Miniaturization of electronic equipment has forced researchers to devise more effective methods for dissipating the generated heat in these devices.In this study,two methods,including porous media inserting and adding...Miniaturization of electronic equipment has forced researchers to devise more effective methods for dissipating the generated heat in these devices.In this study,two methods,including porous media inserting and adding nanoparticles to the base fluid,are used to improve heat transfer in an annulus heated on both walls.To study porous media insert,porous ribs are used on the outer and inner walls independently.The results show that when porous ribs are placed on the outer wall,although the heat transfer enhances,the pressure drop increment is so considerable that performance number (the ratio of heat transfer enhancement pressure increment,PN) is less than unity for all porous rib heights and porous media permeabilities that are studied.On the other hand,the PN of cases where porous ribs were placed on the inner wall depends on the Darcy number (Da).For example,for ribs with Da=0.1 and Da=0.0001,the maximum performance number,PN=4,occurs at the porous ribs height to hydraulic diameter ratios H/Dh=1 and H/Dh=0.25.Under these conditions,heat transfer is enhanced by two orders of magnitude.It is found that adding 5% nanoparticles to the base fluid in the two aforementioned cases improves the Nusselt number and PN by 10%–40%.展开更多
Condensation is an important regime of heat transfer which has wide applications in different industries such as power plants,heating,ventilating and air conditioning,and refrigeration.Condensation occurs in two diffe...Condensation is an important regime of heat transfer which has wide applications in different industries such as power plants,heating,ventilating and air conditioning,and refrigeration.Condensation occurs in two different modes including filmwise (FWC) and dropwise (DWC) condensation.DWC occurring on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces has a much higher heat transfer capacity than FWC.Therefore,wide investigations have been done to produce DWC in recent years.Superhydrophobic surfaces have micro/nano structures with low surface energy.In this study,a two-step electrodeposition process is used to produce micro/nano structures on copper specimens.The surface energy of specimens is reduced by a self-assembled monolayer using ethanol and 1-octadecanethiol solution.The results show that there is an optimum condition for electrodeposition parameters.For example,a surface prepared by 2000 s step time has 5 times greater heat transfer than FWC while a surface with 4000 s step time has nearly the same heat transfer as FWC.The surfaces of the fabricated specimens are examined using XRD and SEM analyses.The SEM analyses of the surfaces show that there are some micro-structures on the surfaces and the surface porosities are reduced by increasing the second step electrodeposition time.展开更多
Cubic equations of state(EOSs) are simple and easy at calculation. One way of improving the accuracy of a cubic EOS is through the modification of temperature-dependent energy parameter by using alpha-function.The ind...Cubic equations of state(EOSs) are simple and easy at calculation. One way of improving the accuracy of a cubic EOS is through the modification of temperature-dependent energy parameter by using alpha-function.The industrial applications of natural gas are very wide and as a result, prediction of thermodynamic properties and phase behavior of natural gas is an important part of design for such processes. In this work we develop a newα-function for the Peng-Robinson(PR) EOS with the parameters optimized especially for natural gas components.The parameters are generalized as a linear function of acentric factor. The results are compared to the predictions from original PR EOS and other α-functions in literature. It is shown that the new α-function presents a good accuracy with the average deviation of 1.42% for natural gas components.展开更多
文摘Miniaturization of electronic equipment has forced researchers to devise more effective methods for dissipating the generated heat in these devices.In this study,two methods,including porous media inserting and adding nanoparticles to the base fluid,are used to improve heat transfer in an annulus heated on both walls.To study porous media insert,porous ribs are used on the outer and inner walls independently.The results show that when porous ribs are placed on the outer wall,although the heat transfer enhances,the pressure drop increment is so considerable that performance number (the ratio of heat transfer enhancement pressure increment,PN) is less than unity for all porous rib heights and porous media permeabilities that are studied.On the other hand,the PN of cases where porous ribs were placed on the inner wall depends on the Darcy number (Da).For example,for ribs with Da=0.1 and Da=0.0001,the maximum performance number,PN=4,occurs at the porous ribs height to hydraulic diameter ratios H/Dh=1 and H/Dh=0.25.Under these conditions,heat transfer is enhanced by two orders of magnitude.It is found that adding 5% nanoparticles to the base fluid in the two aforementioned cases improves the Nusselt number and PN by 10%–40%.
文摘Condensation is an important regime of heat transfer which has wide applications in different industries such as power plants,heating,ventilating and air conditioning,and refrigeration.Condensation occurs in two different modes including filmwise (FWC) and dropwise (DWC) condensation.DWC occurring on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces has a much higher heat transfer capacity than FWC.Therefore,wide investigations have been done to produce DWC in recent years.Superhydrophobic surfaces have micro/nano structures with low surface energy.In this study,a two-step electrodeposition process is used to produce micro/nano structures on copper specimens.The surface energy of specimens is reduced by a self-assembled monolayer using ethanol and 1-octadecanethiol solution.The results show that there is an optimum condition for electrodeposition parameters.For example,a surface prepared by 2000 s step time has 5 times greater heat transfer than FWC while a surface with 4000 s step time has nearly the same heat transfer as FWC.The surfaces of the fabricated specimens are examined using XRD and SEM analyses.The SEM analyses of the surfaces show that there are some micro-structures on the surfaces and the surface porosities are reduced by increasing the second step electrodeposition time.
文摘Cubic equations of state(EOSs) are simple and easy at calculation. One way of improving the accuracy of a cubic EOS is through the modification of temperature-dependent energy parameter by using alpha-function.The industrial applications of natural gas are very wide and as a result, prediction of thermodynamic properties and phase behavior of natural gas is an important part of design for such processes. In this work we develop a newα-function for the Peng-Robinson(PR) EOS with the parameters optimized especially for natural gas components.The parameters are generalized as a linear function of acentric factor. The results are compared to the predictions from original PR EOS and other α-functions in literature. It is shown that the new α-function presents a good accuracy with the average deviation of 1.42% for natural gas components.
