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Superhydrophobic modification of ceramic membranes for vacuum membrane distillation 被引量:11
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作者 Yanhui Yang Qianqian Liu +4 位作者 haizhi wang Fusheng Ding Guoshan Jin Chunxi Li Hong Meng 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第10期1395-1401,共7页
The hydrophobically modi fied ceramic membranes have great potential for energy-ef ficient membrane distillation.In this work,flat-sheet ceramic membranes with a superhydrophobic surface were fabricated by grafting 1H... The hydrophobically modi fied ceramic membranes have great potential for energy-ef ficient membrane distillation.In this work,flat-sheet ceramic membranes with a superhydrophobic surface were fabricated by grafting 1H,1H,2H,2H-per fluorooctyltrichlorosilane or 1H,1H,2H,2H-per fluorodecyltriethoxysilane and followed by ultraviolet irradiation.The surface water contact angle was improved from 46° of original ceramic membrane to 159°,which exhibited a stable and excellent superhydrophobic effect.The modi fied membranes showed a high flux of 27.28 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1) and simultaneously maintained an excellent retention rate of 99.99%,when used in vacuum membrane distillation process for treatment of a 1 wt% NaCl(75 °C) aqueous solution.These results suggested that superhydrophobic modi fication of ceramic surface is a facile and cost-effective way to achieve higher membrane distillation performance.The superhydrophobically-modi fied ceramic membrane with an excellent desalination capacity would show considerable potential in practical membrane distillation utilizations. 展开更多
关键词 Superhydrophobic modification Fluoroalkylsilane Ultraviolet irradiation Ceramic membrane Vacuum membrane distillation
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Do mandatory pension contributions hinder innovation?Empirical evidence
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作者 Hao Shen haizhi wang +1 位作者 Zehui wang Desheng Yin 《International Journal of Innovation Studies》 2020年第2期27-39,共13页
This paper empirically investigates the effect of mandatory pension contributions on firm innovation. We find that firms with mandatory contributions experience a decline in their innovation output. This effect is str... This paper empirically investigates the effect of mandatory pension contributions on firm innovation. We find that firms with mandatory contributions experience a decline in their innovation output. This effect is stronger for firms with financial constraints, more shortterm institutional investors, higher levels of managerial short-termism. We also document that mandatory pension contributions result in a reduction in firm research and development expenditures and an increase in firm debt-to-asset ratio. Moreover, we report that firms with mandatory contributions increase their alliance activities to pursue innovation with external partners. 展开更多
关键词 PENSION Mandatory contribution INNOVATION
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