There is a strong drive towards hyperresolution earth system models in order to resolve finer scales of motion in the atmosphere.The problem of obtaining more realistic representation of terrestrial fluxes of heat and...There is a strong drive towards hyperresolution earth system models in order to resolve finer scales of motion in the atmosphere.The problem of obtaining more realistic representation of terrestrial fluxes of heat and water,however,is not just a problem of moving to hyperresolution grid scales.It is much more a question of a lack of knowledge about the parameterisation of processes at whatever grid scale is being used for a wider modelling problem.Hyperresolution grid scales cannot alone solve the problem of this hyperresolution ignorance.This paper discusses these issues in more detail with specific reference to land surface parameterisations and flood inundation models.The importance of making local hyperresolution model predictions available for evaluation by local stakeholders is stressed.It is expected that this will be a major driving force for improving model performance in the future.展开更多
The quality control,validation and verification of the European Flood Alert System(EFAS)are described.EFAS is designed as a flood early warning system at pan-European scale,to complement national systems and provide f...The quality control,validation and verification of the European Flood Alert System(EFAS)are described.EFAS is designed as a flood early warning system at pan-European scale,to complement national systems and provide flood warnings more than 2 days before a flood.On average 2030 alerts per year are sent out to the EFAS partner network which consists of 24 National hydrological authorities responsible for transnational river basins.Quality control of the system includes the evaluation of the hits,misses and false alarms,showing that EFAS has more than 50%of the time hits.Furthermore,the skills of both the meteorological as well as the hydrological forecasts are evaluated,and are included here for a 10-year period.Next,end-user needs and feedback are systematically analysed.Suggested improvements,such as real-time river discharge updating,are currently implemented.展开更多
基金supported by two UK Natural Environment Research Council Projects CREDIBLE(Grant NO.NE/J017299/1)and SINATRA(Grant No.NE/K00896X/1)
文摘There is a strong drive towards hyperresolution earth system models in order to resolve finer scales of motion in the atmosphere.The problem of obtaining more realistic representation of terrestrial fluxes of heat and water,however,is not just a problem of moving to hyperresolution grid scales.It is much more a question of a lack of knowledge about the parameterisation of processes at whatever grid scale is being used for a wider modelling problem.Hyperresolution grid scales cannot alone solve the problem of this hyperresolution ignorance.This paper discusses these issues in more detail with specific reference to land surface parameterisations and flood inundation models.The importance of making local hyperresolution model predictions available for evaluation by local stakeholders is stressed.It is expected that this will be a major driving force for improving model performance in the future.
文摘The quality control,validation and verification of the European Flood Alert System(EFAS)are described.EFAS is designed as a flood early warning system at pan-European scale,to complement national systems and provide flood warnings more than 2 days before a flood.On average 2030 alerts per year are sent out to the EFAS partner network which consists of 24 National hydrological authorities responsible for transnational river basins.Quality control of the system includes the evaluation of the hits,misses and false alarms,showing that EFAS has more than 50%of the time hits.Furthermore,the skills of both the meteorological as well as the hydrological forecasts are evaluated,and are included here for a 10-year period.Next,end-user needs and feedback are systematically analysed.Suggested improvements,such as real-time river discharge updating,are currently implemented.
