Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)and its receptors TNF receptor type 1(TNFR1)and type 2(TNFR2)have a central role in chronic inflammatory diseases.While TNFR1 mainly confers inflammation,activation of TNFR2 elicits not only ...Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)and its receptors TNF receptor type 1(TNFR1)and type 2(TNFR2)have a central role in chronic inflammatory diseases.While TNFR1 mainly confers inflammation,activation of TNFR2 elicits not only pro-inflammatory but also anti-inflammatory effects.In this study,we wanted to investigate the anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of selective activation of TNFR2 in mice with established collageninduced arthritis.Mice with established arthritis induced by immunization with bovine collagen type II were treated with six injections of the TNFR2-specific agonist TNCscTNF80,given every second day.Two days after treatment cessation,the cell compositions of bone marrow,spleen and lymph nodes were analyzed.Mice were visually scored until day 30 after the start of therapy and the degree of joint inflammation was determined by histology.Treatment with TNCscTNF80 increased arthritis-induced myelopoiesis.Little effect was seen on the infiltration rate of inflammatory immature myeloid cells and on the reduction of lymphoid cells in secondary lymphoid organs.Upon treatment,frequency of regulatory T(Treg)cells in the CD4+T-cell population was increased in both spleen and inguinal lymph nodes.In addition,the expression of TNFR2 on Treg cells was enhanced.The clinical score started to improve 1 week after cessation treatment and remained lower 30 days after initiation of therapy.The histological score also revealed amelioration of joint inflammation in TNCscTNF80-treated versus control mice.Activation of TNFR2 might provide a suitable therapeutic strategy in autoimmune arthritis by increasing the numbers of regulatory cell types,in particular Treg cells,and by attenuation of arthritis.展开更多
Plastic surgery is a specialty that is now worldwide recognized as its own academic discipline within the surgical community. The roots however are as old as 600 BC when in the Sushruta Ayurveda the reconstruction of ...Plastic surgery is a specialty that is now worldwide recognized as its own academic discipline within the surgical community. The roots however are as old as 600 BC when in the Sushruta Ayurveda the reconstruction of a nose with a flap from the forehead was described. Plastic surgery is a problem solving discipline that meanwhile is an integral part within modern surgical concepts.展开更多
基金Part of the work has been funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft with grants to RHS(STR 511/32-1)and HW(WA 1025/31-1)Additionally,the work has been funded by the respective institutions.
文摘Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)and its receptors TNF receptor type 1(TNFR1)and type 2(TNFR2)have a central role in chronic inflammatory diseases.While TNFR1 mainly confers inflammation,activation of TNFR2 elicits not only pro-inflammatory but also anti-inflammatory effects.In this study,we wanted to investigate the anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of selective activation of TNFR2 in mice with established collageninduced arthritis.Mice with established arthritis induced by immunization with bovine collagen type II were treated with six injections of the TNFR2-specific agonist TNCscTNF80,given every second day.Two days after treatment cessation,the cell compositions of bone marrow,spleen and lymph nodes were analyzed.Mice were visually scored until day 30 after the start of therapy and the degree of joint inflammation was determined by histology.Treatment with TNCscTNF80 increased arthritis-induced myelopoiesis.Little effect was seen on the infiltration rate of inflammatory immature myeloid cells and on the reduction of lymphoid cells in secondary lymphoid organs.Upon treatment,frequency of regulatory T(Treg)cells in the CD4+T-cell population was increased in both spleen and inguinal lymph nodes.In addition,the expression of TNFR2 on Treg cells was enhanced.The clinical score started to improve 1 week after cessation treatment and remained lower 30 days after initiation of therapy.The histological score also revealed amelioration of joint inflammation in TNCscTNF80-treated versus control mice.Activation of TNFR2 might provide a suitable therapeutic strategy in autoimmune arthritis by increasing the numbers of regulatory cell types,in particular Treg cells,and by attenuation of arthritis.
文摘Plastic surgery is a specialty that is now worldwide recognized as its own academic discipline within the surgical community. The roots however are as old as 600 BC when in the Sushruta Ayurveda the reconstruction of a nose with a flap from the forehead was described. Plastic surgery is a problem solving discipline that meanwhile is an integral part within modern surgical concepts.
