Introduction: Assessing global health status includes tracking illness, disability, and mortality. Environmental and social factors as well as health initiatives impact people’s health. Assessing health outcomes in t...Introduction: Assessing global health status includes tracking illness, disability, and mortality. Environmental and social factors as well as health initiatives impact people’s health. Assessing health outcomes in terms of mortality and morbidity, which are included in the global disease burden, is critical for monitoring progress in development and health, as well as for selecting how to allocate available resources effectively, to achieve positive health outcomes. Studies on the epidemiology, burden, and challenges of COVID-19 and malaria remain scarce. There isn’t much information on how malaria susceptibility and immune response are affected by co-infection with COVID-19, and vice versa. This article highlights the commonalities between malaria and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reviews the epidemiology, burden, and challenges of each, and outlines how global health authorities have responded to the burden and challenges. Methods: We used The World Health Organization Disease Situation Dashboard as the primary resource for obtaining information on malaria and COVID-19. The World Malaria Reports for 2020 and 2021 were used as the primary sources for the statistics on malaria. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data collected. Results: The number of malaria deaths and cases has decreased significantly worldwide since 2000, but the African region continues to bear the greatest burden of malaria. The highest number of deaths due to COVID-19 occurred in the Americas, followed by Europe. The burden is lighter in Southeast Asia, the Eastern Mediterranean, the western Pacific, and Africa. There has been a decline in the number of deaths caused by COVID-19 in areas where malaria is endemic. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the burden of malaria in Africa. Conclusion: Public health authorities should consider taking necessary preventive measures to fight malaria and COVID-19 in a timely manner and ensure continuous healthcare for those who are affected by these diseases.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Despite great efforts by the government to control malaria in Sudan, the disease is the most significant human disease and was widespread in North Kordofan State. Morbidity and...<strong>Background: </strong>Despite great efforts by the government to control malaria in Sudan, the disease is the most significant human disease and was widespread in North Kordofan State. Morbidity and mortality of the disease are increasing in the State. Usually, the disease reached its peak after rainy season. This study aims to estimate the role of climate factors on malaria transmission dynamic by modeling the relationship between malaria cases and climatic variables, such as rainfall, relative humidity, and temperature, in Kordofan State. <strong>Methods:</strong> We used Pearson correlation coefficient and an ordinary least square method to assess this relationship. <strong>Results:</strong> The results show that there are statistically significant associations between malaria cases and rainfall, relative humidity, and minimum temperature (P-value < 0.001). The regression analysis results suggest that the appropriate model for predicting malaria incidence includes malaria cases lagged by one month, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature. This model explained 72% of the variance in monthly malaria incidence. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results of this study suggest that climatic factors have potential use for malaria prediction in the State.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Sudan has often faced outbreaks of malaria, the life-threatening waterborne disease. In 2019, the country experienced an outbreak of six different infectious diseases,<em>...<strong>Background:</strong> Sudan has often faced outbreaks of malaria, the life-threatening waterborne disease. In 2019, the country experienced an outbreak of six different infectious diseases,<em> i.e.</em>, cholera, chikungunya, dengue fever, diphtheria, malaria, and Rift Valley fever. Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform an epidemiological descriptive analysis of data of these disease outbreaks to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of outbreaks and to estimate the magnitude of the diseases. <strong>Methods:</strong> The data consisted of the number of cases and deaths due to disease outbreaks of cholera, chikungunya, dengue fever, diphtheria, malaria, and Rift Valley fever. We analyzed the reports of an investigation conducted by the World Health Organization and the Federal Ministry of Health, Sudan. Descriptive statistics and case fatality rate (CFR) were used in this study. <strong>Results:</strong> The frequency of disease occurrence was as follows: cholera (344 cases), chikungunya (308 cases), dengue fever (4236 cases), diphtheria (105 cases), malaria (5,188,135 cases) and River Valley fever (567 cases). The CFRs for cholera, chikungunya, are diphtheria were 4.3%, 2.05%, and 9.5%, respectively. The mortality rate of malaria was 0.0013. The states most affected by outbreaks of these diseases in Sudan were the western states. Women were at a higher risk for all diseases, except River Valley fever. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study highlights the patterns of the outbreak of these diseases in Sudan and provides a basis for future scientific research.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Assessing global health status includes tracking illness, disability, and mortality. Environmental and social factors as well as health initiatives impact people’s health. Assessing health outcomes in terms of mortality and morbidity, which are included in the global disease burden, is critical for monitoring progress in development and health, as well as for selecting how to allocate available resources effectively, to achieve positive health outcomes. Studies on the epidemiology, burden, and challenges of COVID-19 and malaria remain scarce. There isn’t much information on how malaria susceptibility and immune response are affected by co-infection with COVID-19, and vice versa. This article highlights the commonalities between malaria and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reviews the epidemiology, burden, and challenges of each, and outlines how global health authorities have responded to the burden and challenges. Methods: We used The World Health Organization Disease Situation Dashboard as the primary resource for obtaining information on malaria and COVID-19. The World Malaria Reports for 2020 and 2021 were used as the primary sources for the statistics on malaria. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data collected. Results: The number of malaria deaths and cases has decreased significantly worldwide since 2000, but the African region continues to bear the greatest burden of malaria. The highest number of deaths due to COVID-19 occurred in the Americas, followed by Europe. The burden is lighter in Southeast Asia, the Eastern Mediterranean, the western Pacific, and Africa. There has been a decline in the number of deaths caused by COVID-19 in areas where malaria is endemic. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the burden of malaria in Africa. Conclusion: Public health authorities should consider taking necessary preventive measures to fight malaria and COVID-19 in a timely manner and ensure continuous healthcare for those who are affected by these diseases.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Despite great efforts by the government to control malaria in Sudan, the disease is the most significant human disease and was widespread in North Kordofan State. Morbidity and mortality of the disease are increasing in the State. Usually, the disease reached its peak after rainy season. This study aims to estimate the role of climate factors on malaria transmission dynamic by modeling the relationship between malaria cases and climatic variables, such as rainfall, relative humidity, and temperature, in Kordofan State. <strong>Methods:</strong> We used Pearson correlation coefficient and an ordinary least square method to assess this relationship. <strong>Results:</strong> The results show that there are statistically significant associations between malaria cases and rainfall, relative humidity, and minimum temperature (P-value < 0.001). The regression analysis results suggest that the appropriate model for predicting malaria incidence includes malaria cases lagged by one month, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature. This model explained 72% of the variance in monthly malaria incidence. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results of this study suggest that climatic factors have potential use for malaria prediction in the State.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Sudan has often faced outbreaks of malaria, the life-threatening waterborne disease. In 2019, the country experienced an outbreak of six different infectious diseases,<em> i.e.</em>, cholera, chikungunya, dengue fever, diphtheria, malaria, and Rift Valley fever. Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform an epidemiological descriptive analysis of data of these disease outbreaks to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of outbreaks and to estimate the magnitude of the diseases. <strong>Methods:</strong> The data consisted of the number of cases and deaths due to disease outbreaks of cholera, chikungunya, dengue fever, diphtheria, malaria, and Rift Valley fever. We analyzed the reports of an investigation conducted by the World Health Organization and the Federal Ministry of Health, Sudan. Descriptive statistics and case fatality rate (CFR) were used in this study. <strong>Results:</strong> The frequency of disease occurrence was as follows: cholera (344 cases), chikungunya (308 cases), dengue fever (4236 cases), diphtheria (105 cases), malaria (5,188,135 cases) and River Valley fever (567 cases). The CFRs for cholera, chikungunya, are diphtheria were 4.3%, 2.05%, and 9.5%, respectively. The mortality rate of malaria was 0.0013. The states most affected by outbreaks of these diseases in Sudan were the western states. Women were at a higher risk for all diseases, except River Valley fever. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study highlights the patterns of the outbreak of these diseases in Sudan and provides a basis for future scientific research.
