临床实践指南与系统评价/Meta分析注册平台的比较与应用

当今医学研究透明化概念备受关注。通过研究注册,向社会公开研究方案的概况及具体信息,可提高研究质量和透明度。当前可进行指南注册的机构主要为国际实践指南注册与透明化平台(Practice Guideline REgistration for TransPAREncy,PREPARE);系统评价/Meta分析注册机构主要有Cochrane协作网、PROSPERO(International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews,PROSPERO)国际化注册平台、JBI(Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI)循证卫生保健中心、Campbell协作网、环境证据协作网(The Collaboration for Environmental Evidence,CEE)以及最新启动使用的INPLASY(International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols,INPLASY)注册平台。本文介绍了上述各平台的基本信息,以及不同系统评价/Meta分析注册平台之间的异同,为相关科研工作者提供参考。

Review of copper and copper alloys as immune and antibacterial element

This review discussed the relationship among copper,human,and bacteria.Copper plays an important role in human immunity.Copper can boost human immune defense reactions at recommended intake level.The content mainly focused on copper antibacterial activity and copper antibacterial mechanisms.Conclusions stated that copper antibacterial activity is affected by copper homeostasis mechanisms in bacteria,adhesion,humidity,strain specificity,and manufacturing methods of antibacterial agents.For the preparation of particle antibacterial agents and surface antibacterial agents,this review discussed several manufacturing methods,such as sol−gel,cold spray,and biosynthesis belonging to chemical synthesis,physical synthesis,and biological synthesis,respectively.Sol−gel method contributes to the preparation of particle agents and surface agents.Cold spray technique is utilized in synthesis of surface copper agent.Biosynthesis is a novel technology which can be applied in nanoparticle agent preparation.

Variation trends of meteorological variables and their impacts on potential evaporation in Hailar region

Evaporation, which is an important factor in the water balance at the basin scale, is a critical variable in the determination of local available water resources. Since the potential evaporation is mainly influenced by meteorological variables, it is necessary to investigate the extent to which different meteorological variables affect the potential evaporation. The aim of this study was to explore the variation trends of different meteorological variables, and their impacts on the potential evaporation. This study selected the Hailar Meteorological Station of the Hailar region, which is situated in a cold, semi-arid, and sub-humid region, as a case study site. Based on observed daily meteorological data from 1951 to 2009, the potential evaporation was calculated with the Penman formula, and the variations of meteorological variables were investigated with the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test. The correlation between the potential evaporation and each meteorological variable at annual and seasonal scales was also analyzed. The results show that the annual and seasonal potential evaporation and air temperature present increasing trends, whereas the wind speed, sunshine duration, and relative humidity present decreasing trends. Among the meteorological variables, the air temperature and relative humidity are the key factors that affect potential evaporation at different time scales, and the impacts of other meteorological variables on the potential evaporation are not significant and vary with time scales.