Effect of Water Ammonia Nitrogen Concentration on Survival of Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis

In this study, the relationship of the growth of invasion fish with water eutrophication processes was explored in Yangtze estuary, China. High water ammonia nitrogen concentration produced high effects on the growth and survival of mosquitofish Gambusia affinis. When the ammonia nitrogen was higher than 51.75 mg/l, the fish death rate obviously increased with days, and at the 4th day fish presented the highest mortality, while 23.72 mg/l ammonia nitrogen conditions have been able to ensure fish survival for two days in experiment treatment. Therefore, ammonia nitrogen of Grade V polluted water (national water quality criteria) is just 3 mg/l, and the water can be enough to support fish normal survival. Our results suggest mosquitofish was a suitable pioneer species for restoring polluted water ecology and purify water.

Authorized Identity-Based Public Cloud Storage Auditing Scheme with Hierarchical Structure for Large-Scale User Groups

Identity-based public cloud storage auditing schemes can check the integrity of cloud data, and reduce the complicated certificate management. In such a scheme, one Private Key Generator(PKG) is employed to authenticate the identity and generate private keys for all users, and one Third Party Auditor(TPA) is employed to by users to check the integrity of cloud data. This approach is undesirable for large-scale users since the PKG and the TPA might not be able to afford the heavy workload. To solve the problem, we give a hierarchical Private Key Generator structure for large-scale user groups, in which a root PKG delegates lower-level PKGs to generate private keys and authenticate identities. Based on the proposed structure, we propose an authorized identity-based public cloud storage auditing scheme, in which the lowest-level PKGs play the role of TPA, and only the authorized lowest-level PKGs can represent users in their domains to check cloud data's integrity. Furthermore, we give the formal security analysis and experimental results, which show that our proposed scheme is secure and efficient.

Inappropriate Activation of TLR4/NF-κB is a Cause of Heart Failure

Significance:Heart failure,a disease with extremely high incidence,is closely associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.The Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)pathway plays an important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure.Recent advances:Previous studies have shown that TLR4/NF-κB causes heart failure by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation;damaging the endothelia;promoting fibrosis;and inducing myocardial hypertrophy,apoptosis,pyroptosis,and autophagy.Critical issues:Understanding the pathogenesis of heart failure is essential for the treatment of this disease.In this review,we outline the mechanisms underlying TLR4/NF-κB pathway-mediated heart failure and discuss drugs that alleviate heart failure by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.Future directions:During TLR4/NF-κB overactivation,interventions targeting specific receptor antagonists may effectively alleviate heart failure,thus providing a basis for the development of new anti-heart failure drugs.

Optimal Operation of Micro-energy Grids Considering Shared Energy Storage Systems and Balanced Profit Allocations

Following the unprecedented generation of renewable energy,Energy Storage Systems(ESSs)have become essential for facilitating renewable consumption and maintaining reliability in energy networks.However,providing an individual ESS to a single customer is still a luxury.Thus,this paper aims to investigate whether the Shared-ESS can assist energy savings for multiple users through Peer-to-Peer(P2P)trading.Moreover,with the increasing number of market participants in the integrated energy system(IES),a benefit allocation scheme is necessary,ensuring reasonable benefits for every user in the network.Using the multiplayer cooperative game model,the nucleolus and the Shapley value methods are adopted to evaluate the benefit allocation between multiple users.Numerical analyses based on multiple micro-energy grids are performed,so as to assess the performance of the Shared-ESS and the proposed benefit allocation scheme.The results show that the micro-energy grid cluster can save as much as 38.15%of the total energy cost with Shared-ESS being equipped.The following conclusions can be drawn:the Shared-ESS can significantly reduce the operating costs of the micro-energy grid operator,promote the consumption of renewable energy,and play the role of peak-shaving and valley-filling during different energy usage periods.In addition,it is reflected that the multiplayer cooperative game model is effective in revealing the interaction between the micro-energy grids,which makes the distribution results more reasonable.

Inter-tissue communication of mitochondrial stress and metabolic health

Mitochondria function as a hub of the cellular metabolic network.Mitochondrial stress is closely associated with aging and a variety of diseases,including neurodegeneration and cancer.Cells autonomously elicit specific stress responses to cope with mitochondrial stress to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.Interestingly,mitochondrial stress responses may also be induced in a non-autonomous manner in cells or tissues that are not directly experiencing such stress.Such non-autonomous mitochondrial stress responses are mediated by secreted molecules called mitokines.Due to their significant translational potential in improving human metabolic health,there has been a surge in mitokine-focused research.In this review,we summarize the findings regarding inter-tissue communication of mitochondrial stress in animal models.In addition,we discuss the possibility of mitokine-mediated intercellular mitochondrial communication originating from bacterial quorum sensing.

Standardized Operational Protocol for Human Brain Banking in China

With the progress of society, there is an increasing need to tackle disorders of the central nervous system. Human brain tissue, unlike animal tissues, is an irreplaceable resource for the study of neurological diseases (1)Aimed at scientific research and education, the roles of human brain tissue repositories are to acquire brain tissue from donors, prepare, process, and preserve collected samples,provide tissue to specific eligible facilities, and determine the characteristics of each tissue sample.

Correlations Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms,Cognitive Dysfunction,and Postmortem Brain Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Among Han Chinese

In this study, the distribution of five Alzheimer's disease(AD)-related single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in the Han population was examined in combination with the evaluation of clinical cognition and brain pathological analysis. The associations among SNPs,clinical daily cognitive states, and postmortem neuropathological changes were analyzed in 110 human brains from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College(CAMS/PUMC) Human Brain Bank.APOE ?4(OR = 4.482, P = 0.004), the RS2305421 GG genotype(adjusted OR = 4.397, P = 0.015), and the RS10498633 GT genotype(adjusted OR = 2.375,P = 0.028) were associated with a higher score on the ABC(Ab plaque score, Braak NFT stage, and CERAD neuritic plaque score) dementia scale. These results advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD,the relationship between pathological diagnosis and clinical diagnosis, and the SNPs in the Han population for future research.

Ultra-broadband,fast,and polarization-sensitive photoresponse of low-symmetry 2D NdSb_(2)

Broadband photodetectors with polarization-sensitive ability have received extraordinary attention for modern optoelectronic devices.Ideal photodetectors should possess high responsivity,fast response,and good stability,which are rare to meet at the same time in one low-symmetric two-dimentional(2D)material.In this work,neodymium diantimonides(RSb_(2)),a member of light rare-earth diantimonides RSb_(2)(R=La–Nd,Sm)with low-symmetry structure,is introduced as a fascinating highly anisotropic 2D material for broadband detection(532 nm to 4μm).The photodetector exhibits a responsivity of 0.49 mA·W^(−1)with 15μs response time at 532 nm and highly stable performance under ambient conditions over 8 months.Furthermore,we identify the polarization-sensitive photoresponse of the detector and demonstrate a high anisotropic factor~1.6.In addition,strong inplane anisotropy is revealed by anisotropic phonon response and the photodetection mechanism is investigated by scanning photocurrent microscopy measurements.This pioneer work on RSb_(2)paves the way for further exploration of 2D RSb_(2)for high performance polarized photodetectors with fast photothermoelectric response.

Numerical investigation of the effects of turbulence on the ignition process in a turbulent MILD flame

In this study,we conduct three-dimensional nonlinear large-eddy simulation to investigate the interaction between turbulence and reaction during the initial ignition process of a turbulent methane/hydrogen jet-in-hot-coflow flame under moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution(MILD)condition.Special focus has been placed on the spatial development of the flame and the temporal evolution of representative ignition spots that characterize the range of ignition behaviors observed in the case.Results show that the ignition process of the flame consists of four consecutive phases.Ignition occurs initially with relatively lean mixtures,and compared to the corresponding homogeneous stagnant adiabatic combustion,the loss of radical species associated with flow transportation causes a delay in ignition.The initial ignition spots formed during the autoignition phase provide sufficient conditions for the stabilization of the flame,including the provision of a variety of key radicals.Results also show that the flow convection accompanying the hot coflow dominated the slow flame propagation,and the turbulent mixing is of great importance for rapid flame propagation.These findings will broaden our knowledge of MILD combustion and provide useful insights into advanced ignition contr.

Comparison of Reference Genes for Transcriptional Studies in Postmortem Human Brain Tissue Under Different Conditions

Dear Editor Research on neurodegenerative diseases is a hot topic worldwide[1],and MRI,genetics and epigenetics,and animal models have been commonly used.Considering species differences,research on human brain samples is irreplaceable(2)Many countries and regions have built brain banks to collect and store brain tissue from donors.Samples provided by a brain bank can be used to study synaptic structure,protein,DNA,RNA[3,4],and lipids to illuminate the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases.When brain tissue is used for gene expression research,the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)is an accurate method,which simultaneously amplifies and quantifies the expression of target genes by measuring the intensity of fluorescence in each PCR cycle.