Investigation of high-quality-factor aluminum nitride MEMS cantilever resonators

This paper presents the design,fabrication,and characterization of cantilever-type resonators with a novel stacked structure.Aluminum nitride is adopted as the material for both the structural layer and the piezoelectric layer;this simplifies the fabrication process and improves the quality factor of the resonator.Both in-plane and out-of-planeflexural modes were investigated.The effect of the structural dimensions and electrode patterns on the resonator’s performance were also studied.Finite-element simulations and experiments examining anchor loss and thermoelastic damping,which are the main loss mechanisms affecting the quality factor of these resonators,were carried out.The optimal structural dimensions and electrode patterns of the cantilever-type resonators are presented.A quality factor of 7922 with a motional impedance of 88.52 kΩand a quality factor of 8851 with a motional impedance of 67.03 kΩwere achieved for the in-plane and out-of-planeflexural-mode resonators,respectively.The proposed resonator design will contribute to the development of high-performance devices such as accelerometers,gyroscopes,and pressure sensors.

Ferroelectricity of hafnium oxide-based materials:Current status and future prospects from physical mechanisms to device applications

The finding of the robust ferroelectricity in HfO_(2)-based thin films is fantastic from the view point of both the fundamentals and the applications.In this review article,the current research status of the future prospects for the ferroelectric HfO_(2)-based thin films and devices are presented from fundamentals to applications.The related issues are discussed,which include:1)The ferroelectric characteristics observed in HfO_(2)-based films and devices associated with the factors of dopant,strain,interface,thickness,defect,fabrication condition,and more;2)physical understanding on the observed ferroelectric behaviors by the density functional theory(DFT)-based theory calculations;3)the characterizations of microscopic and macroscopic features by transmission electron microscopes-based and electrical properties-based techniques;4)modeling and simulations,5)the performance optimizations,and 6)the applications of some ferroelectric-based devices such as ferroelectric random access memory,ferroelectric-based field effect transistors,and the ferroelectric tunnel junction for the novel information processing systems.

Heteroatom tuning in agarose derived carbon aerogel for enhanced potassium ion multiple energy storage

The incorporation of heteroatoms into carbon aerogels(CAs)can lead to structural distortions and changes in active sites due to their smaller size and electronegativity compared to pure carbon.However,the evolution of the electronic structure from single-atom doping to heteroatom codoping in CAs has not yet been thoroughly investigated,and the impact of codoping on potassium ion(K+)storage and diffusion pathways as electrode material remains unclear.In this study,experimental and theoretical simulations were conducted to demonstrate that heteroatom codoping,composed of multiple heteroatoms(O/N/B)with different properties,has the potential to improve the electrical properties and stability of CAs compared to single-atom doping.Electronic states near the Fermi level have revealed that doping with O/N/B generates a greater number of active centers on adjacent carbon atoms than doping with O and O/N atoms.As a result of synergy with enhanced wetting ability(contact angle of 9.26°)derived from amino groups and hierarchical porous structure,ON-CA has the most optimized adsorption capacity(−1.62 eV)and diffusion barrier(0.12 eV)of K^(+).The optimal pathway of K^(+)in ON-CA is along the carbon ring with N or O doping.As K^(+)storage material for supercapacitors and ion batteries,it shows an outstanding specific capacity and capacitance,electrochemical stability,and rate performance.Especially,the assembled symmetrical K^(+)supercapacitor demonstrates an energy density of 51.8 Wh kg^(−1),an ultrahigh power density of 443Wkg^(−1),and outstanding cycling stability(maintaining 83.3%after 10,000 cycles in 1M KPF6 organic electrolyte).This research provides valuable insights into the design of highperformance potassium ion storage materials.

Electrode design for multimode suppression of aluminum nitride tuning fork resonators

This paper is focused on electrode design for piezoelectric tuning fork resonators.The relationship between the performance and electrode pattern of aluminum nitride piezoelectric tuning fork resonators vibrating in the in-plane flexural mode is investigated based on a set of resonators with different electrode lengths,widths,and ratios.Experimental and simulation results show that the electrode design impacts greatly the multimode effect induced from torsional modes but has little influence on other loss mechanisms.Optimizing the electrode design suppresses the torsional mode successfully,thereby increasing the ratio of impedance at parallel and series resonant frequencies(R_(p)/R_(s))by more than 80%and achieving a quality factor(Q)of 7753,an effective electromechanical coupling coefficient(kt_(eff)^(2))of 0.066%,and an impedance at series resonant frequency(R_(m))of 23.6 kΩ.The proposed approach shows great potential for high-performance piezoelectric resonators,which are likely to be fundamental building blocks for sensors with high sensitivity and low noise and power consumption.

Analysis of users’ electricity consumption behavior based on ensemble clustering

Due to the increase in the number of smart meter devices,a power grid generates a large amount of data.Analyzing the data can help in understanding the users’electricity consumption behavior and demands;thus,enabling better service to be provided to them.Performing power load profile clustering is the basis for mining the users’electricity consumption behavior.By examining the complexity,randomness,and uncertainty of the users’electricity consumption behavior,this paper proposes an ensemble clustering method to analyze this behavior.First,principle component analysis(PCA)is used to reduce the dimensions of the data.Subsequently,the single clustering method is used,and the majority is selected for integrated clustering.As a result,the users’electricity consumption behavior is classified into different modes,and their characteristics are analyzed in detail.This paper examines the electricity power data of 19 real users in China for simulation purposes.This manuscript provides a thorough analysis along with suggestions for the users’weekly electricity consumption behavior.The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

MOFs and bone: Application of MOFs in bone tissue engineering and bone diseases

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs), a class of hybrid materials, consist of organic linkers and bridging metal ions or clusters. Their tunable pore sizes, large surface area, good biocompatibility, structural variability in combination with materials and chemicals, and osteogenic effects provide potential approaches for bone tissue engineering and bone diseases. And there are more and more research on MOFs in the field of osteogenesis in recent years. This review presents an overall summary of the application in the bone tissue engineering and bone diseases of MOFs and their composites, starting with the synthesis of MOFs, which discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different syntheses. Then, the biological functions of MOFs are discussed, which are the basics of MOFs applied in the organism. Importantly,mechanisms and abundant applications of MOFs are detailed in the bone tissue engineering and bone diseases. Finally, some prospects of MOFs are discussed, for instance, exploring whether MOFs can be used to treat other bone diseases.

Mechanism of capture section affecting an intake for atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion

Atmosphere-Breathing Electric Propulsion(ABEP)can compensate for lost momentum of spacecraft operating in Very Low Earth Orbit(VLEO)which has been widely concerned due to its excellent commercial potential.It is a key technology to improve the capture efficiency of intakes,which collect and compress the atmosphere for ABEP.In this paper,the mechanism of the capture section affecting capture efficiency is investigated by Test Particle Monte Carlo(TPMC)simulations with 3D intake models.The inner surface smoothness and average collision number are determined to be key factors affecting capture efficiency,and a negative effect growth model is accordingly established.When the inner surface smoothness is less than 0.2,the highest capture efficiency and its corresponding average collision number interval are independent of the capture section’s geometry and its mesh size.When the inner surface smoothness is higher than 0.2,the capture efficiency will decrease by installing any capture section.Based on the present results,the manufacturing process and material selection are suggested to be prioritized during the intake geometry design in engineering projects.Then,the highest capture efficiency can be achieved by adjusting the length and mesh size of the capture section.

A literature review of smart warehouse operations management

E-commerce,new retail,and other changes have highlighted the requirement of high efficiency and accuracy in the logistics service.As an important section in logistics and supply chain management,warehouses need to respond positively to the increasing requirement.The“smart warehouse”system,which is equipped with emerging warehousing technologies,is increasingly attracting the attention of industry and technology giants as an efficient solution for the future of warehouse development.This study provides a holistic view of operations management problems within the context of smart warehouses.We provide a framework to review smart warehouse operations management based on the characteristics of smart warehouses,including the perspectives of information interconnection,equipment automation,process integration,and environmental sustainability.A comprehensive review of relevant literature is then carried out based on the framework with four perspectives.This study could provide future research directions on smart warehouses for academia and industry practitioners.

无中和器离子推力器的发展现状、关键技术及展望

离子推力器具有高比冲和高效率等优势,是目前应用最广泛的电推力器之一,但亦存在着系统结构复杂、关键部件繁多等缺点.无中和器离子推力器可以消除对中和器的依赖,实现离子推进系统结构的简化,从而减小推力器体积和重量并提高系统可靠性.本文首先归纳了传统离子推力器的原理、优势及限制,引出了无中和器离子推力器的概念,对其基本原理、技术优势及分类进行了介绍;随后从等离子体源的束流自中和技术出发,总结了无中和器离子推力器的发展现状;结合空间应用需求以及无中和器离子推力器的工作特点,分析了无中和器离子推力器的关键技术,提出应将工质选择、等离子体机理研究、磁过滤装置和栅极系统设计以及栅极射频电压灵活调控方法这四方面作为其研究重点,同时应该发展并完善新的推力器参数测量方法,进一步明确无中和器离子推力器的工作特性.

新疆阿勒泰地区额尔齐斯河和乌伦古河流域鱼类多样性演变和流域健康评价

为了解阿勒泰地区额尔齐斯河和乌伦古河流域的鱼类多样性现状和历史演变,本研究于2013–2016年间在该流域的鱼类多样性进行了连续调查,并结合历史资料和标本,以Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数分析评估了流域内鱼类的多样性水平和时空变化。该流域历史上分布有土著鱼类23种,当前记录到19种,流域内还有外来鱼类15种。阿勒泰鱼类的区系组成以鲤科种类为主,其中特有和珍稀濒危物种占比高,具有重要的保护价值。多样性指数计算结果显示,2013–2016年鱼类多样性情况整体稳定,额尔齐斯河鱼类物种数多于乌伦古河。研究还基于鱼类生物完整性指数(Fish Index of Biological Integrity,F-IBI)对34个采集点的河流健康状况进行了评价,结果显示额尔齐斯河流域大多数调查点的健康状况处于"亚健康"或"一般"水平,乌伦古河流域多数调查点的健康状况处于"健康"水平。水利工程、外来物种、过度捕捞是影响阿勒泰地区鱼类多样性的重要因素。未来应通过水利工程的联合调度、下泄合理生态流量、布设鱼类通道、规范养殖渔业、严控外来物种、本地土著鱼类的人工增殖放流,以及合理的就地保护措施对阿勒泰地区的鱼类多样性加以保护,提升水体健康程度。

煤矸石中和渣酸浸物的溶出

采用浸提法提取煤矸石中和渣酸浸物中的有价元素,考察了溶出温度、溶出时间和溶出液固质量比对酸浸物溶出过程的影响;以单因素实验为基础,进行正交实验,优化溶出工艺条件,用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征煤矸石中和渣酸浸物、酸化产物及滤渣的物相和微观形貌。结果表明,酸浸物溶出最优工艺条件为液固质量比3:1、溶出时间40 min、溶出温度80℃,此时有价元素氧化物的溶出率分别为TiO282.63%,Fe2O396.48%,Al2O398.33%,CaO 87.72%,MgO 95.31%。提取后滤渣中只有SiO2和少量TiO2及CaSO4存在,表明煤矸石中和渣酸浸物中的有价元素通过该溶出工艺可充分溶出。

GaAs基纳米线的光学性质和激射

工作在红外波段的砷化镓(GaAs)基纳米线激光器在集成光电子学中起着重要作用.在过去的十几年中,纳米线激光器领域发展迅速,但是与工作在紫外和可见波段的材料相比,由于GaAs基材料的特性,近红外激光器的实现相对困难.在本文中,我们着重介绍了GaAs基纳米线的最新进展,特别是GaAs纳米线的光学性质和激射特性.详细介绍了GaAs纳米线的生长机理,包括晶相控制和复杂结构的生长.回顾并讨论了GaAs基纳米线的光学性质的影响因素和改进方法.最后,展示了GaAs基纳米线激光器的设计及其最新进展.

Optical characteristics of self-trapped excitons in 2D (iso-BA)_(2)PbI_(4) perovskite crystals

Organic–inorganic halide metal perovskites are an exciting class of two-dimensional(2D) materials that have sparked renewed interest for next-generation optoelectronics. In particular, the self-trapped excitons(STEs)in 2D perovskite with excellent optical properties suggest great potential in display and narrowband detection.A prerequisite of understanding STEs’ properties is correct identification of the underlying interaction that leads to STEs. Here, the optical properties of STEs in(iso-BA)_(2)PbI_(4) are characterized through laser spectroscopy at various temperatures and excitation intensities. It is found that STEs are related to the octahedral distortion caused by strong electron–phonon interaction. Trapping and detrapping between STEs and free excitons(FEs) are clearly observed. With the increase in temperature, STEs and FEs will gain enough energy and migrate to each other. Moreover, by characterizing the thickness-dependent and two-photon excitation emission, it is confirmed that STEs exist inside the material because of their weak absorption. Our findings are of great significance for not only the fundamental understanding of STEs, but also the design and optimization of 2D-perovskite-based electronic and optoelectronic devices.