[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of raising chickens under Moringa oleifera forests on soil nutrient changes and selenium absorption by M.oleifera.[Methods]The nutrient contents of the s...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of raising chickens under Moringa oleifera forests on soil nutrient changes and selenium absorption by M.oleifera.[Methods]The nutrient contents of the soil and the selenium contents of different parts of M.oleifera were determined and analyzed.[Results]Raising chickens under the investigated M.oleifera forest improved the soil.Compared with the control,the soil organic matter,hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium of the plots for underforest chicken raising were significantly improved;the changes were the most significant within the range of 2 m from the chicken houses,respectively,and the values were 1.39,1.38,1.52 and 1.31 times of the control,respectively;soil bulk density decreased,total porosity increased,soil structure and permeability improved,and soil pH values at 2 and 5 m away from the chicken houses were significantly higher than the control by 0.34 and 0.28 unit,respectively;and raising chickens under the forest promoted the absorption and utilization of selenium in M.oleifera,and the selenium contents in stems and leaves of M.oleifera were 1.64 times and 1.51 times of the control,respectively.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the high-value selenium-enriching compound economic model of raising chickens under M.oleifera forests.展开更多
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus patients and is characterized by thickened glomeruIar basement membrane, increased extracellular matrix formation,...Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus patients and is characterized by thickened glomeruIar basement membrane, increased extracellular matrix formation, and podocyte loss. These phenomena lead to proteinuria and altered glomerular filtration rate, that is, the rate initially increases but progressively decreases. DN has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Its prevalence shows a rapid growth trend and causes heavy social and economic burden in many countries. However, this disease is multifactorial, and its mechanism is poorly understood due to the complex pathogenesis of DN. In this review, we highlight the new molecular insights about the pathogenesis of DN from the aspects of immune inflammation response, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, epigenetics, and podocyte-endothelial communication. This work offers groundwork for understanding the initiation and progression of DN, as well as provides ideas for developing new prevention and treatment measures.展开更多
Optical selection rules fundamentally determine the optical transitions between energy states in a variety of physical systems,from hydrogen atoms to bulk crystals such as gallium arsenide.These rules are important fo...Optical selection rules fundamentally determine the optical transitions between energy states in a variety of physical systems,from hydrogen atoms to bulk crystals such as gallium arsenide.These rules are important for optoelectronic applications such as lasers,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and quantum computation.Recently,single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides have been found to exhibit valleys in momentum space with nontrivial Berry curvature and excitons with large binding energy.However,there has been little study of how the unique valley degree of freedom combined with the strong excitonic effect influences the nonlinear optical excitation.Here,we report the discovery of nonlinear optical selection rules in monolayer WS2,an important candidate for visible 2D optoelectronics because of its high quantum yield and large direct bandgap.We experimentally demonstrated this principle for second-harmonic generation and two-photon luminescence(TPL).Moreover,the circularly polarized TPL and the study of its dynamics evince a sub-ps interexciton relaxation(2p R 1s).The discovery of this new optical selection rule in a valleytronic 2D system not only considerably enhances knowledge in this area but also establishes a foundation for the control of optical transitions that will be crucial for valley optoelectronic device applications such as 2D valley-polarized THz sources with 2p–1s transitions,optical switches,and coherent control for quantum computing.展开更多
Netrin-1,an axon guidance factor,and its receptor UNC5B play important roles in axonal development and angiogenesis.This study examined netrin-1 and UNC5B expression in kidneys with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and i...Netrin-1,an axon guidance factor,and its receptor UNC5B play important roles in axonal development and angiogenesis.This study examined netrin-1 and UNC5B expression in kidneys with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and investigated their roles in angiogenesis.Netrin-1 and UNC5B were upregulated in streptozotocininduced DKD Wistar rats,and their expression was compared with that in healthy controls.However,exogenous netrin-1 in UNC5B-depleted human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) inhibited cell migration and tubulogenesis.This effect was likely associated with SRC pathway deactivation.Netrin-1 treatment also eliminated the pro-angiogenic effects of exogenous VEGF-165 on UNC5B-silenced HRGECs.These results indicate that UNC5B antagonizes netrin-1 and that UNC5B upregulation contributes partly to enhancing angiogenesis in DKD.Therefore,introducing exogenous netrin-1 and depleting endogenous UNC5B are potential strategies for reducing the incidence of early angiogenesis and mitigating kidney injury in DKD.展开更多
Second-harmonic generation(SHG)has found extensive applications from hand-held laser pointers to spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.Recently,some cleavable van der Waals(vdW)crystals have shown SHG arising from ...Second-harmonic generation(SHG)has found extensive applications from hand-held laser pointers to spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.Recently,some cleavable van der Waals(vdW)crystals have shown SHG arising from a single atomic layer,where the SH light elucidated important information such as the grain boundaries and electronic structure in these ultra-thin materials.However,despite the inversion asymmetry of the single layer,the typical crystal stacking restores inversion symmetry for even numbers of layers leading to an oscillatory SH response,drastically reducing the applicability of vdW crystals such as molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)).Here,we probe the SHG generated from the noncentrosymmetric 3R crystal phase of MoS_(2).We experimentally observed quadratic dependence of second-harmonic intensity on layer number as a result of atomically phase-matched nonlinear dipoles in layers of the 3R crystal that constructively interfere.By studying the layer evolution of the A and B excitonic transitions in 3R-MoS_(2) using SHG spectroscopy,we also found distinct electronic structure differences arising from the crystal structure and the dramatic effect of symmetry and layer stacking on the nonlinear properties of these atomic crystals.The constructive nature of the SHG in this 2D crystal provides a platform to reliably develop atomically flat and controllably thin nonlinear media.展开更多
This study aimed to compare clinical features between membranous nephropathy (MN) and nonmembranous nephropathy (non-MN), to explore the clinically difTerential diagnosis of these two types, and to establish a diagnos...This study aimed to compare clinical features between membranous nephropathy (MN) and nonmembranous nephropathy (non-MN), to explore the clinically difTerential diagnosis of these two types, and to establish a diagnostic model of MN. After renal biopsy was obtained, 798 patients were divided into two groups based on their examination results: primary MN group (n = 248) and non-MN group (n = 550). Their data were statistically analyzed. Logistic regression analysis indicated that anti-PLA2R antibodies, IgG, and Cr were independently correlated with MN, and these three parameters were then used to establish the MN diagnostic model. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed that our diagnostic model could distinguish between patients with and without MN, and their corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 79.9%, 89.4%, and 0.917, respectively. The cutoff value for this combination in MN diagnosis was 0.34. The established diagnostic model that combined multiple factors shows a potential for broad clinical applications in differentiating primary MN from other kidney diseases and provides reliable evidence supporting the feasibility of noninvasive diagnosis of kidney diseases.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Research and Technology Development Plan of Xixiangtang District,Nanning City(2019021702)Special Project of the Science and Technology Vanguard Special Action of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(GNKM 202114)+2 种基金Guangxi Selenium-rich Featured Crops Experimental Station(GTS2016011)Team Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(GNK 2020YT039)Nanning Science and Technology Research and Technology Development Key R&D Program Project(20202087,20212020).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of raising chickens under Moringa oleifera forests on soil nutrient changes and selenium absorption by M.oleifera.[Methods]The nutrient contents of the soil and the selenium contents of different parts of M.oleifera were determined and analyzed.[Results]Raising chickens under the investigated M.oleifera forest improved the soil.Compared with the control,the soil organic matter,hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium of the plots for underforest chicken raising were significantly improved;the changes were the most significant within the range of 2 m from the chicken houses,respectively,and the values were 1.39,1.38,1.52 and 1.31 times of the control,respectively;soil bulk density decreased,total porosity increased,soil structure and permeability improved,and soil pH values at 2 and 5 m away from the chicken houses were significantly higher than the control by 0.34 and 0.28 unit,respectively;and raising chickens under the forest promoted the absorption and utilization of selenium in M.oleifera,and the selenium contents in stems and leaves of M.oleifera were 1.64 times and 1.51 times of the control,respectively.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the high-value selenium-enriching compound economic model of raising chickens under M.oleifera forests.
文摘Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus patients and is characterized by thickened glomeruIar basement membrane, increased extracellular matrix formation, and podocyte loss. These phenomena lead to proteinuria and altered glomerular filtration rate, that is, the rate initially increases but progressively decreases. DN has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Its prevalence shows a rapid growth trend and causes heavy social and economic burden in many countries. However, this disease is multifactorial, and its mechanism is poorly understood due to the complex pathogenesis of DN. In this review, we highlight the new molecular insights about the pathogenesis of DN from the aspects of immune inflammation response, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, epigenetics, and podocyte-endothelial communication. This work offers groundwork for understanding the initiation and progression of DN, as well as provides ideas for developing new prevention and treatment measures.
基金This work was supported by the“Light-Material Interactions in Energy Conversion”Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-AC02-05CH11231.
文摘Optical selection rules fundamentally determine the optical transitions between energy states in a variety of physical systems,from hydrogen atoms to bulk crystals such as gallium arsenide.These rules are important for optoelectronic applications such as lasers,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and quantum computation.Recently,single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides have been found to exhibit valleys in momentum space with nontrivial Berry curvature and excitons with large binding energy.However,there has been little study of how the unique valley degree of freedom combined with the strong excitonic effect influences the nonlinear optical excitation.Here,we report the discovery of nonlinear optical selection rules in monolayer WS2,an important candidate for visible 2D optoelectronics because of its high quantum yield and large direct bandgap.We experimentally demonstrated this principle for second-harmonic generation and two-photon luminescence(TPL).Moreover,the circularly polarized TPL and the study of its dynamics evince a sub-ps interexciton relaxation(2p R 1s).The discovery of this new optical selection rule in a valleytronic 2D system not only considerably enhances knowledge in this area but also establishes a foundation for the control of optical transitions that will be crucial for valley optoelectronic device applications such as 2D valley-polarized THz sources with 2p–1s transitions,optical switches,and coherent control for quantum computing.
基金This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC1305500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81770725,61671479,and 61971441).
文摘Netrin-1,an axon guidance factor,and its receptor UNC5B play important roles in axonal development and angiogenesis.This study examined netrin-1 and UNC5B expression in kidneys with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and investigated their roles in angiogenesis.Netrin-1 and UNC5B were upregulated in streptozotocininduced DKD Wistar rats,and their expression was compared with that in healthy controls.However,exogenous netrin-1 in UNC5B-depleted human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) inhibited cell migration and tubulogenesis.This effect was likely associated with SRC pathway deactivation.Netrin-1 treatment also eliminated the pro-angiogenic effects of exogenous VEGF-165 on UNC5B-silenced HRGECs.These results indicate that UNC5B antagonizes netrin-1 and that UNC5B upregulation contributes partly to enhancing angiogenesis in DKD.Therefore,introducing exogenous netrin-1 and depleting endogenous UNC5B are potential strategies for reducing the incidence of early angiogenesis and mitigating kidney injury in DKD.
基金supported by the Office of Naval Research(ONR)MURI program under Grant No.N00014-13-1-0649the National Science Foundation(NSF,Grant No.EFMA-1542741)+2 种基金support from NSF Graduate Research Fellowship(Grant No.DGE 1106400)support from the Grants-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research(No.25000003)by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)supported by JSPS through a research fellowship for young scientists and through the Materials Education Program for the Future Leaders in Research,Industry and Technology(MERIT).
文摘Second-harmonic generation(SHG)has found extensive applications from hand-held laser pointers to spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.Recently,some cleavable van der Waals(vdW)crystals have shown SHG arising from a single atomic layer,where the SH light elucidated important information such as the grain boundaries and electronic structure in these ultra-thin materials.However,despite the inversion asymmetry of the single layer,the typical crystal stacking restores inversion symmetry for even numbers of layers leading to an oscillatory SH response,drastically reducing the applicability of vdW crystals such as molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)).Here,we probe the SHG generated from the noncentrosymmetric 3R crystal phase of MoS_(2).We experimentally observed quadratic dependence of second-harmonic intensity on layer number as a result of atomically phase-matched nonlinear dipoles in layers of the 3R crystal that constructively interfere.By studying the layer evolution of the A and B excitonic transitions in 3R-MoS_(2) using SHG spectroscopy,we also found distinct electronic structure differences arising from the crystal structure and the dramatic effect of symmetry and layer stacking on the nonlinear properties of these atomic crystals.The constructive nature of the SHG in this 2D crystal provides a platform to reliably develop atomically flat and controllably thin nonlinear media.
基金National Key R&D Program of China (No.2016YFC1305500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61471399 and 61671479)+1 种基金Innovation Nursery Fund of PLA General Hospital (No.15KMZ04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81401719).
文摘This study aimed to compare clinical features between membranous nephropathy (MN) and nonmembranous nephropathy (non-MN), to explore the clinically difTerential diagnosis of these two types, and to establish a diagnostic model of MN. After renal biopsy was obtained, 798 patients were divided into two groups based on their examination results: primary MN group (n = 248) and non-MN group (n = 550). Their data were statistically analyzed. Logistic regression analysis indicated that anti-PLA2R antibodies, IgG, and Cr were independently correlated with MN, and these three parameters were then used to establish the MN diagnostic model. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed that our diagnostic model could distinguish between patients with and without MN, and their corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 79.9%, 89.4%, and 0.917, respectively. The cutoff value for this combination in MN diagnosis was 0.34. The established diagnostic model that combined multiple factors shows a potential for broad clinical applications in differentiating primary MN from other kidney diseases and provides reliable evidence supporting the feasibility of noninvasive diagnosis of kidney diseases.