椎间盘镜与椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出疗效比较的Meta分析

目的比较椎间盘镜和椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法通过检索Pub Med、Web of Science、Embase、万方和中国知网5个数据库,由两位作者独立筛选出相关文章。运用Cochrane风险因素来评估随机对照试验(RCT)文章质量,运用修改的Newcastle-Ottawa量表进行回顾性文献的质量评估。文章中的数据应用Review Manager 5.3软件进行提取。结果最后有19篇相关研究被纳入此次Meta分析。椎间孔镜术后短期视觉模拟评分法(VAS)改善明显优于椎间盘镜组(P=0.010),而手术后远期VAS评分变化(P=0.120)、Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(ODI)评分变化(P=0.260)、并发症(P=0.100)和残留或复发率(P=0.100)比较,两组差异均无统计学意义。椎间孔镜组出血量更少(P=0.000),切口长度更短(P=0.000),住院天数更少(P=0.000),但是椎间孔镜的手术时间较椎间盘镜组长(P=0.001)。结论在椎间盘突出的手术治疗方面,经皮椎间孔镜技术无疑是一种更加微创且安全的手术方法。

Lentivirus carrying the Atoh1 gene infects normal rat cochlea

Lentivirus carrying the Atohl gene can infect Corti＇s organ and express a hair-like cell surface marker in the supporting cell area. However, expression of the gene carried by adenovirus is instantaneous, which undoubtedly limits its clinical application. Lentivirus acts as a carrier that can stably and continuously express genes. In this study, the cochlear structure and hearing level were not affected, and Atohl gene carried by lentivirus promoted the production of hair-like cells in the cochlear supporting cell area. This led to expression of the hair-like cell surface marker myosin 7a 30 days after lentivirus carrying Atohl was microinjected into the cochlear round window of rats.

Revisiting the role of delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase in drought-tolerant crop breeding

The delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase(P5CS)gene exercises a protective function in stressed plants.However,the relationship between proline accumulation caused by P5CS and abiotic stress tolerance in plants is not always clear,as P5CS overexpression has been reported to repress plant growth under normal conditions in several reports.We re-evaluated the role of P5CS in drought-tolerant rice breeding by expressing the AtP5CS1 and feedback-inhibition-removed AtP5CS1(AtP5CS1^(F128A))genes under the regulation of an ABA-inducible promoter to avoid the potential side effects of P5CS overexpression under normal conditions.ABA-inducible AtP5CS1 and AtP5CS1^(F128A) increased seedling growth in a nutrient solution(under osmotic stress)and grain yield in pot plants.However,the evidently deleterious effects of AtP5CS1 on grain quality,tiller number,and grain yield in the field indicated the unsuitability of P5CS for drought-tolerance breeding.

Observation and optimization of 2 μm mode‐locked pulses in all‐fiber net anomalous dispersion laser cavity

We integrally demonstrate 2μm mode-locked pulses performances in all-fiber net anomalous dispersion cavity.Stable mode-locking operations with the center wavelength around 1950–1980 nm can be achieved by using the nonlinear polarization rotation structure and properly designing the dispersion management component.Conventional soliton is firstly obtained with a total anomalous dispersion cavity.Due to the contribution of commercial ultra-high numerical aperture fibers,net dispersion is reduced to-0.077 ps2.So that stretched pulse with 19.4 nm optical bandwidth is obtained and the de-chirped pulse-width can reach 312 fs using extra-cavity compression.Under pump power greater than 890 mW,stretched pulse can evolve into noise-like pulse with 41.3 nm bandwidth.The envelope and peak of such broadband pulse can be compressed with up to 2.2 ps and 145 fs,respectively.The single pulse energy of largely chirped stretched and noise-like pulse can reach 1.785 nJ and 1.53 nJ,respectively.Furthermore,extra-cavity compression can also contribute to a significant increase of peak power.

Screening of SARS-CoV-2 in 299 Hospitalized Children with Hematooncological Diseases:A Multicenter Survey in Hubei,China

Summary:The SARS-CoV-2 infection status of hospitalized children was surveyed in the department of pediatric hematology and oncology in three different hospitals of epidemic areas in Hubei,China.A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the clinical characteristics,lung CT scan,SARS CoV-2 nucleic acid test and serum antibodics of hospitalized children with hemato-oncological diseases from January 23 to April 24,2020.299 children were enrolled in this study,including 176 males(58.9%)and 123 females(41.1%),aged from 2 months to 16 years.255 cases(85.3%)received chemotherapy or other immunosuppressive therapies,and there were 44 cases(14.7%)of other benign diseases.Nucleic acid test was performed on 258 children(86.3%)and one case was positive.163 cases(54.5%)were tested for serum antibodies,and all of them were negative.Lung CT scan was performed on 247 children(82.6%),and 107 of them showed infectious changes.Only one case(0.33%)of COVID-19 was diagnosed in the group.The prevalence rate of COVID-19 in enrolled children with hemato-oncological diseases in Hubei was 0.33%.Immunosuppressed patients are not prone to produce related antibodies.Comprehensive protective measures and ward management can reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the group patients.

Infant with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 and normal chest computed tomography:A case report

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)is a highly pathogenic respiratory disease that mainly affects adults and elderly patients.Yet,over the past three years,there were an increasing number of infected children;however,only a few cases of infants with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 and chest computed tomography(CT)normal have been reported.Herein,we reported a single case of a patient(a 3-mo-old girl)with COVID-19,including her clinical and imaging findings.CASE SUMMARY The patient with fever,diarrhea came to fever clinic.Her chest CT was normal.The patient was treated accordingly,the fever disappeared while diarrhea persisted,what’s more,RT-PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swab showed positive results;thus,the patient was admitted to the pediatric department on the 5 th day of onset.The child was given systematic treatment,and all her symptoms significantly improved.Consecutive RT-PCR tests were negative after examining the pharyngeal swabs but positive after analyzing anal swabs.She was discharged on the 31 st day of hospitalization.CONCLUSION This report provides useful references for treating infantile COVID-19 cases with diarrhea or other non-respiratory symptoms and normal chest CT scan.Given the persistent positive RT-PCR results of anal swabs,the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 should be considered.

The Role of Imaging in Diagnosis of Urolithiasis and Nephrolithiasis—A Literature Review Article

Urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis is a common ailment in the emergency room. The clinical presentation of a kidney stone includes fever, nausea, vomiting, acute flank pain radiating to the groin or the back. The pain is often described as stabbing and there is tachycardia, with or without hematuria for the severe patient. For the triad for urinary or kidney stones, some people say they are fever, vomiting, and acute flank pain. So in acute setting analgesia is given with or without an antiemetic to prevent vomiting IV fluids administered carefully. Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for diagnosis. Most of urinary stones get washouts spontaneously if it is less than 5 mm without any intervention. However, if intervention is required either it is done by elective or as soon as possible by the intervention. I mean surgical management and surgical management will depend on how big the kidney stone is in there as well as where the kidney stone is if it is within the ureter or within the actual kidney.

DFDVis:A Visual Analytics System for Understanding the Semantics of Data Flow Diagram

Data flow diagram(DFD),as a special kind of data,is a design artifact in both requirement analysis and structured analysis in software development.However,rigorous analysis of DFD requires a formal semantics.Formal representation of DFD and its formal semantics will help to reduce inconsistencies and confusion.The logical structure of DFD can be described using formalism of Calculus of Communicating System(CCS).With a finite number of states based on CCS,state space methods will help a lot in analysis and verification of the behavior of the systems.But the number of states of even a relatively small system is often very great that is called state explosion.In this paper,we present a visual system which combines Formal methods and visualization techniques so as to help the researchers to understand and analyze the system described by the DFD regardless of the problem of state explosion.

(Ba,K)Fe_(2)As_(2)铁基超导多芯线材的晶间耦合强化与性能提高

铁基超导材料在高场超导磁体领域具有很大的应用潜力,而研究具有高传输临界电流密度的多芯复合包套线材对于其实际应用至关重要.本研究基于粉末装管法,结合孔型轧制工艺和热等静压烧结工艺制备了多芯Cu/Ag复合包套(Ba,K)Fe_(2)As_(2)(Ba-122)超导线材.通过对不同直径线材中Ba-122超导芯的质量密度、晶粒取向、晶粒尺寸、元素分布与线材的电流传输性能之间的关系进行系统研究,我们发现线径较小的样品中超导晶粒间的耦合得到了显著增强,其传输临界电流密度在4.2 K,10 T下达到3.3×10^(4)A cm^(-2),同时由于晶粒尺寸和超导芯丝的均匀性得到改善,其电流传输的一致性(n值)也获得有效提高.本研究为制备高性能、高度均匀的铁基超导多芯线材提供了一种可规模化的工艺路线,对促进铁基超导材料的高场强电应用有重要意义.

Nonlinear harmonic generation of terahertz waves in a topological valley polaritonic microcavity

Compact terahertz(THz)devices,especially for nonlinear THz components,have received more and more attention due to their potential applications in THz nonlinearity-based sensing,communications,and computing devices.However,effective means to enhance,control,and confine the nonlinear harmonics of THz waves remain a great challenge for micro-scale THz nonlinear devices.In this work,we have established a technique for nonlinear harmonic generation of THz waves based on phonon polariton-enhanced giant THz nonlinearity in a 2D-topologically protected valley photonic microcavity.Effective THz harmonic generation has been observed in both noncentrosymmetric and centrosymmetric nonlinear materials.These results can provide a valuable reference for the generation and control of THz high-harmonics,thus developing new nonlinear devices in the THz regime.

Reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanoparticles coated with chondroitin sulfate protect cartilage against osteoarthritis in vivo

Osteoarthritis(OA)is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease in joints.Current interventions confront systemic toxicity and insufficient bioavailability.The unbalanced microenvironment of OA joints mainly fosters over-expressed reactive oxygen species(ROS),extracellular matrix disintegration,and apoptosis of chondrocytes.In this study,a kind of ROS-scavenging,biodegradable and drug-free nanoparticles(PP NPs)were constructed by the crosslinking of poly(propylene fumarate)(PPF)and ROS-scavenging poly(thioketal)(PTK).The high content of PTK and high crosslinking density of PPF and PTK innovatively endowed the NPs with slow degradation and prolonged ROS-elimination ability.The NPs were further surface-modified with chondroitin sulfate(CS),one of the dietary supplements for osteoarthritis.The intrinsic properties of resultant PP-CS NPs were excavated in vitro and in vivo.The PP-CS NPs could desirably consume 1,10-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radicals without toxicity to RAW264.7 cells in vitro.With an average diameter of~300 nm,the PP-CS NPs could be intra-articular administrated in OA rats and showed prolonged joint retention time,allowing only one injection per month.Moreover,the PP-CS NPs possessed a prolonged ROS depletion and M2 macrophage induction effect,down-regulated inflammatory cytokines,and reduced glycosaminoglycans loss.Consequently,the PP-CS NPs protected articular surface erosion,inhibited uneven cartilage matrix,and attenuated OA progression.

Dual-engineered cartilage-targeting extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhance osteoarthritis treatment via miR-223/NLRP3/pyroptosis axis:Toward a precision therapy

Osteoarthritis(OA)is the most common disabling joint disease with no effective disease modifying drugs.Extracellular vesicles released by several types of mesenchymal stem cells could promote cartilage repair and ameliorate OA pathology in animal models,representing a novel therapeutic strategy.In this study,we demonstrated that extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-EVs)could maintain chondrocyte homeostasis and alleviate OA,and further revealed a novel molecular mechanism of this therapeutic effect.miR-223,which could directly bind with the 3′UTR of NLRP3 mRNA,was found to be a key miRNA for hUC-EVs to exert beneficial effects on inflammation inhibiting and cartilage protecting.For enhancing the effect on mitigating osteoarthritis,exogenous miR-223 was loaded into hUC-EVs by electroporation,and a collagen II-targeting peptide(WYRGRL)was modified onto the surface of hUC-EVs by genetic engineering to achieve a more targeted and efficient RNA delivery to the cartilage.The dual-engineered EVs showed a maximal effect on inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and chondrocyte pyroptosis,and offered excellent results for the treatment of OA.This study provides a novel theoretical basis and a promising therapeutic strategy for the application of engineered extracellular vesicles in OA treatment.

Magnonic frequency combs based on the resonantly enhanced magnetostrictive effect

A magnonic counterpart to optical frequency combs is vital for high-precision magnonic frequency metrology and spectroscopy.Here,we present an efficient mechanism for the generation of robust magnonic frequency combs in a yttrium iron garnet(YIG)sphere via magnetostrictive effects.We show that magnonic and vibrational dynamics in the ferrimagnetic sphere can be substantively modified in the presence of magnetostrictive effects,which results in degenerate and non-degenerate magnonic four-wave mixing and frequency conversion.Particularly,resonantly enhanced magnetostrictive effects can induce phonon laser action above a threshold,which leads to significant magnonic nonlinearity and enables a potentially practical scheme for the generation of robust magnonic frequency combs.Numerical calculations of both magnonic and phononic dynamics show excellent agreement with this theory.These results deepen our understanding of magnetostrictive interaction,open a novel and efficient pathway to realize magnonic frequency conversion and mixing in a magnonic device,and provide a sensitive tool for precision measurement.

Nonreciprocal microwave transmission under the joint mechanism of phase modulation and magnon Kerr nonlinearity effect

Nonreciprocal microwave devices,in which the transmission of waves is non-symmetric between two ports,are indispensable for the manipulation of information processing and communication.In this work,we show the nonreciprocal microwave transmission in a cavity magnonic system under the joint mechanism of phase modulation and magnon Kerr nonlinearity effect.In contrast to the schemes based on the standard phase modulation or magnon Kerr nonlinearity,we find that the joint mechanism enables the nonreciprocal transmission even at low power and makes us obtain a high nonreciprocal isolation ratio.Moreover,when two microwave modes are coupled to the magnon mode via a different coupling strength,the presented strong nonreciprocal response occurs,and it makes the nonreciprocal transmission manipulating by the magnetic field within a large adjustable range possible,which overcomes narrow operating bandwidths.This study may provide promising opportunities to realize nonreciprocal structures for wave transmission.

髓源性抑制细胞在多发性骨髓瘤中的研究进展

多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)是浆细胞恶性增殖性疾病,目前为血液系统第二大肿瘤。虽然蛋白酶体抑制剂和免疫治疗方案的应用改善了MM患者的预后,但大多数仍然无法被治愈,主要是因为MM细胞最终产生耐药。髓源性抑制细胞(myeloid-derived suppressor cells,MDSCs)是骨髓中髓系祖细胞分化受阻而形成的具有显著抑制T细胞免疫应答功能的一群异质性细胞,通过介导免疫抑制性作用促进MM的发展。MDSCs还刺激MM细胞增殖,诱导MM耐药和转移。本文综述了MDSCs在MM发生、发展中表现的多种机制,并探讨针对MDSCs的治疗策略在MM中的可行性及挑战,以期为MM治疗提供参考。

具有黏结颗粒的搅拌槽功率特性

功耗是搅拌反应器设计和放大过程的重要参数。在圆柱形搅拌槽内通过实验研究了相对液体体积、转速和物料高度对功耗的影响,采用离散元方法(DEM),用Hertz-Mindlin with JKR模型模拟了不同相对液体体积颗粒的黏结力对功耗的影响。结果表明,随相对液体体积增大,功耗呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,在相对液体体积为0.0162时达到最大值。随转速增大,功耗增长变快,但随相对液体体积增大,转速对功耗的影响指数呈先减小后增大的趋势。不同物料高度的功耗最大值均为饱和颗粒的1.8倍,不同物料高度的单位质量功耗随相对液体体积的增长速率几乎一致。提出了新的间接测量颗粒间黏结力的方法,发现功耗与黏结力呈线性关系。

Glucose Protects Cochlear Hair Cells Against Oxidative Stress and Attenuates Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice

Oxidative stress is the key determinant in the pathogenesis of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL). Given that cellular defense against oxidative stress is an energyconsuming process, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether increasing energy availability by glucose supplementation protects cochlear hair cells against oxidative stress and attenuates NIHL. Our results revealed that glucose supplementation reduced the noiseinduced formation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and consequently attenuated noise-induced loss of outer hair cells, inner hair cell synaptic ribbons, and NIHL in CBA/J mice. In cochlear explants, glucose supplementation increased the levels of ATP and NADPH, as well as attenuating H_2O_2-induced ROS production and cytotoxicity. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of glucose transporter type 1 activity abolished the protective effects of glucose against oxidative stress in HEI-OC1 cells. These findings suggest that energy availability is crucial for oxidative stress resistance and glucose supplementation offers a simple and effective approach for the protection of cochlear hair cells against oxidative stress and NIHL.

Clonal integration benefits invasive alien plants under water variability in a native community

Aims Many invasive alien plant species are clonal and can greatly propa-gate and spread through clonal integration(sharing resources between connected ramets)in heterogeneous and variable environ-ments.Here,we tested whether water variability influences clonal integration of invasive alien plant species and consequently facili-tates their growth and dominance in a native community.Methods We selected four typical invasive clonal plant species in China.Connected(with clonal integration)and disconnected(without clonal integration)clonal fragments were established either under constant watering or variable watering condition in an experimental native plant community consisting of three naturally co-occurring grassland species.Proximal part of the container received high nu-trient and distal part received low nutrient.Important Findings Clonal integration significantly increased biomass,aboveground mass and belowground mass of invasive alien plants in the proximal ramets,the distal ramets and the whole clone and de-creased the growth of native community.Interestingly,clonal in-tegration significantly increased the growth of invasive plants in variable watering.The positive effect of clonal integration was stronger in variable watering than in constant watering.Invasive plants with clonal integration had high biomass proportion(>0.6)in the whole community.Our results suggest that invasive clonal plants benefit more from clonal integration in variable water en-vironments when established in a native community,and to some extent,clonal integration potentially contribute greatly to the inva-siveness of alien clonal plants when they enter a new community with resource variability.

General Method of Building a Real-Time Optimization Policy for Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem

Currently, most of the policies for the dynamic demand vehicle routing problem are based on the traditional method for static problems as there is no general method for constructing a real-time optimization policy for the case of dynamic demand. Here, a new approach based on a combination of the rules from the static sub-problem to building real-time optimization policy is proposed. Real-time optimization policy is dividing the dynamic problem into a series of static sub-problems along the time axis and then solving the static ones. The static sub-problems’ transformation and solution rules include: Division rule, batch rule, objective rule, action rule and algorithm rule, and so on. Different combinations of these rules may constitute a variety of real-time optimization policy. According to this general method, two new policies called flexible G/G/m and flexible D/G/m were developed. The competitive analysis and the simulation results of these two policies proved that both are improvements upon the best existing policy.

Intact Canal Wall Mastoidectomy Combined with Balloon Dilation Eustachian Tuboplasty in the Treatment of Middle Ear Cholesterol Granuloma

To the Editor： Cholesterol granuloma （CG） refers to granulation tissue containing cholesterol crystals and giant cells and is a tbreign body response elicited by local tissues. The pathogenesis of middle ear CG can be explained using the classic obstruction-vacuum theory caused by negative middle ear pressure, The Eustachian tube （ET） plays a decisive role in influencing the gas exchange and maintaining the ventilation and pressure of the middle ear. The traditional treatment is mastoidectomy, routinely combined with middle ear ventilation tube insertion or tube insertion during re-examination after operation. Eustachian tuboplasty by balloon dilation can improve the pathological state of ET via specific mechanisms to achieve functional recovery and satisfactory clinical efficacy.