湿热环境对复合材料单向板拉伸性能的影响

湿热环境会导致复合材料层合结构力学性能下降。针对[90]16和[0]16复合材料单向板,在不同湿热环境处理后进行拉伸试验,对比分析其拉伸性能退化情况,通过断口形貌及微观形貌分析阐述其退化机理。结果表明,干燥环境下,复合材料单向板中的环氧树脂基体在高温下发生后固化,[90]16单向板拉伸强度随环境温度升高而增加,[0]16单向板拉伸强度随环境温度上升基本不发生变化; 85%RH下,单向板纤维-基体界面上产生湿应力与热应力,[90]16和[0]16单向板拉伸强度均随环境温度升高而下降; 70℃水浴中,单向板的基体树脂与纤维-基体界面均发生严重损伤,[90]16和[0]16单向板拉伸强度严重下降。

复合材料薄壁方管准静态轴向压缩失效机理及吸能特性

以[±45]3s铺层的碳纤维增强复合材料薄壁方管为对象,进行准静态轴向压缩试验,研究其轴向压缩失效模式及破坏吸能特性。试验结果表明,[±45]3s方管在准静态轴向压缩载荷作用下的破坏模式为局部屈曲失效模式;在局部屈曲区,失效主要表现为纤维与基体断裂、分层以及轴向与纵向裂纹扩展,并耗散大量能量;在弹性区,能量耗散大部分由于层间分层,少部分来自于纤维与基体弹性变形。基于Puck2000基体失效准则与Yamada Sun纤维失效准则,研究建立单层壳、多层壳、层合壳3种有限元模型,对方管轴向压缩失效模式和吸能特性进行模拟。仿真结果表明,3种有限元模型能够在一定程度上复现[±45]3s方管轴向压缩失效模式及吸能特性,但层合壳模型能够更好地模拟[±45]3s方管局部屈曲的失效模式,且比吸能误差最小,仿真结果与试验结果最接近。

Topology Optimization of Self-Supporting Structures for Additive Manufacturing with Adaptive Explicit Continuous Constraint

The integration of topology optimization(TO)and additive manufacturing(AM)technologies can create significant synergy benefits,while the lack of AM-friendly TO algorithms is a serious bottleneck for the application of TO in AM.In this paper,a TO method is proposed to design self-supporting structures with an explicit continuous self-supporting constraint,which can be adaptively activated and tightened during the optimization procedure.The TO procedure is suitable for various critical overhang angles(COA),which is integrated with build direction assignment to reduce performance loss.Besides,a triangular directional self-supporting constraint sensitivity filter is devised to promote the downward evolution of structures and maintain stability.Two numerical examples are presented;all the test cases have successfully converged and the optimized solutions demonstrate good manufacturability.In the meanwhile,a fully self-supporting design can be obtained with a slight cost in performance through combination with build direction assignment.