍较低。对Ib期KEYNOTE-151研究的初步分析显示,帕博利珠单抗在作为二线药物治疗中国晚期黑色素瘤患者中,表现出了良好的耐受性和优异的临床抗肿瘤活性... 中国肢端和黏膜黑色素瘤的发病率较高,但治疗选择有限,晚期黑色素瘤患者的生存率普遍较低。对Ib期KEYNOTE-151研究的初步分析显示,帕博利珠单抗在作为二线药物治疗中国晚期黑色素瘤患者中,表现出了良好的耐受性和优异的临床抗肿瘤活性。本研究分析了3年随访的研究数据,纳入一线治疗后进展的不可切除的III/IV期中国黑色素瘤患者,给予帕博利珠单抗2 mg/kg治疗,每3周1次,最长使用35剂。主要终点为安全性和客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR);次要终点包括疗效维持时间(duration of response,DOR)、无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS)。根据RECIST v1.1标准,采用独立中心盲法评估患者疗效。此外,根据黑色素瘤亚型,以及BRAF突变状态和PD-L1表达状态(仅肢端黑色素瘤)进行亚组分析。本研究共纳入103例患者,中位随访时间[从首次用药到数据截止时间(2020年7月13日)]为44.6个月[四分位距(interquartile range,IQR):39.1–46.2]。85.4%的患者发生了任一级别的治疗相关不良事件(treatment-related adverse events,TRAEs),12.6%的患者发生了3/4级的TRAEs,无5级TRAE发生。3例患者因TRAEs(免疫相关肝炎、肺炎和关节炎)停药。免疫相关AEs和输液反应发生比例为34.0%(3/4级,2.9%)。ORR为17.6%(95%CI:10.8–26.4;1例完全缓解/17例部分缓解),中位DOR为13.8个月(范围:2.7–37.4+)。中位PFS为2.8个月(95%CI:2.7–3.5),36个月的PFS率为5.0%。中位OS为13.2个月(95%CI:10.4–16.5),36个月的OS率为22.3%。肢端黑色素瘤中位OS为14.8个月,非肢端皮肤黑色素瘤为13.5个月,黏膜黑色素瘤为7.4个月。在肢端黑色素瘤亚组中,程序性死亡配体-1(programmed death ligand-1,PD-L1)阳性的中位OS为22.8个月,PD-L1阴性的中位OS为8.4个月,BRAF野生型的中位OS为18.5个月,BRAF突变型的中位OS为5.8个月。综上,本研究对3年随访数据分析结果表明,帕博利珠单抗作为二线治疗在中国晚期黑色素瘤患者中的安全性可控,且达到了具有临床意义的抗肿瘤活性,使部分患者获得持久缓解。亚组分析表明PD-L1阳性和BRAF野生型的肢端黑色素瘤患者从该治疗中获益较大,但由于亚组样本量较小,该研究结论仍需进一步验证。 展开更多
关键词 帕博利珠单抗 PD-1 PD-L1 晚期黑色素瘤 皮肤/肢端黑色素瘤 黏膜黑色素瘤
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Quantitative Study on the Grade of Forest Combustibles Based on "3S" Technology
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作者 Xinghua LI Xiaolong SUN +1 位作者 haiyan dai Suhua CHEN 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2020年第6期68-72,共5页
Based on a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution,periodic changes,and influencing factors of forest fires in Inner Mongolia,through fixed-point observations and experiments on ... Based on a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution,periodic changes,and influencing factors of forest fires in Inner Mongolia,through fixed-point observations and experiments on the ground,forest combustibles are divided into the ground litter layer,ground standing litter,and living plants.The combustibles are divided into various grades according to their load,dryness and combustibility.By determining the influencing factors of each combustible grade,a forecast model of the combustibility grade of combustibles is established.The forecast model has been widely used in the mid-and long-term forecast model of fire danger grade,and the accuracy rate of the fall area forecast through back-generation fitting verification is above 88.43%. 展开更多
关键词 3S technology Forest combustibles Quantitative research Fire danger grade
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