Resistance development,cross-resistance,and fitness costs associated with Aphis gossypii resistance towards sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid in different geographical regions

Aphis gossypii has become increasingly difficult to manage due to its strong insecticide resistance.In the laboratory,we established sulfoxaflor-resistant and acetamiprid-resistant strains in two A.gossypii populations with different basal insecticide resistance levels,and evaluated the effects of basal insecticide resistance on the resistance development and cross-resistance,as well as differences in fitness.Under the same selection pressure,Yarkant A.gossypii(with low basal insecticide resistance)evolved resistance to sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid more quickly than Jinghe A.gossypii(with high basal insecticide resistance),and the evolution of A.gossypii resistance to sulfoxaflor developed faster than acetamiprid in both Yarkant and Jinghe,Xingjiang,China.The sulfoxaflor-resistant strains selected from Yarkant and Jinghe developed significant cross-resistance to acetamiprid,imidacloprid,thiamethoxam and pymetrozine;while the acetamiprid-resistant strains developed significant cross-resistance to sulfoxaflor,imidacloprid,thiamethoxam,pymetrozine,and chlorpyrifos.The relative fitness of A.gossypii decreased as the resistance to sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid developed.The relative fitness levels of the sulfoxaflor-resistant strains(Yarkant-SulR and Jinghe-SulR)were lower than those of the acetamipridresistant strains(Yarkant-AceR and Jinghe-AceR).In addition,the relative fitness levels of sulfoxaflor-and acetamiprid-resistant strains were lower in Jinghe than in Yarkant.In summary,basal insecticide resistance of A.gossypii and insecticide type affected the evolution of resistance to insecticides in A.gossypii,as well as cross-resistance to other insecticides.The sulfoxaflor-and acetamiprid-resistant A.gossypii strains had obvious fitness costs.The results of this work will contribute to the insecticide resistance management and integrated management of A.gossypii.

BSA-seq-based identification of a major additive plant height QTL with an effect equivalent to that of Semi-dwarf 1 in a large rice F_(2) population

Bulked-segregant analysis is a time-and cost-saving strategy for identifying major quantitative trait loci(QTL) in a mapping population. Bulked-segregant analysis combined with whole-genome sequencing(BSA-seq) was performed to rapidly identify QTL for heading date, plant height, and panicle length in a large F_(2) population derived from two landraces: Chuan 7(C7) and Haoboka(HBK). Twenty plants with extremely low or high phenotypic values for the target traits were selected from an F_(2) population of 940 plants to construct low-and high-value bulks. Three pairs of bulks for the three traits were constructed, resulting in six DNA pools. BSA-seq revealed nine QTL: four for heading date, three for plant height, and two for panicle length. These QTL were validated in a random F_(2) population or BC_(4)F_(2) populations. The major novel plant height QTL, qPH8, acting additively with an effect equivalent to that of semi-dwarf 1(sd1), is potentially valuable for hybrid rice breeding. qPH8 controls mainly the elongation of basal internodes. The C7 allele of qPH8 reduces plant height and increases lodging resistance without yield penalty, suggesting a potential role for qPH8 in improving rice plant architecture.

Efficient Soft-Decision Maximum-Likelihood Decoding of BCH Code in the GNSS

Soft-decision decoding of BCH code in the global navigation satellite system( GNSS) is investigated in order to improve the performance of traditional hard-decision decoding. Using the nice structural properties of BCH code,a soft-decision decoding scheme is proposed. It is theoretically shown that the proposed scheme exactly performs maximum-likelihood( ML) decoding,which means the decoding performance is optimal. Moreover,an efficient implementation method of the proposed scheme is designed based on Viterbi algorithm. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed soft-decision ML decoding scheme is significantly improved compared with the traditional hard-decision decoding method at the expense of moderate complexity increase.

Hypoglycemic natural products with in vivo activities and their mechanisms:a review

Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a metabolic disorder disease,and the number of diabetic patients will reach 578 million by 2030 predictably.Currently,8 classes of small molecular drugs are used for treating diabetes.However,these drugs cannot completely meet patients ’ needs,due to diabetic complications need to be addressed along with diabetes,such as nephropathy,and cardiovascular diseases.Besides,more types of drugs need to be provided for more choices.Hence,scientists still seek lead compounds with hypoglycemic effects.Natural products(NPs) are a reservoir of diverse structures and bioactivities with low toxicity and less side effects.And some of them show effects on diabetic complications,which is a significant idea for drug development.This review aims to summarize natural products with hypoglycemic effects and their details,such as potential mechanisms,biological data,and particularly their advantages in treating diabetes.Considering the huge number of NPs was reported with anti-diabetic activity,and some of them need to be re-validated,this review focuses on the bioactive compounds with in vivo activities.In the end,the trend of natural products treating diabetes was discussed.We hope this review provide a comprehensive and convincing summary,thus lending support to anti-diabetic natural products research.

Geochemistry of subducted metabasites exhumed from the Mariana forearc:Implications for Pacific seamount subduction

Seamounts on the drifting oceanic crust are inevitably carried by plate motions and eventually accreted or subducted.However,the geochemical signatures of the subducted seamounts and the significance of seamount subduction are not well constrained.Hundreds of seamounts have subducted beneath the Philippine Sea Plate following the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate since the Eocene(~52 Ma).The subducted oceanic crust and seamount materials can be exhumed from the mantle depth to the seafloor in the Mariana forearc region by serpentinite mud volcanoes,providing exceptional opportunities to directly study the subducted oceanic crust and seamounts.The International Ocean Discovery Program(IODP)expedition 366 has recovered a few metamorphosed mafic clasts exhumed from the Mariana forearc serpentinite mud volcanoes,e.g.,the Fantangis?a and Asùt Tesoru seamounts.These mafic clasts have tholeiitic to alkaline affinities with distinct trace elements and Nd-Hf isotopes characteristics,suggesting different provenances and mantle sources.The tholeiites from the Fantangisna Seamount have trace element characteristics typical of mid-ocean ridge basalt.The Pacific-type Hf-Nd isotopic compositions,combined with the greenschist metamorphism of these tholeiites further suggest that they came from the subducted Pacific oceanic crust.The alkali basalts-dolerites from the Fantangisna and Asùt Tesoru seamounts show ocean island basalt(OIB)-like geochemical characteristics.The OIB-like geochemical signatures and the low-grade metamorphism of these alkali basalts-dolerites suggest they came from subducted seamounts that originally formed in an intraplate setting on the Pacific Plate.The Pacific Plate origin of these metabasites suggests they were formed in the Early Cretaceous or earlier.Two types of OIBs have been recognized from alkali metabasites,one of which is geochemically similar to the HIMU-EMI-type OIBs from the West Pacific Seamount Province,and another is similar to the EMII-type OIBs from the Samoa Island in southern Pacific,with negative Nb-Ta-Ti anomalies and enriched Nd-Hf isotopes.Generally,these alkali metabasites are sourced from the heterogeneous mantle sources that are similar to the present South Pacific Isotopic and Thermal Anomaly.This study provides direct evidence for seamount subduction in the Mariana convergent margins.We suggest seamount subduction is significant to element cycling,mantle heterogeneity,and mantle oxidation in subduction zones.

Primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the duodenum: a case report and review of literature

Primary pure squamous cell carcinomas(SCC) of the duodenum are very uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, only a few cases of SCC of the duodenum exist in the reported literature. Here, we report a case of SCC of the duodenum in northern China. A 45-year-old Chinese Han male patient presented with abdominal pain and weight loss. CT, endoscopic examinations, X-rays, and immunohistochemical markers were used to confirm this rare diagnosis of SCC. We performed a pancreaticoduodenectomy with a curative intention. However, histological examination revealed SCC of the duodenum. Postoperative chemotherapy was started after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, pancreaticoduodenectomy is the preferred form of treatment for carcinoma of the duodenum. This is supplemented with chemotherapy, which can further prolong survival.

IGF2BPs as novel m^(6)A readers:Diverse roles in regulating cancer cell biological functions,hypoxia adaptation,metabolism,and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment

m^(6)A methylation is the most frequent modification of mRNA in eukaryotes and plays a crucial role in cancer progression by regulating biological functions.Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins(IGF2BP)are newly identified m^(6)A‘readers’.They belong to a family of RNA-binding proteins,which bind to the m^(6)A sites on different RNA sequences and stabilize them to promote cancer progression.In this review,we summarize the mechanisms by which different upstream factors regulate IGF2BP in cancer.The current literature analyzed here reveals that the IGF2BP family proteins promote cancer cell proliferation,survival,and chemoresistance,inhibit apoptosis,and are also associated with cancer glycolysis,angiogenesis,and the immune response in the tumor microenvironment.Therefore,with the discovery of their role as‘readers’of m^(6)A and the characteristic re-expression of IGF2BPs in cancers,it is important to elucidate their mechanism of action in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.We also describe in detail the regulatory and interaction network of the IGF2BP family in downstream target RNAs and discuss their potential clinical applications as diagnostic and prognostic markers,as well as recent advances in IGF2BP biology and associated therapeutic value.

Reporting quality evaluation of clinical practice guidelines for pulmonary nodules with the RIGHT checklist

To the Editor:Pulmonary nodules are defined as localized opacities of up to 30 mm in diameter,surrounded by pulmonary parenchyma or located adjacent to the pleura.^([1])The ideal management for pulmonary nodules is to diagnose and treat malignant nodules as early as possible and minimize radiation exposures,based on the general guidance.Clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)always provide efficient recommendations based on systematic reviews of high-quality evidence and reporting to optimize patient care.^([2])Accumulating evidence shows that adherence to the guidelines improves patient outcomes.^([3])However,the reporting quality of CPGs seems poor.^([4])Several instruments have been generated to evaluate the quality of CPGs.

Photodynamic Therapy Activities of 10-（4-Formylphenyl）-5,15-bis（pentafluorophenyl）corrole and Its Gallium Complex

10-（4-Formylphenyl）-5,15-bis（pentafluorophenyl）corrole 1 and its gallium complex 1-Ga were used to investigate their photocytotoxicity in liver cancer （BEL-7402）, lung cancer （A549） and cervical cancer （Siha, Hela） cell lines. Among all the tested tumor cells, Siha tumor cells were the most sensitive to photodynamic therapy （PDT） treatment by 1 and 1-Ga. PDT IC50 of 1 and 1-Ga toward Siha tumor cell reaches 1.3 and 0.8 gmol/L respectively, which is 10-fold higher than that of cisplatin. 1 and 1-Ga might pass across the tumor cell membrane smoothly without the help of carrier protein, and mainly localized in the cytoplasm of tumor cell. After PDT treatment, the intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） level increased and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly, which would finally result in the apoptosis of tumor cells.

Polyhydric Corrole and Its Gallium Complex： Synthesis, DNA-binding Properties and Photodynamic Activities

A new hydrophilic polyhydric corrole （1） and its Ga（III） complex （1-Ga） were synthesized and characterized. Corroles 1 and 1-Ga bind to calf thymus DNA externally and exhibit remarkable photonuclease-like activity. Singlet oxygen （102） was identified as the reactive oxygen species involved. These corroles also exhibit significant photocytotoxicity against HeLa, A549, BEL-7402 and HepG2 tumor cell lines. They mainly accumulated in the nuclei of tumor cells. ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage and intracellular DNA disintegration contributed to the observed photodynamic activity.

The amino acid residue E96 of Ghd8 is crucial for the formation of the flowering repression complex Ghd7-Ghd8-OsHAP5C in rice

Ghd7 is an important gene involved in the photoperiod flowering pathway in rice.A Ghd7-involved transcriptional regulatory network has been established,but its translational regulatory pathway is poorly understood.The mutant suppressor of overexpression of Ghd7(sog7)was identified from EMS-induced mutagenesis on the background of ZH11 overexpressing Ghd7.Mut Map analysis revealed that SOG7 is allelic to Ghd8 and delayed flowering under long-day(LD)conditions.Biochemical assays showed that Ghd8 interacts with OsHAP5C and Ghd7 both in vivo and in vitro.Surprisingly,a point mutation E96K in theα2 helix of the Ghd8 histone fold domain(HFD)destroyed its ability to interact with Ghd7.The prediction of the structure shows that mutated amino acid is located in the interaction region of CCT/NF-YB/YC complexes,which alter the structure ofα4 of Ghd8.This structural difference prevents the formation of complex NF-YB/YC.The triple complex of Ghd8-OsHAP5C-Ghd7 directly bound to the promotor of Hd3a and downregulated the expression of Ehd1,Hd3a and RFT1,and finally resulted in a delayed heading.These findings are helpful in deeply understanding the Ghd7-involved photoperiod flowering pathway and promote the elucidation of rice heading.

The Hybrid Bidirectional DC/DC Converter:Mutual Control and Stability Analysis

A hybrid bidirectional DC/DC converter(BDC)is proposed as the fundamental DC/DC module in solid-state transformers,which combines a bidirectional LLC converter and a dual-active-bridge(DAB)converter.Integrated with a mutual control scheme,both parts of this hybrid BDC can be unified into an interdependent community.In this hybrid BDC,the LLC converter supports the output voltage and improves stability by working at the resonant frequency mode and the DAB converter enhances the BDC power capability by controlling the LLC output current constant.The BDC can achieve the full-load-range soft switching of all active switches by designing the auxiliary inductor of LLC and the minimum output current of DAB.By comparing to the single DAB,the proposed BDC has the higher phase and gain margin which means the BDC improved the relative stability based on Nyquist criterion.To solve the bidirectional power control problem,a dead-band voltage control logic is adopted which can determine the BDC’s power direction based on the output voltage change.A 200 V experimental system has verified the aforementioned features and functions of the BDC.

A review of meroterpenoids and of their bioactivity from guava(Psidium guajava L.)

Psidium guajava Linn.(family Myrtaceae),is commonly known as guava.Guava is consumed in large quantities throughout the world due to its ease of cultivation and high nutritional value.As an important perennial fruit tree distributed around the world,guava has been widely used to manage various diseases in traditional medicine.Guava has been shown significant bioactivity such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,antimicrobial,antidiabetic,and anticancer properties.A large number of studies indicated that guava contains various type of phytochemicals including monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes,triterpenes,phenolics,and meroterpenoids.Among them,meroterpenoids are characteristic components of guava,which are hybrid of acylphloroglucinol with terpenoids(monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes).Modern pharmacological investigations showed intricate Psidium meroterpenoids possess a wide range of bioactivities.Although a large and growing body of literatures have investigated the Psidium meroterpenoids isolated from guava,a comprehensive review of Psidium meroterpenoids and their bioactivities has not been conducted.Therefore,this review provides a comprehensive compile of 75 meroterpenoids isolated from guava and their bioactivities between 2007 and May 2022.Furthermore,the possible biosynthesis way and future directions of Psidium meroterpenoids have also been discussed.

利用AlGaN耦合作用调控WS_(2)层内和层间谷激子

二维材料中的激子跃迁和能谷极化过程具有丰富的能谷物理特性,因此具有极大的研究价值.本文发现,单层和双层WS_(2)中激子和能谷特性可以通过耦合不同掺杂浓度的AlGaN进行有效调控.当WS_(2)和n型AlGaN耦合时,会出现显著的激子能量红移.值得一提的是,来自AlGaN的层间电荷转移作用会促使双层WS_(2)形成II型能带,进而产生层间激子跃迁.层内激子峰和层间激子峰的能量和强度还可以通过双层WS_(2)中的转角进行调控.在13 K条件下,通过耦合n型AlGaN,单层WS_(2)的谷极化率高达82.2%.这是由于AlGaN的电子-声子相互作用会带来更高的激子衰减速率,且掺杂导致的载流子屏蔽效应会减少层间谷散射.层间激子的谷极化率明显高于层内激子,这是由于在层间激子中电子-空穴相互作用较弱,导致层间谷散射受到抑制.本文提出了一种简便有效的方法来调控二维材料的激子特性,在单层WS_(2)中实现了极高的谷极化,并在双层WS_(2)中诱导出层间激子.这些发现将激发谷激子物理学的创新探索,并推动新兴的谷电子器件的应用研究.

基于石墨烯量子点与二硫化钼的双被动调Q激光器研究

为获得脉冲宽度窄、波形对称性好、输出性能稳定的脉冲激光,设计了一种基于石墨烯量子点与二硫化钼的1064 nm双被动调Q激光器。该激光器采用结构简单的线形腔结构,以808 nm LD为抽运源、Nd∶YVO4为增益介质。分别采用水热法和锂离子-插层法获得了石墨烯量子点溶液与二硫化钼溶液。经旋涂、烘干等工艺制备出可饱和吸收体,作为被动调Q器件。相比于单被动调Q激光器,双被动调Q激光器输出的激光脉冲宽度更窄、脉冲波形对称性更好。当抽运功率为12.9 W时,实验测到的调Q激光脉冲宽度为180 ns,重复频率为1085 kHz,信噪比为44 dB,平均输出功率为595 mW。

Validation and Characterization of Ghd7.1, a Major Quantitative Trait Locus with Pleiotropic Effects on Spikelets per Panicle, Plant Height, and Heading Date in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A quantitative trait locus （QTL） that affects heading date （HD） and the number of spikelets per panicle （SPP） was previously identified in a small region on chromosome 7 in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. In order to further characterize the QTL region, near isogenic lines （NILs） were quickly obtained by self-crossing recombinant inbred line 189, which is heterozygous in the vicinity of the target region. The pleiotropic effects of QTL Ghd7.1 on plant height （PH）, SPP, and HD, were validated using an NIL-F2 population. Ghd7.1 explained 50.2%, 45.3%, and 76.9% of phenotypic variation in PH, SPP, and HD, respectively. Ghd7.1 was precisely mapped to a 357-kb region on the basis of analysis of the progeny of the NIL-F2 population. Day-length treatment confirmed that Ghd7.1 is sensitive to photoperiod, with long days delaying heading up to 12.5 d. Identification of panicle initiation and development for the pair of NILs showed that Ghd7.1 elongated the photoperiod-sensitive phase more than 10 d, but did not change the basic vegetative phase and the reproductive growth phase. These findings indicated that Ghd7.1 regulates SPP by controlling the rate of panicle differentiation rather than the duration of panicle development.

互联网、企业出口模式变革及其影响

互联网便于买卖双方直接联系,因而可能会促使企业摆脱贸易中介,从间接出口变为直接出口,实现出口模式变革。本文首先从理论层面证明了这一机制,进而运用中国企业出口数据进行研究,结果发现:使用互联网能促进企业转向直接出口;出口模式变革会提高企业的出口规模和利润,并拓延在国外市场的生存时间。本研究揭示了互联网引发的出口模式变革及影响,同时为"互联网+"战略的贯彻实施提供了决策依据。

Prevention of surgical site infection under different ventilation systems in operating room environment

Biological particles in the operating room(OR)air environment can cause surgical site infections(SSIs).Various ventilation systems have been employed in ORs to ensure an ultraclean environment.However,the effect of different ventilation systems on the control of bacteria-carrying particles(BCPs)released from the surgical staff during surgery is unclear.In this study,the performance of four different ventilation systems(vertical laminar airflow ventilation(VLAF),horizontal laminar airflow ventilation(HLAP),differential vertical airflow ventilation(DVAF),and temperature-controlled airflow ventilation(TAF))used in an OR was evaluated and compared based on the spatial BCP concentration.The airflow field in the OR was solved by the Renormalization Group(RNG)k-e turbulence model,and the BCP phase was calculated by Lagrangian particle tracking(LPT)and the discrete random walk(DRW)model.It was found that the TAF system was the most effective ventilation system among the four ventilation systems for ensuring air cleanliness in the operating area.This study also indicated that air cleanliness in the operating area depended not only on the airflow rate of the ventilation system but also on the airflow distribution,which was greatly affected by obstacles such as surgical lamps and surgical staff.

High manure load reduces bacterial diversity and network complexity in a paddy soil under crop rotations

Long-term application of chemical fertilizers causes soil degradation and nitrogen(N)loss,but these effects could be alleviated by organic fertilizers.In addition,crop rotation is a feasible practice to increase soil fertility,soil quality and crop yields comparing with monocultural cropping patterns.However,questions remain concerning how the soil microbiome responds to different manure application rates under crop rotations.Here,we collected soil samples from a rice-rape system to investigate the response of the soil microbiome to nine years of pig manure application at different rates(CK:0 kg ha^(-1),M1:1930 kg ha^(-1),M2:3860 kg ha^(-1) and M3:5790 kg ha^(-1)).Our results revealed that the bacterialα-diversity(Chao1 and Shannon index)in the rape season increased first and then decreased with increasing manure application rates,and a high manure load tended to decrease the bacterialα-diversity in the rice season.Long-term manure application enriched some copiotrophic bacteria,such as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria,while it decreased the relative abundance of Nitrospirae.Redundancy analysis(RDA)and the Mantel test indicated that soil pH,TC,TN,AP,C/P and N/P ratios were the main factors influencing bacterial communities.Moreover,network analysis showed that a low manure application rate shaped a complexly connected and stable bacterial community,while higher manure application rate decreased the stability of the bacterial network.These findings improve our understanding of bacterial responses to longterm manure application under crop rotations and their relationships with soil factors,especially in the context of increasing fertilizer inputs.