应用近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学法快速预测民勤羊肉(地理标志产品)营养成分含量,旨在为定量检测民勤羊肉营养成分含量提供理论依据以及为民勤羊肉的营养特性和产品价值提供技术支持。采集民勤90头羊的背最长肌肉、前腿肉、后腿肉共26...应用近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学法快速预测民勤羊肉(地理标志产品)营养成分含量,旨在为定量检测民勤羊肉营养成分含量提供理论依据以及为民勤羊肉的营养特性和产品价值提供技术支持。采集民勤90头羊的背最长肌肉、前腿肉、后腿肉共269份肉样,并采集近红外光谱。采用多种预处理方法建立羊肉肌肉脂肪、蛋白质和脂肪酸含量的主成分回归法(principal component regression,PCR)、偏最小二乘法(partial least squared PLS)、改良偏最小二乘法(modified partial least squared,MPLS)的定标模型。除硬脂酸最佳建模方法为PLS外,其余指标模型最佳建模方法均为MPLS。其中,脂肪、蛋白、单不饱和脂肪酸模型的决定系数(RSQ)均在0.9以上,分别为0.936、0.916、0.911;棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸模型RSQ值均大于0.8,小于0.9,分别为0.806、0.843、0.883、0.852、0.895;肉豆蔻酸和硬脂酸模型RSQ值均小于0.7,分别为0.323和0.561。说明应用近红外技术结合化学计量学法可以有效预测羊肉肌肉营养成分含量。展开更多
在甘肃省民勤县采集227份青贮玉米(Zea mays)样品,采用改良偏最小二乘的化学计量学方法,用3种导数处理和10种光谱散射处理相结合的方法,建立青贮玉米原料不同部位(组织)的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维(neutral deterge...在甘肃省民勤县采集227份青贮玉米(Zea mays)样品,采用改良偏最小二乘的化学计量学方法,用3种导数处理和10种光谱散射处理相结合的方法,建立青贮玉米原料不同部位(组织)的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)和酸性洗涤木质素(acid detergent lignin,ADL)等养分含量的近红外预测模型,旨在利用近红外光谱技术建立青贮玉米不同部位(组织)养分含量的近红外预测模型。结果表明:1)ADF含量预测模型的决定系数(coefficient of determination for validation,RSQV)和外部验证相对分析误差(ratio of performance to deviation for validation,RPD)均高于其他成分,而NDF、粗蛋白和有机物含量的RSQV和RPD均低于ADF;ADF、NDF、粗蛋白和有机物这4个指标的RSQV均大于0.9,且其RPD均大于2.5,能用于实际生产中准确分析;2)粗脂肪含量的RSQV和RPD分别为0.701和1.838,建立的模型只能用于样品的粗略预测;3)干物质、ADL含量的RSQV和RPD分别为0.525和1.549、0.631和1.602,这2种营养成分的预测模型不能用于实际生产中的检测,模型还需要进一步优化。综上所述,本试验初步建立了青贮玉米不同部位(组织)ADF、NDF、粗蛋白和有机物含量这4种营养成分近红外预测模型,能够应用于生产实际。展开更多
为探索发酵菌剂在巨菌草青贮中的效果,以不添加任何菌剂为对照,研究了3种发酵菌剂(EM菌液、聚能发酵剂、酶菌复合剂)对巨菌草青贮发酵品质的影响。结果表明,在巨菌草中添加微生物发酵菌剂后,一定程度上改善了青贮饲料的品质,使巨菌草青...为探索发酵菌剂在巨菌草青贮中的效果,以不添加任何菌剂为对照,研究了3种发酵菌剂(EM菌液、聚能发酵剂、酶菌复合剂)对巨菌草青贮发酵品质的影响。结果表明,在巨菌草中添加微生物发酵菌剂后,一定程度上改善了青贮饲料的品质,使巨菌草青贮饲料pH降低,中性洗涤纤维减少,营养成分得到较好的保存。其中以每1 t巨菌草揉丝原料添加2 L EM菌液处理组效果最好,不仅降低了巨菌草青贮饲料的pH,而且提高了粗蛋白含量,是3种供试发酵菌剂中的最优菌剂。展开更多
[ Objective ] This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary betaine on peiformance, egg quality and serum biochemical parameters of lay- ing hens under heat stress condition. [ Method] A total of 600 2...[ Objective ] This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary betaine on peiformance, egg quality and serum biochemical parameters of lay- ing hens under heat stress condition. [ Method] A total of 600 22-week-old commercial Roman laying hens were randomly divided into five groups, with eight repli- cates in each group and 15 hens in each replicate. Group I was taken as the positive control group, and laying hens in group ] were fed with basal diets in anrmal thermal environment. Temperature humidity index of group 1 was between 64.9 and 68.9. Group II was taken as the negative control group, and laying hens in group II were fed with basal diets under heal stress condition. Temperature humidity index of group II was higher than 72. laying hens in groups llI-V were fed with basal diets supplemented with 200,400 and 600 mg/kg betaine under heat stress condition respectively, and temperature humidity indexes in groups III-V were all higher than 72. The experiment lasted for 14 weeks. [ Results ] Results showed that there were no significant differences in average daily feed intake, feed egg ratio and broken egg rate among different test groups （P 〉 0.05 ）. Hen-housed laying rate, hen-housed egg yield, serum total protein （TP） content and serum alkaline phosphatase （AKP） activity in group II were significantly lower than those in group I（ P 〈0.05 ）. However, activities of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase （GOT）, creatine kinase （CK） and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase （GPT） in group II were significantly higher than those in group i （P 〈0.05 ）. Hen-housed laying rate, hen-housed egg yield and serum TP content in group IV were significantly higher than those in group II（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Hen-housed egg yield, serum TP eontent and serum albumin （ALB） content in group V were significantly higher than those in group II（P 〈0.05）. Activities of serum CK and Girl in groups IV and V were significantly lower than those in group II （ P 〈 0.05 ）, serum triglyceride （TG） content in group V was significantly lower than that in group 11 （ P 〈 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion] Metabolism and physiological function of laying hens could be affected by heat stress, and which caused a decline in performance. Adding of dietary betaine in diets could improve hen-housed egg production and hen-housed laying rate, which could also improve the health of laying hens under heat stress condi- tion. The appropriate dietary adding content of betaine was 400 mg/kg.展开更多
文摘应用近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学法快速预测民勤羊肉(地理标志产品)营养成分含量,旨在为定量检测民勤羊肉营养成分含量提供理论依据以及为民勤羊肉的营养特性和产品价值提供技术支持。采集民勤90头羊的背最长肌肉、前腿肉、后腿肉共269份肉样,并采集近红外光谱。采用多种预处理方法建立羊肉肌肉脂肪、蛋白质和脂肪酸含量的主成分回归法(principal component regression,PCR)、偏最小二乘法(partial least squared PLS)、改良偏最小二乘法(modified partial least squared,MPLS)的定标模型。除硬脂酸最佳建模方法为PLS外,其余指标模型最佳建模方法均为MPLS。其中,脂肪、蛋白、单不饱和脂肪酸模型的决定系数(RSQ)均在0.9以上,分别为0.936、0.916、0.911;棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸模型RSQ值均大于0.8,小于0.9,分别为0.806、0.843、0.883、0.852、0.895;肉豆蔻酸和硬脂酸模型RSQ值均小于0.7,分别为0.323和0.561。说明应用近红外技术结合化学计量学法可以有效预测羊肉肌肉营养成分含量。
文摘在甘肃省民勤县采集227份青贮玉米(Zea mays)样品,采用改良偏最小二乘的化学计量学方法,用3种导数处理和10种光谱散射处理相结合的方法,建立青贮玉米原料不同部位(组织)的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)和酸性洗涤木质素(acid detergent lignin,ADL)等养分含量的近红外预测模型,旨在利用近红外光谱技术建立青贮玉米不同部位(组织)养分含量的近红外预测模型。结果表明:1)ADF含量预测模型的决定系数(coefficient of determination for validation,RSQV)和外部验证相对分析误差(ratio of performance to deviation for validation,RPD)均高于其他成分,而NDF、粗蛋白和有机物含量的RSQV和RPD均低于ADF;ADF、NDF、粗蛋白和有机物这4个指标的RSQV均大于0.9,且其RPD均大于2.5,能用于实际生产中准确分析;2)粗脂肪含量的RSQV和RPD分别为0.701和1.838,建立的模型只能用于样品的粗略预测;3)干物质、ADL含量的RSQV和RPD分别为0.525和1.549、0.631和1.602,这2种营养成分的预测模型不能用于实际生产中的检测,模型还需要进一步优化。综上所述,本试验初步建立了青贮玉米不同部位(组织)ADF、NDF、粗蛋白和有机物含量这4种营养成分近红外预测模型,能够应用于生产实际。
文摘为探索发酵菌剂在巨菌草青贮中的效果,以不添加任何菌剂为对照,研究了3种发酵菌剂(EM菌液、聚能发酵剂、酶菌复合剂)对巨菌草青贮发酵品质的影响。结果表明,在巨菌草中添加微生物发酵菌剂后,一定程度上改善了青贮饲料的品质,使巨菌草青贮饲料pH降低,中性洗涤纤维减少,营养成分得到较好的保存。其中以每1 t巨菌草揉丝原料添加2 L EM菌液处理组效果最好,不仅降低了巨菌草青贮饲料的pH,而且提高了粗蛋白含量,是3种供试发酵菌剂中的最优菌剂。
基金Supported by Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Youth Fund Project(2014GAAS33)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2013GAAS04)
文摘[ Objective ] This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary betaine on peiformance, egg quality and serum biochemical parameters of lay- ing hens under heat stress condition. [ Method] A total of 600 22-week-old commercial Roman laying hens were randomly divided into five groups, with eight repli- cates in each group and 15 hens in each replicate. Group I was taken as the positive control group, and laying hens in group ] were fed with basal diets in anrmal thermal environment. Temperature humidity index of group 1 was between 64.9 and 68.9. Group II was taken as the negative control group, and laying hens in group II were fed with basal diets under heal stress condition. Temperature humidity index of group II was higher than 72. laying hens in groups llI-V were fed with basal diets supplemented with 200,400 and 600 mg/kg betaine under heat stress condition respectively, and temperature humidity indexes in groups III-V were all higher than 72. The experiment lasted for 14 weeks. [ Results ] Results showed that there were no significant differences in average daily feed intake, feed egg ratio and broken egg rate among different test groups （P 〉 0.05 ）. Hen-housed laying rate, hen-housed egg yield, serum total protein （TP） content and serum alkaline phosphatase （AKP） activity in group II were significantly lower than those in group I（ P 〈0.05 ）. However, activities of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase （GOT）, creatine kinase （CK） and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase （GPT） in group II were significantly higher than those in group i （P 〈0.05 ）. Hen-housed laying rate, hen-housed egg yield and serum TP content in group IV were significantly higher than those in group II（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Hen-housed egg yield, serum TP eontent and serum albumin （ALB） content in group V were significantly higher than those in group II（P 〈0.05）. Activities of serum CK and Girl in groups IV and V were significantly lower than those in group II （ P 〈 0.05 ）, serum triglyceride （TG） content in group V was significantly lower than that in group 11 （ P 〈 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion] Metabolism and physiological function of laying hens could be affected by heat stress, and which caused a decline in performance. Adding of dietary betaine in diets could improve hen-housed egg production and hen-housed laying rate, which could also improve the health of laying hens under heat stress condi- tion. The appropriate dietary adding content of betaine was 400 mg/kg.
