INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a worldwide respiratory disease which always co-exists with multiple extrapulmonary comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. The Wo...INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a worldwide respiratory disease which always co-exists with multiple extrapulmonary comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. The World Health Organization pointed out that till 2030, COPD would be the third leading reason of mortality. In spite of the advanced medical research and health-care efforts, COPD still shows continuously increasing quantity of death. Tobacco smoking, indoor and outdoor air pollution （for example, biomass thel）, virus, and pulmonary dysplasia are the main risk factors for COPD. All these factors eventually destroy lung parenchymal tissue and disturb repair and defense system, which eventually lead to emphysema and small airway fibrosis [Figure 1].展开更多
Asthma is defined as a chronic airway inflammation characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, reversible restriction in airflow, and structural remodeling of airway. Patients often present with coughing, wheezing...Asthma is defined as a chronic airway inflammation characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, reversible restriction in airflow, and structural remodeling of airway. Patients often present with coughing, wheezing, dyspnea, and chest tightness, Applications of inhaled corticosteroid （ICS） and long-acting β2 agonist （LABA） relieve most of the symptoms in the majority of asthma patients, yet an estimated 3.6% of the patients fail to benefit from existing treatment regimens, which increases the patient burden and negatively affects their life quality. In the process of asthma, IgE plays an important role. As the first monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, omalizumab has been confirmed to improve the asthma symptom score, reduce the acute attack of asthma, lower the dosage of oral or inhaled glucocorticoid, and ameliorate life quality of asthma patients. Omalizumab marks the beginning of a new era in treating severe asthma. Besides IgE, eosinophils are also intimately involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and are associated with disease severity, exacerbation frequency, and mortality. Many of the proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin （IL）-5, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17, play important roles in the pathological processes of the maturation, activation, survival, and recruitment of eosinophils in severe asthma [Figure 1]. These can impact inflammation and structural changes in the respiratory tract. Therefore, it is plausible to block key factors that contribute to eosinophilia in the treatment of severe asthma.展开更多
文摘INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a worldwide respiratory disease which always co-exists with multiple extrapulmonary comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. The World Health Organization pointed out that till 2030, COPD would be the third leading reason of mortality. In spite of the advanced medical research and health-care efforts, COPD still shows continuously increasing quantity of death. Tobacco smoking, indoor and outdoor air pollution （for example, biomass thel）, virus, and pulmonary dysplasia are the main risk factors for COPD. All these factors eventually destroy lung parenchymal tissue and disturb repair and defense system, which eventually lead to emphysema and small airway fibrosis [Figure 1].
文摘Asthma is defined as a chronic airway inflammation characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, reversible restriction in airflow, and structural remodeling of airway. Patients often present with coughing, wheezing, dyspnea, and chest tightness, Applications of inhaled corticosteroid （ICS） and long-acting β2 agonist （LABA） relieve most of the symptoms in the majority of asthma patients, yet an estimated 3.6% of the patients fail to benefit from existing treatment regimens, which increases the patient burden and negatively affects their life quality. In the process of asthma, IgE plays an important role. As the first monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, omalizumab has been confirmed to improve the asthma symptom score, reduce the acute attack of asthma, lower the dosage of oral or inhaled glucocorticoid, and ameliorate life quality of asthma patients. Omalizumab marks the beginning of a new era in treating severe asthma. Besides IgE, eosinophils are also intimately involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and are associated with disease severity, exacerbation frequency, and mortality. Many of the proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin （IL）-5, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17, play important roles in the pathological processes of the maturation, activation, survival, and recruitment of eosinophils in severe asthma [Figure 1]. These can impact inflammation and structural changes in the respiratory tract. Therefore, it is plausible to block key factors that contribute to eosinophilia in the treatment of severe asthma.
