Development of sustainable and efficient recycling technology for spent Li-ion batteries: Traditional and transformation go hand in hand

Clean and efficient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has become an urgent need to promote sustainable and rapid development of human society.Therefore,we provide a critical and comprehensive overview of the various technologies for recycling spent LIBs,starting with lithium-ion power batteries.Recent research on raw material collection,metallurgical recovery,separation and purification is highlighted,particularly in terms of all aspects of economic efficiency,energy consumption,technology transformation and policy management.Mechanisms and pathways for transformative full-component recovery of spent LIBs are explored,revealing a clean and efficient closed-loop recovery mechanism.Optimization methods are proposed for future recycling technologies,with a focus on how future research directions can be industrialized.Ultimately,based on life-cycle assessment,the challenges of future recycling are revealed from the LIBs supply chain and stability of the supply chain of the new energy battery industry to provide an outlook on clean and efficient short process recycling technologies.This work is designed to support the sustainable development of the new energy power industry,to help meet the needs of global decarbonization strategies and to respond to the major needs of industrialized recycling.

Single and competitive adsorption affinity of heavy metals toward peanut shell-derived biochar and its mechanisms in aqueous systems

Converting peanut shells into biochar by pyrolysis was considered an environmentally friendly and efficient method for agricultural solid waste disposal.The properties of peanut shell-derived biochar(PBC)under different temperature and its adsorption capacity of heavy metals were investigated.It was found that PBC400 exhibited the highest cumulative capability for heavy metals elimination in single solute because of its high specific surface area and rich functional groups.Furthermore,the competitive adsorption revealed that PBC had a substantial difference in adsorption affinity from diverse heavy metal ions,sorption capacity decreased as Pb2+>Cu2+>Cd2+>Ni2+>Zn2+,which was lower than in a single solute.The adsorption process using selected biochar was optimized with respect to p H,reaction time,adsorbent dose,and initial concentration of heavy metals.The kinetic data was well fitted with PSO model,and the Langmuir model was adopted for adsorption equilibrium data in both cases of single solutes and mixed solutes for all heavy metals,which indicated that the removal course was primarily explained by monolayer adsorption,and chemical adsorption occupied an important role.Therefore,peanut shells derived biochar could be a potential and green adsorbent for wastewater treatment.

Nitrogen and Boron Co-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Embedded with Nickel Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Materials

Due to the limitations of impedance matching and attenuation matching,carbon nanotubes(CNTs)employed alone have a weak capacity to attenuate electromagnetic wave(EMW)energy.In this work,B and N co-doped CNTs with embedded Ni nanoparticles(Ni@BNCNTs)are fabricated via an in situ doping method.Compared with a sample without B doping,Ni@BNCNTs demonstrate a superior EMW absorption performance,with all minimum reflection loss values below−20 dB,even at a matching thickness of 1.5 mm.The experimental and theoretical calculation results demonstrate that B doping increases conduction and polarization relaxation losses,as well as the impedance matching characteristic,which is responsible for the enhanced EMW absorption performance of Ni@BNCNTs.

Waste pulp chemical-looping gasification using Ni-modified electroplating sludge as an oxygen carrier

Waste pulp(WP)is a typical byproduct of paper industry,and Chemical-looping gasification(CLG)as a recently developed technology is highly suited to dispose high-volatile wastes like WP.In order to make a high-efficiency oxygen carrier(OC)for CLG of WP,the Ni-containing electroplating sludge(NES)was used as the matrix and NiO modification was performed to enhance the hydrogen production in CLG.These resulted in a potentially high-efficiency OC denoted as NNES.Testing CLG of WP was in a fixed-bed reactor at 850℃by adopting NNES as the OC,injecting 2.4 mL/g(WP)water,and keeping a mass ratio of 1.0 between OC to WP.It produced 1.73 Nm^(3)/kg syngas that has an LHV of 11.9 MJ/Nm^(3)and a H_(2)/CO ratio of 3.63.In 10 redox cycles,the syngas yield did not have obvious decrease,but a certain reduction in the activity of NNES was observed.Characterization of the spent NNES revealed that it is the Ni agglomeration and inert silicate generation which reduced the activity of NNES.

Polypropylene pyrolysis and steam reforming over Fe-based catalyst supported on activated carbon for the production of hydrogen-rich syngas

The purpose of this study is to explore a method for the high-yield production of hydrogen by pyrolysis and steam reforming of polymer plastics.The developed Fe-based catalyst supported on activated carbon was applied to reactions with polypropylene for hydrogen production.The effects of iron loading(%)in the catalyst,the total catalyst amount,and the water content in the reaction atmosphere on the performance of hydrogen and gas production were investigated.Under the optimal conditions,the hydrogen yield without water added reached 38.73 mmol/gPP,and this yield was significantly improved by adding water into the reaction atmosphere.By optimizing the amount of water added,the hydrogen yield reached 112.71 mmol/gPP.The surface morphology and structural components of the fresh and used catalysts were characterized,and the morphology and quantity of carbon deposition on the catalyst were analysed.The catalytic stability of the 15Fe/AC catalyst was determined by repeating the test 10 times under the optimal reaction conditions.As the reaction time increased,the selectivity of the catalyst for hydrogen decreased and that for hydrocarbons increased.Moreover,the experimental method used in this study had excellent hydrogen production capacity.Thus,this study provided a novel method for the high-efficiency production of hydrogen by pyrolysis and steam reforming of polymer plastics.

Evaluating Tislelizumab, Lenvatinib, and FOLFOX4-HAIC as a Conversion Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background and aims:Conversion therapy downstages tumors and renders patients with unresectable hepatocel-lular carcinoma(HCC)eligible for radical resection.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab plus lenvatinib and hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy with oxaliplatin,fluorouracil,and leuco-vorin(FOLFOX4-HAIC)as a first-line conversion therapy.Methods:Clinical data from HCC patients who were treated with the triple therapy between April 2021 and April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The primary outcome included objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),conversion resection rate(CRR),and treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs).Results:A total of 18 patients completed conversion therapy assessment,which ended on March 27,2023.The patients had a median age of 55.5(37–72)years,and 94.4%were male.According to mRECIST,tumor shrinkage was observed in all patients,with an ORR of 94.4%(17/18),a DCR of 94.4%(17/18),and a median time to response of 1.4(0.7–3.0)months.Successful conversion was observed in 61.1%(11/18)of patients(mRECIST).The CRR and pathological complete response were 38.9%(7/18)and 57.1%(4/7),respectively.The median progression-free survival(PFS)was 17.8 months,while median overall survival was not reached.The 6-and 9-month PFS rates were 83.3%and 66.7%,respectively.The most common TRAE(16/18 patients,88.9%)was an increase in aspartate aminotransferase levels.Conclusion:Tislelizumab combined with lenvatinib and FOLFOX4-HAIC achieved a high conversion rate and acceptable toxicity in patients with unresectable HCC,suggesting that this combination may represent a new conversion strategy for this population.

分子氧氧化法合成ε-己内酯的研究进展

内酯化合物在医药、高分子等领域都有重要的应用.其中ε-己内酯是生物可降解材料聚己内酯(poly(ε-caprolactone))的单体以及聚酯的改性剂,目前年产量近10万吨,未来前景广阔.本文主要介绍了本课题组在分子氧氧化法合成内酯化合物特别是ε-己内酯方面所做的工作,以及国内外关于内酯化合物合成的研究进展以及展望.本课题组在传统的Baeyer-Villiger氧化环酮化合物制备内酯产物的研究基础上加以改进,分别从环己酮、K/A油(环己酮和环己醇的混合物)、环己烷出发,以氧气为氧化剂,一步反应得到ε-己内酯,较传统Baeyer-Villiger氧化法更加简单、高效、绿色环保,具有潜在的工业发展前景.

One-pot Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone with in situ generated hydrogen peroxide over Sn-Beta zeolites

ε-Caprolactone is traditionally produced through Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone oxidized by peracids in industry,which inevitably results in large discard acid and environmental pollution.To this end,a green route toε-caprolactone was developed by coupling the direct generation of hydrogen peroxide from aerobic oxidation of benzhydrol catalyzed by NHPI and Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone with the in situ hydrogen peroxide over Sn-Beta zeolites in one pot.Molecular oxygen was employed as the terminal oxidant,and the effects of several reaction factors were studied.Compared with one-step process,the one-pot two-step method noticeably improved the selectivity ofε-caprolactone.When the amount of in situ hydrogen peroxide was 0.72 equivalent,the selectivity ofε-caprolactone was obtained 94.8%with 39.2%conversion of cyclohexanone,and the efficiency of H_(2)O_(2) was up to 51.5%.As compared to the commercial 30 wt%aqueous H_(2)O_(2) added directly,in situ H_(2)O_(2) dramatically improved the selectivity ofε-caprolactone and had higher efficiency.Additionally,the catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction solution and reused several times without the remarkable loss of activity.