BACKGROUND Multiple sites of metastasis and desmoplastic reactions in the stroma are key features of human pancreatic cancer(PC).There are currently no simple and reliable animal models that can mimic these features f...BACKGROUND Multiple sites of metastasis and desmoplastic reactions in the stroma are key features of human pancreatic cancer(PC).There are currently no simple and reliable animal models that can mimic these features for accurate disease modeling.AIM To create a new xenograft animal model that can faithfully recapitulate the features of human PC.METHODS Interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma(IL2RG)gene knockout Syrian hamster was created and characterized.A panel of human PC cell lines were transplanted into IL2RG knockout Syrian hamsters and severe immune-deficient mice subcutaneously or orthotopically.Tumor growth,local invasion,remote organ metastasis,histopathology,and molecular alterations of tumor cells and stroma were compared over time.RESULTS The Syrian hamster with IL2RG gene knockout(named ZZU001)demonstrated an immune-deficient phenotype and function.ZZU001 hamsters faithfully recapitulated most features of human PC,in particular,they developed metastasis at multiple sites.PC tissues derived from ZZU001 hamsters displayed desmoplastic reactions in the stroma and epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotypes,whereas PC tissues derived from immune-deficient mice did not present such features.CONCLUSION ZZU001 hamsters engrafted with human PC cells are a superior animal model compared to immune-deficient mice.ZZU001 hamsters can be a valuable animal model for better understanding the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis and metastasis and the evaluation of new drugs targeting human PC.展开更多
Nitric oxide(NO)participates in various pathways and revealing its dynamics is critical for resolving its pathophysiology.While there are methods available for detecting biological NO,few are capable of tracking NO dy...Nitric oxide(NO)participates in various pathways and revealing its dynamics is critical for resolving its pathophysiology.While there are methods available for detecting biological NO,few are capable of tracking NO dynamics.Herein,inspired by the cellular machinery of reversible thiol modification by NO,we have successfully designed a family of cysteine analogues tagged with fluorophores for visualizing cellular NO dynamics.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key R and D Program of China,No.2016YFE0200800Nature Sciences Foundation of China,No.81771776+1 种基金Nature Sciences Foundation of China,No.U1704282Medical Research of Council,No.MR/M015696/1.
文摘BACKGROUND Multiple sites of metastasis and desmoplastic reactions in the stroma are key features of human pancreatic cancer(PC).There are currently no simple and reliable animal models that can mimic these features for accurate disease modeling.AIM To create a new xenograft animal model that can faithfully recapitulate the features of human PC.METHODS Interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma(IL2RG)gene knockout Syrian hamster was created and characterized.A panel of human PC cell lines were transplanted into IL2RG knockout Syrian hamsters and severe immune-deficient mice subcutaneously or orthotopically.Tumor growth,local invasion,remote organ metastasis,histopathology,and molecular alterations of tumor cells and stroma were compared over time.RESULTS The Syrian hamster with IL2RG gene knockout(named ZZU001)demonstrated an immune-deficient phenotype and function.ZZU001 hamsters faithfully recapitulated most features of human PC,in particular,they developed metastasis at multiple sites.PC tissues derived from ZZU001 hamsters displayed desmoplastic reactions in the stroma and epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotypes,whereas PC tissues derived from immune-deficient mice did not present such features.CONCLUSION ZZU001 hamsters engrafted with human PC cells are a superior animal model compared to immune-deficient mice.ZZU001 hamsters can be a valuable animal model for better understanding the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis and metastasis and the evaluation of new drugs targeting human PC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(nos.22077112,21778048,81673489,31871414,and 81125023)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(no.LR18H300001)National Science and Technology Major Project“Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program”(nos.2018ZX09711002-010-004,2018ZX09711002-007-002,2019ZX09201001-003-009,2019ZX09201001-003-010,and 2019ZX09201001-004-010),K.C.Wong Education Foundation,and Singapore University of Technology and Design(SUTD)[SUTD-ZJU IDEA grant nos.T1SRCI17126 and SUTD-ZJU(VP)201905].
文摘Nitric oxide(NO)participates in various pathways and revealing its dynamics is critical for resolving its pathophysiology.While there are methods available for detecting biological NO,few are capable of tracking NO dynamics.Herein,inspired by the cellular machinery of reversible thiol modification by NO,we have successfully designed a family of cysteine analogues tagged with fluorophores for visualizing cellular NO dynamics.