Deformation and failure mechanism of Yanjiao rock slope influenced by rainfall and water level fluctuation of the Xiluodu hydropower station reservoir

With the construction of the Xiluodu hydropower station on the Jinsha River,the reservoir impoundment began in 2013 and the water level fluctuates annually between 540 m and 600 m above sea level.The Yanjiao rock slope which is located on the left bank of the Jinsha River 75 km upstream of the Xiluodu dam site,began to deform in 2014.The potential failure of the slope not only threatens Yanjiao town but also affects the safe operation of the Xiluodu reservoir.This paper is to find the factors influencing the Yanjiao slope deformation through field investigation,geotechnical reconnaissance,and monitoring.Results show that the Yanjiao slope can be divided into a bank collapse area(BCA)and a strong deformation area(SDA)based on the crack distribution characteristics of the slope.The rear area of the slope has been experiencing persistent deformation with a maximum cumulative displacement(GPS monitoring point G4)of 505 mm and 399 mm in the horizontal and vertical directions,respectively.The potential failure surface of the slope is formed 36 m below the surface based on the borehole inclinometer.The bank collapses of the Yanjiao slope are directly caused by the reservoir impoundment while the deformation area of the slope is affected by the combination of the rainfall and reservoir water level fluctuation.Based on mechanism of the Yanjiao slope,prestressed anchor combined with the surface drainage and slope unloading are recommended to prevent potential deformation.

Comparison of LR,5-CV SVM,GA SVM,and PSO SVM for landslide susceptibility assessment in Tibetan Plateau area,China

The applicability of statistics-based landslide susceptibility assessment methods is affected by the number of historical landslides.Previous studies have proposed support vector machine(SVM)as a small-sample learning method.However,those studies demonstrated that different parameters can affect model performance.We optimized the SVM and obtained models as 5-fold cross validation(5-CV)SVM,genetic algorithm(GA)SVM,and particle swarm optimization(PSO)SVM.This study compared the prediction performances of logistic regression(LR),5-CV SVM,GA SVM,and PSO SVM on landslide susceptibility mapping,to explore the spatial distribution of landslide susceptibility in the study area in Tibetan Plateau,China.A geospatial database was established based on 392 historical landslides and 392 non-landslides in the study area.We used 11 influencing factors of altitude,slope,aspect,curvature,lithology,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),distance to road,distance to river,distance to fault,peak ground acceleration(PGA),and rainfall to construct an influencing factor evaluation system.To evaluate the models,four susceptibility maps were compared via receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve and the results showed that prediction rates for the models are 84%(LR),87%(5-CV SVM),85%(GA SVM),and 90%(PSO SVM).We also used precision,recall,F1-score and accuracy to assess the quality performance of these models.The results showed that the PSO SVM had greater potential for future implementation in the Tibetan Plateau area because of its superior performance in the landslide susceptibility assessment.

Cr含量对5083高镁铝合金组织和性能的影响

研究了添加w(Cr)=0.06%-0.24%对5083铝合金铸锭均匀化组织、冷变形组织、拉伸性能、断口形貌的影响。结果表明:随着Cr含量的增加,5083铝合金强度提高,塑性降低,相应的拉伸试样断口形貌由韧性断裂到出现局部脆性断裂。当添加w(Cr)=0.19%时,5083铝合金中出现粗大的Al-Mn-Cr-Ti-V金属间化合物相,粗大的化合物相在轧制过程中破碎,沿轧制方向分布,恶化合金的塑性和成形性能。

Seismic response of the Lengzhuguan slope during Kangding Ms5.8 earthquake

In order to investigate the role of the amplification of peak ground acceleration(PGA) in seismic landslide formation mechanisms and study how earthquake waves interact with rock structures, a few strong-motion seismometers are installed at various locations on both sides of the Lengzhuguan gully. Five strong-motion seismometers were triggered at different depths in a tunnel at the same altitude during the Kangding Ms 5.8 earthquake on November 25 th, 2014. The data reveal that the horizontal peak acceleration(PGA_H) at each site decreased with increasing site depths. The PGAH at the deepest monitoring site(99 m from the tunnel entrance) was approximately half that of the outermost site. The amplitude of the acceleration response spectrum was also attenuated from the entrance inwards, the dynamic magnification factor(β) of the standard acceleration spectrum was less than 3.5, and rate of change was the same as that for the amplitude acceleration response. The Fourier spectra of each monitoring site also decreased from the outside inwards, and the components of the Fourier spectra were more complex at the surface.

Seismic response of cracking features in Jubao Mountain during the aftershocks of Jiuzhaigou Ms7.0 earthquake

Jiuzhaigou is a world-heritage site located in the plateau area of Northwest Sichuan Province,China.Serious slope failures in the epicentral area were triggered by the Ms7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred on August 8,2017.The source areas of the hazards are usually concentrated near ridge crests,revealingthe possible occurrence of ground motion amplification phenomena.To explore the role of the amplification of ground motions in the formation of earthquake-triggered slope failures,two seismometers were installed,on the next day after the main shock,at the bottom of the slopeof Jubao Mountain near the seismogenic fault.The two monitoring sites are located at elevations of 1414 m(J1)and 1551 m(J2,the top of the mountain).Five aftershocks were recorded by the monitoring instruments.We compared the mean levels of the peak ground acceleration(PGA)observed at different locations,and investigated the directional variations inthe shaking energy by analyzing the polar diagrams of the Arias intensity(Ia).Then,in order to identify the directional resonance phenomenonandtheir frequencies and amplification coefficients,we examined the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(HVSR)and the standard spectral ratio(SSR).Polar diagrams of theArias intensity(Ia)indicated that the site response of Jubao Mountain showed a pronounced directivity(in theEW direction)with shaking maxima near the hill top oriented orthogonally to the elongation of the relief.We observed anobvious resonance phenomenonat site J2 at relatively low frequencies(2.5-9 Hz)and very weak spectral amplifications at site J1 at high frequencies(5-15 Hz),which suggested that the predominant frequency of monitoring site J2 was obviously attenuated and that the difference in the spectra was related to the influences of the local-scale site conditions of the whole mountain.The results of spectral ratio analyses(HVSR and SSR)showed that the direction of resonance was concentrated around an EW orientation,and the amplification factors near the hill top were larger than 2.It suggests that geologic factors also play a significant role in the anisotropic amplifications affecting the tops of slopes besides the topographic effects.

基于网络拓扑结构的多灾山区路网韧性评估

艰险山区自然灾害频发对公路网络中城市和道路的破坏严重,基于韧性理论指导山区路网规划、建设是保证山区可持续发展的重点研究工作。从山区多灾环境下突发地质灾害对公路网络节点或边的破坏出发,从连通性、冗余性2个路网韧性性能角度提出多维度公路网络韧性评价体系,以2022年9月5日四川泸定Ms6.8级地震及诱发地质灾害对研究区域路网破坏为例计算分析,实现灾前、灾后路网性能变化分析的韧性评估方法。结果表明:灾后路网平均路径长度增加2%、平均聚类系数减小1.12%、全局效率降低0.36%,说明灾后公路断道导致节点间连接的边失效,网络局部通行能力、冗余能力下降,导致路网整体韧性降低,需对路网中的重要城市和道路加强保护并做好韧性提升工作。

边坡模型相似材料配比试验研究

针对边坡模型试验相似材料配比问题,系统总结了国内外常用的岩体及边坡相似材料配比研究现状:相似材料的配比对物理力学参数特性的影响很大,而不同学者采用的材料及配比方案差异较大,使得边坡模型试验的成果难以得到全面的推广;目前,重晶石粉、石英砂、石膏、甘油、水能模拟自然界中大多数类型的岩体,是进行边坡模型试验的理想材料.采用三因素四水平的正交试验法,对16组不同配比相似材料进行力学试验,通过极差和方差敏感性分析得出结论如下:重晶石粉含量与密度成正比,石膏含量对密度影响不显著;抗压强度与石膏含量呈正相关关系,甘油占比对抗压强度影响明显,呈现先略微增大后急剧降低的特征;弹性模量与甘油和重晶石粉占比呈负相关关系;抗拉强度与甘油占比呈负相关关系,与石膏占比呈正相关关系;随着石膏含量的增加内聚力呈现增大的趋势;内摩擦角呈现出随重晶石粉含量增加而减小的趋势.该问题的研究对边坡模型试验相似材料的配比具有一定的指导意义.