OTFS Modulation and PAPR Reduction for IoT-Railways

The internet of things(IoT)has been widely considered to be integrated with high-speed railways to improve safety and service.It is important to achieve reliable communication in IoT for railways(IoT-R)under high mobility scenarios and strict energy constraints.Orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)modulation is a two-dimensional modulation technique that has the potential to overcome the challenges in high Doppler environments.In addition,OTFS can have lower peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR)compared to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,which is especially important for the application of IoT-R.Therefore,OTFS modulation for IoT-R is investigated in this paper.In order to decrease PAPR of OTFS and promote the application of OTFS modulation in IoT-R,the peak windowing technique is used in this paper.This technique can reduce the PAPR of OTFS by reducing the peak power and does not require multiple iterations.The impacts of different window functions,window sizes and clipping levels on PAPR and bit error rate of OTFS are simulated and discussed.The simulation results show that the peak windowing technique can efficiently reduce the PAPR of OTFS for IoT-R.

MKL1基因多态性与高原环境适应性的遗传关联研究

高原环境适应性与遗传因素密切相关,已有多个基因被报道与高原环境适应性显著相关。巨核细胞白血病因子1(megakaryoblastic leukemia 1,MKL1)是一种转录调节因子,在平滑肌细胞的表型调变中发挥重要作用。为探讨MKL1基因是否与高原环境适应性相关,本研究进行了MKL1基因多态性与高原环境适应性的遗传关联分析。本研究招募了世居青藏高原的藏族人群(n=595)和世居平原地区的汉族人群(n=442),并采用MassARRAY阵列图谱技术对MKL1基因的多态性位点rs59098711进行基因分型,比较了其基因型及等位基因型在两组人群中的分布是否存在显著差异。结果发现,在藏、汉两组人群间rs59098711位点的基因型和等位基因型频率存在显著差异(P<0.05)。进一步通过与公共数据库比较发现,藏族人群中rs59098711的基因型及等位基因型的频率分布与其他人种存在显著差异(P<0.05)。生物信息学分析表明,rs59098711位点位于MKL1基因增强子区域,与MKL1基因表达的调控密切相关。同时,基于公共数据集进行的基因差异表达分析发现,MKL1基因在低压性缺氧环境中显著上调。以上研究结果表明,MKL1基因的多态性位点rs59098711与人类的高原适应能力存在相关性。

Targeting cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways for cancer therapy

Cytokines are critical in regulating immune responses and cellular behavior,playing dual roles in both normal physiology and the pathology of diseases such as cancer.These molecules,including interleukins,interferons,tumor necrosis factors,chemokines,and growth factors like TGF-β,VEGF,and EGF,can promote or inhibit tumor growth,influence the tumor microenvironment,and impact the efficacy of cancer treatments.Recent advances in targeting these pathways have shown promising therapeutic potential,offering new strategies to modulate the immune system,inhibit tumor progression,and overcome resistance to conventional therapies.In this review,we summarized the current understanding and therapeutic implications of targeting cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways in cancer.By exploring the roles of these molecules in tumor biology and the immune response,we highlighted the development of novel therapeutic agents aimed at modulating these pathways to combat cancer.The review elaborated on the dual nature of cytokines as both promoters and suppressors of tumorigenesis,depending on the context,and discussed the challenges and opportunities this presents for therapeutic intervention.We also examined the latest advancements in targeted therapies,including monoclonal antibodies,bispecific antibodies,receptor inhibitors,fusion proteins,engineered cytokine variants,and their impact on tumor growth,metastasis,and the tumor microenvironment.Additionally,we evaluated the potential of combining these targeted therapies with other treatment modalities to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes.Besides,we also focused on the ongoing research and clinical trials that are pivotal in advancing our understanding and application of cytokine-and chemokine-targeted therapies for cancer patients.

A review of the preparation process and anode stabilization strategies of Zn microbatteries

As a burgeoning energy storage technology,Zn microbatteries(ZMBs)exhibit expansive potential for applications.This article initially presents a method for fabricating ZMBs utilizing interdigitated electrodes,employing advanced techniques such as 3D printing,screen printing,laser etching,and electrodeposition.These methodologies play a crucial role in mitigating anode-related issues,consequently enhancing battery performance.Subsequently,the challenges encountered by ZMBs anodes,including dendrite formation,corrosion passivation,hydrogen evolution,and Zn cycle exfoliation,are thoroughly examined.Lastly,a comprehensive strategy for stabilizing the anode is delineated,encompassing anode material selection,anode structure construction,interface engineering,and electrolyte optimization.In essence,the preparation and fine-tuning of ZMBs present ongoing challenges.With continued research and development efforts,it is anticipated that ZMBs will attain efficient,stable,and secure performance on the microscale,offering enduring and dependable energy solutions for applications in miniature electronic devices and wearable technology.

OTFSmodulation performance in a satellite-to-ground channel at sub-6-GHz and millimeter-wave bands with high mobility

Orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)modulation has been widely considered for high-mobility scenarios.Satellite-to-ground communications have recently received much attention as a typical high-mobility scenario and face great challenges due to the high Doppler shift.To enable reliable communications and high spectral efficiency in satellite mobile communications,we evaluate OTFS modulation performance for geostationary Earth orbit and low Earth orbit satellite-to-ground channels at sub-6-GHz and millimeter-wave bands in both lineof-sight and non-line-of-sight cases.The minimum mean squared error with successive detection(MMSE-SD)is used to improve the bit error rate performance.The adaptability of OTFS and the signal detection technologies in satellite-to-ground channels are analyzed.Simulation results confirm the feasibility of applying OTFS modulation to satellite-to-ground communications with high mobility.Because full diversity in the delay-Doppler domain can be explored,different terminal movement velocities do not have a significant impact on the performance of OTFS modulation,and OTFS modulation can achieve better performance compared with classical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing in satellite-to-ground channels.It is found that MMSE-SD can improve the performance of OTFS modulation compared with an MMSE equalizer.

Electrochemical synthesis of functionalized gem-difluoroalkenes with diverse alkyl sources via a defluorinative alkylation process

An electrochemical defluorinative alkylation protocol ofα-trifluoromethyl alkenes is described.This reaction enables the preparation of functionalized gem-difluoroalkenes with the use of diverse alkyl sources including organohalides,N-hydroxyphthalimide(NHP)esters and Katritzky salts.This method exhibits lots of synthetic advantages including mild conditions,simple operation,and convenience of amplification,and provides a new route for the synthesis of gem-difluoroalkenes。