Although antipsychotics that act via monoaminergic neurotransmitter modulation have considera ble therapeutic effect,they cannot completely relieve clinical symptoms in patients suffering from psychiatric disorde rs.T...Although antipsychotics that act via monoaminergic neurotransmitter modulation have considera ble therapeutic effect,they cannot completely relieve clinical symptoms in patients suffering from psychiatric disorde rs.This may be attributed to the limited range of neurotransmitters that are regulated by psychotropic drugs.Recent findings indicate the need for investigation of psychotropic medications that target less-studied neurotransmitte rs.Among these candidate neurotransmitters,lactate is developing from being a waste metabolite to a glial-neuronal signaling molecule in recent years.Previous studies have suggested that cerebral lactate levels change considerably in numerous psychiatric illnesses;animal experiments have also shown that the supply of exogenous la ctate exerts an antidepressant effect.In this review,we have described how medications targeting newer neurotransmitte rs offer promise in psychiatric diseases;we have also summarized the advances in the use of lactate(and its corresponding signaling pathways)as a signaling molecule.In addition,we have described the alterations in brain lactate levels in depression,anxiety,bipolar disorder,and schizophrenia and have indicated the challenges that need to be overcome before brain lactate can be used as a therapeutic target in psychopharmacology.展开更多
Self-attention aggregates similar feature information to enhance the features. However, the attention covers nonface areas in face alignment, which may be disturbed in challenging cases, such as occlusions, and fails ...Self-attention aggregates similar feature information to enhance the features. However, the attention covers nonface areas in face alignment, which may be disturbed in challenging cases, such as occlusions, and fails to predict landmarks. In addition, the learned feature similarity variance is not large enough in the experiment. To this end, we propose structural dependence learning based on self-attention for face alignment (SSFA). It limits the self-attention learning to the facial range and adaptively builds the significant landmark structure dependency. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, SSFA effectively improves the performance on several standard facial landmark detection benchmarks and adapts more in challenging cases.展开更多
Brain Glycogen Works as an Angel Under Physiological Condition Glycogen Metabolism in the Brain One of the unique characteristics of the brain is its diversity in neural cell types,and neurons and astrocytes exhibit d...Brain Glycogen Works as an Angel Under Physiological Condition Glycogen Metabolism in the Brain One of the unique characteristics of the brain is its diversity in neural cell types,and neurons and astrocytes exhibit different metabolic patterns[1].Glycogen mainly exists in astrocytes,not in neurons[2].Glycogen metabolism is conservative throughout the body.Similar to the liver and muscle,the astrocytic glycogen level is controlled by glycogenesis and glycogenolysis[3].展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China,Nos.82271508(to YC)82001384(to YC)82271316(to HG)。
文摘Although antipsychotics that act via monoaminergic neurotransmitter modulation have considera ble therapeutic effect,they cannot completely relieve clinical symptoms in patients suffering from psychiatric disorde rs.This may be attributed to the limited range of neurotransmitters that are regulated by psychotropic drugs.Recent findings indicate the need for investigation of psychotropic medications that target less-studied neurotransmitte rs.Among these candidate neurotransmitters,lactate is developing from being a waste metabolite to a glial-neuronal signaling molecule in recent years.Previous studies have suggested that cerebral lactate levels change considerably in numerous psychiatric illnesses;animal experiments have also shown that the supply of exogenous la ctate exerts an antidepressant effect.In this review,we have described how medications targeting newer neurotransmitte rs offer promise in psychiatric diseases;we have also summarized the advances in the use of lactate(and its corresponding signaling pathways)as a signaling molecule.In addition,we have described the alterations in brain lactate levels in depression,anxiety,bipolar disorder,and schizophrenia and have indicated the challenges that need to be overcome before brain lactate can be used as a therapeutic target in psychopharmacology.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFE0205700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62076235,62276260 and 62002356)+1 种基金sponsored by the Zhejiang Lab(No.2021KH0AB07)the Ministry of Education Industry-University Cooperative Education Program(Wei Qiao Venture Group,No.E1425201).
文摘Self-attention aggregates similar feature information to enhance the features. However, the attention covers nonface areas in face alignment, which may be disturbed in challenging cases, such as occlusions, and fails to predict landmarks. In addition, the learned feature similarity variance is not large enough in the experiment. To this end, we propose structural dependence learning based on self-attention for face alignment (SSFA). It limits the self-attention learning to the facial range and adaptively builds the significant landmark structure dependency. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, SSFA effectively improves the performance on several standard facial landmark detection benchmarks and adapts more in challenging cases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82001384 and 81901079)the Hygiene and Health Technology Program of Shaanxi Province of China(2022D001).
文摘Brain Glycogen Works as an Angel Under Physiological Condition Glycogen Metabolism in the Brain One of the unique characteristics of the brain is its diversity in neural cell types,and neurons and astrocytes exhibit different metabolic patterns[1].Glycogen mainly exists in astrocytes,not in neurons[2].Glycogen metabolism is conservative throughout the body.Similar to the liver and muscle,the astrocytic glycogen level is controlled by glycogenesis and glycogenolysis[3].
