Overview of Future Antenna Design for Mobile Terminals

1.Introduction Over the years,antenna design for mobile terminals has become increasingly difficult.This is mainly attributed to the limited space available in such devices for the housing of multiple antennas with wide and multi-frequency band requirements.The coming fifth generation(5G)of wireless communications makes this issue even more challenging for mobile terminal antenna designers,since it requires a very large number of multiple input/multiple output(MIMO)antennas at sub-6 GHz frequency bands,as well as two or three antenna-in-package(AiP)modules at millimeter-wave frequency bands.In these antenna designs,the antennas must be small,compact,low profile,and lightweight,while maintaining wideband and multiband performance.Furthermore,for MIMO antenna design,although the antennas are placed very close together,a high degree of isolation between antennas must be satisfied,even within the same frequency bands.This article presents an overview of future antenna design for mobile terminals.

Metagenomic and targeted metabolomic analyses reveal distinct phenotypes of the gut microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background:Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer(CRC),and the patients with CRC and T2DM have worse survival.The human gut microbiota(GM)is linked to the development of CRC and T2DM,respectively.However,the GM characteristics in patients with CRC and T2DM remain unclear.Methods:We performed fecal metagenomic and targeted metabolomics studies on 36 samples from CRC patients with T2DM(DCRC group,n=12),CRC patients without diabetes(CRC group,n=12),and healthy controls(Health group,n=12).We analyzed the fecal microbiomes,characterized the composition and function based on the metagenomics of DCRC patients,and detected the short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and bile acids(BAs)levels in all fecal samples.Finally,we performed a correlation analysis of the differential bacteria and metabolites between different groups.Results:Compared with the CRC group,LefSe analysis showed that there is a specific GM community in DCRC group,including an increased abundance of Eggerthella,Hungatella,Peptostreptococcus,and Parvimonas,and decreased Butyricicoccus,Lactobacillus,and Paraprevotella.The metabolomics analysis results revealed that the butyric acid level was lower but the deoxycholic acid and 12-keto-lithocholic acid levels were higher in the DCRC group than other groups(P<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that the dominant bacterial abundance in the DCRC group(Parvimonas,Desulfurispora,Sebaldella,and Veillonellales,among others)was negatively correlated with butyric acid,hyodeoxycholic acid,ursodeoxycholic acid,glycochenodeoxycholic acid,chenodeoxycholic acid,cholic acid and glycocholate.However,the abundance of mostly inferior bacteria was positively correlated with these metabolic acid levels,including Faecalibacterium,Thermococci,and Cellulophaga.Conclusions:Unique fecal microbiome signatures exist in CRC patients with T2DM compared to those with non-diabetic CRC.Alterations in GM composition and SCFAs and secondary BAs levels may promote CRC development.

卫生费用与健康产出:中国在追赶OECD国家吗?

本文考察了1978-2013年中国在人均卫生总费用、人均预期寿命、婴儿死亡率与五岁以下儿童死亡率方面是否追赶OECD国家。通过构建中国与OECD国家在以上指标的差距变量,运用第二代面板单位根和DF-GLS单位根检验方法,本文发现:中国与OECD国家在人均卫生总费用方面不存在追赶,但在健康产出方面明显缩小了差距,尤其体现在婴儿死亡率指标上。因此,综合考虑医疗卫生的投入和产出,中国医疗卫生体制改革所取得的成绩不容忽视。