全氟及多氟烷基类化合物毒性评估的新策略与新方法

World Health Organization has estimated that annually 24.3%(13.7 million of 56.1 million)of all global premature deaths and28.1%(1.57 million of 5.60 million)deaths among children under five,are linked to environmental factors[1].

Screening Environmental Pollutants Binding Aptamers through Capture-SELEX for Biosensing Assays:Challenges and Opportunities

The increasing need to monitor emergent pollutants,such as persistent organic pollutants,endocrine disruptors,and antibiotics,is driven by their impacts on environment and health.1,2 Nevertheless,instrumental methods based on mass spectrometry are intricate,take a considerable amount of time,and necessitate costly equipment,posing challenges for their application in field monitoring.The development of biosensors has offered a prompt,sensitive,selective,and real-time technique for the identification and monitoring of pollutants.A bioreceptor,a transducer,and a signal processor compose a biosensor,which transforms the recognition of target into detectable signals.3 The performance of biosensors relies heavily on the bioreceptor as its binding affinity and specificity are vital determinants.The most frequently used biosensors are developed with antibodies as bioreceptors that detect environmental pollutants effectively.This is due to their high specificity and binding affinity to analytes,which results from antigen−antibody immune interactions.However,screening antibodies with high specificity and affinity can be a challenging process in biosensor development for diverse pollutants.Furthermore,these antibodies may not always maintain a constant recognition performance in a harsh environmental matrix.Therefore,development of new bioreceptors with a rapid screening method that are reliable and cost-effective is essential for improving the convenience in on-site monitoring of environmental pollutants.

Consumption of rice and fish in an electronic waste recycling area contributes significantly to total daily intake of mercury

Mercury is a global pollutant due to its widespread use,emission,and long-range transport（Blum,2013;Pacyna et al.,2010）.It is considered a priority pollutant due to its neurological toxicity,persistence,and bioaccumulation（Pacyna et al.,2010;Sharma et al.,2015）.Mercury pollution can occur when products that contain mercury are improperly disposed of and mercury is released into the air,water,and soil（Zhang and Wong,2007）.An estimated 22%of the annual world usage of mercury is in electrical equipment such as batteries,thermometers,and discharge lamps,and electronic devices such as monitors and

Comparative cytotoxicity of fourteen trivalent and pentavalent arsenic species determined using real-time cell sensing

The occurrence of a large number of diverse arsenic species in the environment and in biological systems makes it important to compare their relative toxicity. The toxicity of arsenic species has been examined in various cell lines using different assays, making comparison difficult. We report real-time cell sensing of two human cell lines to examine the cytotoxicity of fourteen arsenic species： arsenite（As~Ⅲ）, monomethylarsonous acid（MMA~Ⅲ） originating from the oxide and iodide forms, dimethylarsinous acid（DMA~Ⅲ）, dimethylarsinic glutathione（DMAG~Ⅲ）, phenylarsine oxide（PAO~Ⅲ）, arsenate（AsV）, monomethylarsonic acid（MMA~Ⅴ）, dimethylarsinic acid（DMA~Ⅴ）,monomethyltrithioarsonate（MMTTA~Ⅴ）, dimethylmonothioarsinate（DMMTA~Ⅴ）,dimethyldithioarsinate（DMDTA~Ⅴ）, 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid（Roxarsone, Rox）,and 4-aminobenzenearsenic acid（p-arsanilic acid, p-ASA）. Cellular responses were measured in real time for 72 hr in human lung（A549） and bladder（T24） cells. IC50 values for the arsenicals were determined continuously over the exposure time, giving rise to IC50 histograms and unique cell response profiles. Arsenic accumulation and speciation were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）. On the basis of the 24-hr IC50 values, the relative cytotoxicity of the tested arsenicals was in the following decreasing order： PAO~Ⅲ？ MMA~Ⅲ≥ DMA~Ⅲ≥ DMAG~Ⅲ≈ DMMTA~Ⅴ≥ As~Ⅲ？ MMTTA~Ⅴ〉 AsV〉 DMDTA~Ⅴ〉DMA~Ⅴ〉 MMA~Ⅴ≥ Rox ≥ p-ASA. Stepwise shapes of cell response profiles for DMA~Ⅲ, DMAG~Ⅲ,and DMMTA~Ⅴcoincided with the conversion of these arsenicals to the less toxic pentavalent DMA~Ⅴ. Dynamic monitoring of real-time cellular responses to fourteen arsenicals provided useful information for comparison of their relative cytotoxicity.

Methylated and thiolated arsenic species for environmental and health research——A review on synthesis and characterization

Hundreds of millions of people around the world are exposed to elevated concentrations of inorganic and organic arsenic compounds, increasing the risk of a wide range of health effects. Studies of the environmental fate and human health effects of arsenic require authentic arsenic compounds. We summarize here the synthesis and characterization of more than a dozen methylated and thiolated arsenic compounds that are not commercially available. We discuss the methods of synthesis for the following14 trivalent（Ⅲ） and pentavalent（） arsenic compounds： monomethylarsonous acid（MMA~Ⅲ）, dicysteinylmethyldithioarsenite（MMA~Ⅲ（Cys）_2）, monomethylarsonic acid（MMA~Ⅴ）,monomethylmonothioarsonic acid（MMMTAⅤ） or monothio-MMA~Ⅴ, monomethyldithioarsonic acid（MMDTA~Ⅴ） or dithio-MMA~Ⅴ, monomethyltrithioarsonate（MMTTA~Ⅴ） or trithio-MMA~Ⅴ,dimethylarsinous acid（DMA~Ⅲ）, dimethylarsino-glutathione（DMA~Ⅲ（SG））, dimethylarsinic acid（DMA~Ⅴ）, dimethylmonothioarsinic acid（DMMTA~Ⅴ） or monothio-DMAⅤ, dimethyldithioarsinic acid（DMDTA~Ⅴ） or dithio-DMA~Ⅴ, trimethylarsine oxide（TMAO~Ⅴ）, arsenobetaine（AsB）, and an arsenicin-A model compound. We have reviewed and compared the available methods,synthesized the arsenic compounds in our laboratories, and provided characterization information. On the basis of reaction yield, ease of synthesis and purification of product, safety considerations, and our experience, we recommend a method for the synthesis of each of these arsenic compounds.

CRISPR单管等温扩增技术高灵敏检测核酸:以检测新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)RNA为例

簇状规则间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)及其相关蛋白(Cas)系统在分子检测领域正在快速发展,在核酸识别上已展现出高特异性、可编程性和多系统兼容性,成为一种极具潜力的分子诊断工具.单独CRISPR-Cas系统检测RNA的灵敏度受到其反式切割动力学限制,因此需要与等温核酸扩增技术联用.将两个体系整合在单管中反应有两种策略:(1)将等温扩增与CRISPR-Cas体系分隔在管内不同位置进行分步反应;(2)在均相混合液中完成核酸扩增与检测.单管检测的关键是对多个反应的兼容性进行研究,从而最大限度地提升两种体系在同一条件下的性能,最后实现超高灵敏、快速、便捷地检测核酸.本文聚焦于基于CRISPR的单管超灵敏SARS-CoV-2 RNA检测技术,从方法开发的原理、性能和挑战等多个方面综述了近期的研究进展和发展方向,并指出理解CRISPR-Cas系统的反式切割动力学的重要性.

Simultaneous removal of arsenic and antimony from mining wastewater

Arsenic(As)and antimony(Sb)rank 1 st and 244 th,respectively,on the 2019 Substance Priority List of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR,2019).ATSDR lists substances,in order of priority,that are"most commonly found at facilities on the National Priorities List(NPL)and which are determined to pose the most significant potential threat to human health due to their known or suspected toxicity and potential for human exposure at these NPL sites".