3D打印个体化模具在宫颈癌近距离治疗中的应用

目的:通过3D打印个体化模具辅助插植,降低宫颈癌近距离治疗难度。方法:前瞻性研究2019年6月至2020年7月30例于重庆大学附属肿瘤医院行根治性放化疗宫颈鳞状细胞癌患者,随机分为15例3D打印组(试验组)和15例通用施源器组(对照组)。评估两组治疗情况、靶区适形指数(coformity index,CI)、高危临床靶区(high-risk clinical target area,HR-CTV)90%体积的最低吸收剂量(D90)、危及器官(organs-at-risk,OARs)受量及临床治疗结果。结果:试验组无子宫穿孔,对照组子宫穿孔率为8.97%(7/78)。试验组的CI为0.81±0.01,与对照组的0.61±0.01相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组HR-CTV D90及膀胱的分次/总外照射等效剂量(equivalent dose in 2 Gy per fraction,EQD2)分别为6.65±0.06/91.84±1.35及3.75±0.07/71.02±1.39,与对照组的6.17±0.06/88.59±0.11及4.09±0.07/74.81±1.50相比,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。试验组直肠及乙状结肠的受量降低,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),试验组治疗结束后3个月完全缓解(complete response,CR)率为93.33%(14/15),与对照组的86.67%(13/15)相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:3D打印个体化模具在辅助宫颈癌近距离插植治疗中有明显的优势,操作简单、安全性高、有利于组织间插植技术推广。

Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis by a direct-current,cold atmospheric-pressure air plasma microjet

Objective： A direct-current, cold atmospheric-pressure air plasma microjet （PMJ） was performed to inactivate Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus） and Enterococcusfaecalis （E. faecalis） in air. The process of sterilization and morphology of bacteria was observed. We wish to know the possible inactivation mechanisms of PMJ and explore a potential application in dental and other temperature sensitive treatment. Methods： In this study, we employed a direct current, atmospheric pressure, cold air PMJ to inactivate bacterias. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to evaluate the morphology of S. aureus and showed rupture of cell walls after the plasma treatment and Optical emission spectrum （OES） were used to understand the possible inactivation mechanisms of PMJ. Re- suits＂ The inactivation rates could reach 100% in 5 min. When the distance between the exit nozzle of the PMJ device and Petri dish was extended from 1 cm to 3 cm, effective inactivation was also observed with a similar inactivation curve. Conclusion： The inactivation of bacteria is attributed to the abundant reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as ultroviolet radiation in the plasma. Different life spans and defensibilities of these killing agents may hold the key to understanding the different inactivation curves at different treatment distances.

First observation of domoic acid and its isomers in shellfish samples from Shandong Province,China

A total of 133 shellfish samples were collected in seven cities of Shandong Province,China,from May to October,2019.The domoic acid(DA)concentrations were determined by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),and their distribution characteristics were investigated.DA concentration was detected high in over 1/3(36.1%)of the samples of four kinds of shellfish in all three seasons in range from 0 to 102μg/kg.The highest DA concentrations were 102,101,36.7,and 10.2μg/kg in Crassostrea gigas,Chlamys farreri,Mactra veneriformis,and Mytilus edulis,respectively.Geographically,Yantai(22.0μg/kg)and Weihai(16.9μg/kg)showed relatively high concentrations of DA,whereas Rizhao and Dongying presented only 0.85-and 1.76-μg/kg DA,respectively.DA concentrations in the shellfish samples were strongly related to seasonal changes,being significantly higher in autumn and summer than that in spring.The DA risk exposure assessments indicate that dietary seafood consumption did not pose a health threat to general human population.In addition,three isomers(isoA,isoD,isoE)and 5′-epimer DA were detected in 3.00%-15.80%of the shellfish samples.This study is the first to observe DA and its isomers in shellfish samples of Shandong Province.The results demonstrate that DA contamination is very common and should be continuously monitored.

Phytoplankton community dynamics during Alexandrium blooms in 2019 off the Qinhuangdao coast,Bohai Sea,China

Alexandrium blooms in the northwest area of the Bohai Sea(Qinhuangdao coastal area),China,produce large amounts of toxins that could be enriched in shellfish and consequently harm human bodies.To understand the succession of the phytoplankton community structure during Alexandrium bloom events in the northwest area of the Bohai Sea off Qinhuangdao from April 2 to May 7,2019,microscopy observations and high-performance chromatography(HPLC)-pigment analysis were performed.Sixty species of phytoplankton were identified,mainly diatoms and dinofl agellates.The abundance of Alexandrium reached the maximum on April 16(3.3×10^(3) cells/L).HPLC-pigment CHEMTAX analysis showed that the phytoplankton community was composed mainly of diatoms,dinofl agellates,prasinophytes,and cryptophytes.Diatoms were the main contributor to the total Chl-a pool.There was a downward trend for the proportion of diatom biomass to the total Chl-a pool,followed by an upward trend.The proportion of dinoflagellate biomass showed the opposite trend,whereas that of the prasinophyte biomass presented an obvious increasing trend.Temperature,nutrients,and nutrient structures were the main factors on the distribution of different phytoplankton groups in the study area as shown in the redundancy analysis.This work illustrates the succession of phytoplankton community structures during Alexandrium blooms and provided a theoretical basis for studies on the mechanism underlying the outbreak of harmful algal blooms in sea areas.

Visualizing light-to-electricity conversion process in InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells with a p-n junction

Absorption and carrier transport behavior plays an important role in the light-to-electricity conversion process, which is difficult to characterize. Here we develop a method to visualize such a conversion process in the InGaN/GaN multiquantum wells embedded in a p-n junction. Under non-resonant absorption conditions, a photocurrent was generated and the photoluminescence intensity decayed by more than 70% when the p-n junction out-circuit was switched from open to short. However, when the excitation photon energy decreased to the resonant absorption edge, the photocurrent dropped drastically and the photoluminescence under open and short circuit conditions showed similar intensity. These results indicate that the escaping of the photo-generated carriers from the quantum wells is closely related to the excitation photon energy.

An Epsilon Half Normal Slash Distribution and Its Applications to Nonnegative Measurements

We introduce a new class of the slash distribution using the epsilon half normal distribution. The newly defined model extends the slashed half normal distribution and has more kurtosis than the ordinary half normal distribution. We study the characterization and properties including moments and some measures based on moments of this distribution. A simulation is conducted to investigate asymptotically the bias properties of the estimators for the parameters. We illustrate its use on a real data set by using maximum likelihood estimation.

Taxonomy and toxin profi le of harmful benthic Prorocentrum(Dinophyceae)species from the Xisha Islands,South China Sea

Some benthic Prorocentrum can produce okadaic acid(OA)and dinophysistoxins(DTXs)that cause diarrheic shellfish poisoning(DSP)in humans.The diversity and toxin profi les(OA and DTXs)of benthic Prorocentrum were investigated in the Xisha Islands,South China Sea.The benthic Prorocentrum was identified by both morphological features and molecular phylogenies.Morphologies were examined by light,fluorescence,and scanning electron microscopy,and phylogenetic analyses were based on partial large subunit(LSU)rDNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2(ITS)region.Seven Prorocentrum species including P.borbonicum,P.caipirignum,P.concavum,P.elegans,P.cf.emarginatum,P.lima complex,and P.rhathymum were identified in Xisha Islands.Among them,P.borbonicum and P.elegans were recorded in Chinese waters for the first time.OA and DTXs contents of seven benthic Prorocentrum species were evaluated based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).All Xisha Islands strains of P.lima complex produced OA at contents ranging from 1663 to 3816 fg/cell.P.caipirignum also generated OA at 407 fg/cell,but other five species had no detectable toxins.Besides,interestingly,two strains of P.lima complex produced DTX-1 only(74 and 183 fg/cell)and another two strains generated an isomer of OA and DTX-2.Our findings provided insight into the biodiversity of benthic Prorocentrum in the Xisha Islands and pointed out the potential risk of DSP in this area.

Thermal processing induced release and degradation of paralytic shellfish toxin from mussels Mytilus edulis

Understanding the risk factors associated with shellfish consumption is a relevant public health concern because of the potential adverse ef fects of paralytic shellfish toxins(PSTs).This work aims to study the effects of the five most common heating treatments(steaming,boiling,frying,water-bath heating,and microwaving),for different processing times and temperature/power settings,on the content of PSTs in mussels(Mytilus edulis)collected in Qinhuangdao,China.The toxin concentration,removal percentages,and toxin distribution in the cooking liquor and meat were examined.The five processing modes effectively accelerated toxin release into the cooking liquor.The average percentage removal was 73.53%±16.50%from tissues.Microwaving led to the most significant toxin degradation among the methods tested.These findings should facilitate risk assessment of PSTs in mussels.

Grey GRM(1, 1) Model Based on Reciprocal Accumulated Generating and Its Application

Aiming the problem of low accuracy during establishing grey model in which monotonically decreasing sequence data and traditional modeling methods are used, this paper applied the reciprocal accumulated generating and the approach optimizing grey derivative which is based on three points to deduce the calculation formulas for model parameters, established grey GRM(1, 1) model based on reciprocal accumulated generating. It provides a new method for the grey modeling. The example validates the practicability and reliability of the proposed model.

The Current Situation and Development Prospect of Mechanized Foxtail Millet Seeding in China

Based on the analysis of the present application of millet mechanization planting machines, we summarized the basic situation of millet mechanization planting machines at present stage to improve of planting efficiency and develop mechanization, and made suggestions on millet sowing mechanization.

污水源换热器的设计

本文在分析了我国水资源利用的情况下,提出了污水的再生利用和回收污水中的低品位能源是解决污水资源化的主要手段。利用污水源热泵系统采暖供冷是回收污水中能量的关键技术,尤其是系统中的污水换热器是设计重点。本文提出采用管壳式污水换热器进行能量回收,并开发了设计程序,可对不同季节,不同外界参数的换热器进行设计,并进行结构优化。最后以夏季污水工况为例,给出了设计结果。

ALKBH5 gene polymorphisms and risk of neuroblastoma in Chinese children from Jiangsu Province

Background:Neuroblastoma is one of the most common extracranial malignant solid tumors in children.AlkB homolog 5(ALKBH5)is an RNA N6-methyladenosine(m6A)demethylase that plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and development.We assessed the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in ALKBH5 and the risk of neuroblastoma in a case-control study including 402 patients and 473 non-cancer controls.Methods:Genotyping was determined by the TaqMan method.The association between ALKBH5 polymorphisms(rs1378602 and rs8400)and the risk of neuroblastoma was evaluated using the odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI).Results:We found no strong association of ALKBH5 rs1378602 and rs8400 with neuroblastoma risk.Further stratification analysis by age,sex,primary site,and clinical stage showed that the rs1378602 AG/AA genotype was associated with a lower risk of neuroblastoma in males(adjusted OR=0.58,95%CI=0.35–0.97,p=0.036)and children with retroperitoneal neuroblastoma(adjusted OR=0.58,95%CI=0.34–0.98,p=0.040).Conclusions:ALKBH5 SNPs do not seem to be associated with neuroblastoma risk.More studies are required to confirm this negative result and reveal the relationship between gene polymorphisms of the m6A modifier ALKBH5 and neuroblastoma.

Promoting interactions between cognitive science and large language models

Large language models(LLMs)have made unprecedented progress,demonstrating human-like language proficiency and an extraordinary ability to encode complex knowledge.The emergence of high-level cognitive capabilities in LLMs,such as in-context learning and complex reasoning,suggests a path toward the realization of artificial general intelligence(AGI).However,we lack scientific theories and tools to assess and interpret such an emergence of the advanced intelligence of LLMs.Artificial intelligence(AI)has been extensively applied in various areas of fundamental science to accelerate scientific research.

南通市介入相关医务人员工作压力研究

目的了解介入相关医务人员工作压力现状,探索工作压力的影响因素,为提高介入相关医务人员社会心理健康及工作状态的干预措施相关研究提供参考。方法编制《介入相关医务人员工作压力现状调查问卷》,采用一般人口学资料调查表、工作压力源量表对南通市所有三级医院介入相关医务人员进行问卷调查,收集相关数据,并通过采用SPSS 24.0统计软件进行数据分析,包括独立样本t检验、方差分析以及回归分析等。结果采用Likert 5分计分法分非常同意、同意、无意见、不同意、非常不同意5个选项,分别赋予5至1分值,得分如下:南通市三级医院介入相关医务人员工作压力得分(3.78±0.806),处于偏高水平,排在前三位的是来自工作负荷得分(3.54±0.85),外部环境得分(3.45±0.87),组织管理得分(3.20±0.74),其他维度得分分别是职业前景得分(2.73±0.87),医患关系得分(2.71±0.83),工作兴趣得分(2.68±0.68),人际关系得分(2.04±0.85)。结论南通市介入相关医务人员工作压力较大,主要压力源来自工作负荷、外部环境和组织管理方面的压力。36~40岁的介入相关医务人员工作压力要高于其他年龄组,男性高于女性,减轻工作压力,提高心理健康水平,有助于减少介入相关医务人员的职业倦怠。

Degradation of pyrene by immobilized microorganisms in saline-alkaline soil

Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） is very difficult in saline-alkaline soil due to the inhibition of microbial growth under saline-alkaline stress. The microorganisms that can most effectively degrade PAHs were screened by introducing microorganisms immobilized on farm byproducts and assessing the validity of the immobilizing technique for PAHs degradation in pyrene-contaminated saline-alkaline soil. Among the microorganisms examined, it was found that Mycobacterium sp. B2 is the best, and can degrade 82.2% and 83.2% of pyrene for free and immobilized cells after 30 days of incubation. The immobilization technique could increase the degradation of pyrene significantly, especially for fungi. The degradation of pyrene by the immobilized microorganisms Mucor sp. F2, fungal consortium MF and co-cultures of MB＋MF was increased by 161.7% （P 〈 0.05）, 60.1% （P 〈 0.05） and 59.6% （P 〈 0.05） after 30 days, respectively, when compared with free F2, MF and MB＋ME Scanning electron micrographs of the immobilized microstructure proved the positive effects of the immobilized microbial technique on pyrene remediation in saline- alkaline soil, as the interspace of the carder material structure was relatively large, providing enough space for cell growth. Co-cultures of different bacterial and fungal species showed different abilities to degrade PAHs. The present study suggests that Mycobacterium sp. B2 can be employed for in situ bioremediation of PAHs in saline-alkaline soil, and immobilization of fungi on farm byproducts and nutrients as carriers will enhance fungus PAil-degradation ability in saline-alkaline soil.

Relationship between iNOS expression and apoptosis in cerebral tissue, and the effect of Sini injection in endotoxin shock rats

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic changes and relationship of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and apoptosis in endotoxin shock rats, as well as the effects of Sini injection. METHODS: In total, 102 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group (n=6, NG), sham operation group (n=24, OG), model group (n=24, MG), dexamethasone group (n=24, DG), and Sini group (n=24, SG). The endotoxin shock model was induced by an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (8 mg/kg). Rats in the OG, MG, DG, and SG groups were further divided into 4 groups: 1, 2, 3 and 6 h after shock groups (n=6 per group). iNOS expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Mediated Deoxyuridine Triphosphate-biotin Nick End Labeling was employed to measure apoptosis. RESULTS: No iNOS expression was found in the OG group. Compared with the OG group, iNOS expres-sion in the MG group was markedly elevated, reached a peak at 1 h (P<0.01), decreased at 2 and 3 h, and rebounded at 6 h. Compared with the MG group, iNOS expression decreased significantly in both the DG (P<0.05) and SG (P<0.01) groups at 6 h. Thenumberofapoptoticcellsin the MG group was markedly increased than that in the NG and OG (P<0.01) groups, and reached a peak at 6 h. The number of apoptotic cells in the DG group at 1 and 2 h (P<0.01) and SG group at 2, 3 and 6 h (P<0.01) decreased when compared with the MG group. CONCLUSION: Sini injection can significantly inhibit NO generation, which decreases apoptosis and subsequently protects the brain from endotoxic shock.

Pertuzumab in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy for Chinese patients with HER2-positive metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer:a subpopulation analysis of the JACOB trial

Background:The JACOB trial(NCT01774786)was a double-blinded,placebo-controlled,randomized,multicenter,international,phase III trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding pertuzumab to trastuzumab and chemo-therapy in first-line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive metastatic gastric cancer/gastroesophageal junction cancer(GEJC).The aim of this analysis was to investigate efficacy and safety outcomes in the Chinese subpopulation from the JACOB trial.Methods:This post hoc subpopulation analysis included all patients recruited in China's Mainland(n=163;20.9%)between June 2013 and January 2016.The patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy(pertuzumab group;n=82)or placebo plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy(con-trol group;n=81).Intravenous pertuzumab(840 mg)and trastuzumab(8 mg/kg loading and 6 mg/kg maintenance doses)were given every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.Chemotherapy was given as per standard regimens/doses of capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS);secondary efficacy endpoints included progression-free survival(PFS),and overall objective response rate(ORR).Results:The median OS was 18.7 months in the pertuzumab group and 16.1 months in the control group(hazard ratio[HR]0.75;95%confidence interval[CI]0.49 to 1.14).The median PFS was 10.5 and 8.6 months in the pertuzumab and control groups,respectively(HR 0.85;95%CI 0.60 to 1.21),and the median ORRs were 68.9%and 55.7%,respectively.The treatment effect in this Chinese subpopulation showed consistency with that in the global ITT population with numerically lower HR for OS and PFS compared with the control group.The safety profiles of the pertuzumab and control groups in this Chinese subpopulation analysis were generally comparable.The most common grade 3-5adverse events were neutropenia,anemia,and leukopenia.However,due to the nature of being a post hoc subgroup analysis,the results presented here are descriptive only and need to be interpreted with caution.Conclusions:OS and PFS were numerically improved by adding pertuzumab to trastuzumab and chemotherapy as first-line treatment in Chinese HER2-positive gastric cancer/GEJC patients,and this regimen demonstrated an acceptable safety profile.

Synthesis,structure and optical properties of novel thermally robust Dy^(3+)-doped Ca_(9)Sc(PO_(4))_(7) phosphors for NUV-excited white LEDs

The powder samples of Ca_(9)Sc(PO_(4))_(7):xDy^(^(3+))white emitting phosphors were prepared via a solid state reaction technique.The Ca_(9)Sc(PO_(4))_(7):Dy^(3+)samples were researched by using the GSAS Rietveld refinement and X-ray diffraction(XRD) methods,and SEM images and elemental maps were recorded.Under 350 nm excitatio n,the emission spectra of Ca_(9)Sc(PO_(4))_(7):xDy^(3+)samples have two obvious peaks and one weak peak at 484,572 and660 nm,corresponding to the characteristic electron transitions of(^(4)F_(9/2)→ ^(6)H_(15/2),blue),(^(4)F_(9/2)→ ^(6)H_(13/2),yellow) and(^(4)F_(9/2)→ 6 H11/2,red),respectively.The concentration quenching effect,decay lifetime and thermal quenching of the as-synthesized Ca_(9)Sc(PO_(4))_(7):Dy^(3+)samples were researched systematically.The Ca_(9)Sc(PO_(4))_(7):0.02 Dy^(3+)phosphor possesses a good thermal stability,of which the emission intensity at 423 K can maintain 79% of the initial value(273 K).In addition,through the study of the chro maticity coordinates of the Ca_(9)Sc(PO_(4))_(7):0.02 Dy^(3+)phosphor,it is found that it is located in the white region,and the Commission Internationalede L’Eclairage(CIE) chromaticity coordinates are(0.339,0.389),The above results show that Ca_(9)Sc(PO_(4))_(7):xDy^(3+)phosphors can be excellent candidate material for applications in NUV-excited white LEDs.

Preparation and luminescence properties of orange-red Ba3Y4O9:Sm3+phosphors

A novel orange-red emitting Ba3 Y4 O9：Sm^（3＋） phosphors were prepared by a high temperature solidstate reaction in air. X-ray diffraction（XRD）, photoluminescence spectra, fluorescence decay and temperature-dependent emission spectra were utilized to characterize the structure and luminescence properties. The results show that the excitation spectrum includes a series of linear peaks at350, 367, 382, 410, 424, 445, 470 and 495 nm, respectively. Under 410 nm excitation, the emission peaks were located at 574 nm（~4 G（5/2）-~6 H（5/2））, 608 nm（~4 G（5/2）-~6 H（7/2））,659 nm（~4 G（5/2）-~6 H（9/2）） and722 nm（~4 G（5/2）-~6 H（11/2））, respectively. The concentration quenching occurs when x equals 0.08 for Ba3 Y（4-x）O9：xSm^（3＋） phosphor and its mechanism is ascribed to the dipole-dipole interaction. The chromaticity coordinates of Ba3 Y（3.92）O9：0.08 Sm^（3＋） phosphor are in the orange-red region. The temperature-dependent study shows that this phosphor has excellent luminescence thermal-stability.And the luminescence intensity of Ba3 Y（3.92）O9：0.08 Sm^（3＋） phosphor at 473 K only declines by about25.75% of its initial intensity. The experimental data indicate that Ba3 Y4 O9：Sm^（3＋） phosphor may be promising as an orange-red emitting phosphor for white light emitting diodes.

儿童难治性支原体肺炎的抗支原体药物治疗进展

儿童难治性支原体肺炎的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,且病情进展迅速,常出现严重的并发症,遗留后遗症,严重影响患儿的生活质量。儿童难治性支原体肺炎抗MP药物的品种选择、剂量、疗程给儿科医院带来许多困扰。本文就儿童难治性支原体肺炎治疗的抗MP药物的特点、用法、用量、耐药机制及治疗进展进行了综述,旨在为儿童难治性支原体肺炎的抗MP药物治疗提供思路。