Yield gap analysis could provide management suggestions to increase crop yields,while the understandings of resource utilization efficiency could help judge the rationality of the management.Based on more than 110 pub...Yield gap analysis could provide management suggestions to increase crop yields,while the understandings of resource utilization efficiency could help judge the rationality of the management.Based on more than 110 published papers and data from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO,www.fao.org/faostat) and the Global Yield Gap and Water Productivity Atlas (www.yieldgap.org),this study summarized the concept,quantitative method of yield gap,yield-limiting factors,and resource utilization efficiency of the three major food crops (wheat,maize and rice).Currently,global potential yields of wheat,maize and rice were 7.7,10.4 and 8.5 t ha^(–1),respectively.However,actual yields of wheat,maize and rice were just 4.1,5.5 and 4.0 t ha^(–1),respectively.Climate,nutrients,moisture,crop varieties,planting dates,and socioeconomic conditions are the most mentioned yield-limiting factors.In terms of resource utilization,nitrogen utilization,water utilization,and radiation utilization efficiencies are still not optimal,and this review has summarized the main improvement measures.The current research focuses on quantitative potential yield and yield gap,with a rough explanation of yield-limiting factors.Subsequent research should use remote sensing data to improve the accuracy of the regional scale and use machine learning to quantify the role of yield-limiting factors in yield gaps and the impact of change crop management on resource utilization efficiency,so as to propose reasonable and effective measures to close yield gaps.展开更多
为缓解内蒙古河套灌区水资源短缺并实现农业节水,在河套灌区开展连续两年(2016年和2017年)的田间试验,采用膜下滴灌种植春玉米,设置5个基于土壤水基质势的灌水下限水平,分别为-10 k Pa(S1)、-20 k Pa(S2)、-30 k Pa(S3)、-40 k Pa(S4)、...为缓解内蒙古河套灌区水资源短缺并实现农业节水,在河套灌区开展连续两年(2016年和2017年)的田间试验,采用膜下滴灌种植春玉米,设置5个基于土壤水基质势的灌水下限水平,分别为-10 k Pa(S1)、-20 k Pa(S2)、-30 k Pa(S3)、-40 k Pa(S4)、-50 k Pa(S5),研究不同灌溉处理下的土壤水分分布与春玉米生长及耗水特性。研究结果表明,2个生长季内不同基质势水平下土壤含水率差异明显,基质势越高,土壤剖面平均体积含水率越高;不同土壤水基质势下限控制的灌水水平显著影响玉米生长,随着生育期内土壤水基质势控制下限的降低,玉米株高与叶面积指数显著降低(p <0. 05),其中S5处理玉米发生早衰现象;地上部干物质积累量、百粒质量、穗粒数等产量构成指标都随土壤水基质势下限的升高而增加;土壤水基质势水平越高,玉米产量越高,其中S1、S2和S3处理玉米产量显著高于S4和S5,但是前三者之间不存在显著差异(p <0. 05);随着土壤水基质势的降低,水分利用效率先增大后减小,-30 k Pa时水分利用效率最高。综合考虑作物产量和水分利用效率,建议将河套灌区玉米膜下滴灌土壤水基质势下限控制在-30 k Pa为宜。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300100)the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesthe Elite Youth Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science。
文摘Yield gap analysis could provide management suggestions to increase crop yields,while the understandings of resource utilization efficiency could help judge the rationality of the management.Based on more than 110 published papers and data from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO,www.fao.org/faostat) and the Global Yield Gap and Water Productivity Atlas (www.yieldgap.org),this study summarized the concept,quantitative method of yield gap,yield-limiting factors,and resource utilization efficiency of the three major food crops (wheat,maize and rice).Currently,global potential yields of wheat,maize and rice were 7.7,10.4 and 8.5 t ha^(–1),respectively.However,actual yields of wheat,maize and rice were just 4.1,5.5 and 4.0 t ha^(–1),respectively.Climate,nutrients,moisture,crop varieties,planting dates,and socioeconomic conditions are the most mentioned yield-limiting factors.In terms of resource utilization,nitrogen utilization,water utilization,and radiation utilization efficiencies are still not optimal,and this review has summarized the main improvement measures.The current research focuses on quantitative potential yield and yield gap,with a rough explanation of yield-limiting factors.Subsequent research should use remote sensing data to improve the accuracy of the regional scale and use machine learning to quantify the role of yield-limiting factors in yield gaps and the impact of change crop management on resource utilization efficiency,so as to propose reasonable and effective measures to close yield gaps.
文摘为缓解内蒙古河套灌区水资源短缺并实现农业节水,在河套灌区开展连续两年(2016年和2017年)的田间试验,采用膜下滴灌种植春玉米,设置5个基于土壤水基质势的灌水下限水平,分别为-10 k Pa(S1)、-20 k Pa(S2)、-30 k Pa(S3)、-40 k Pa(S4)、-50 k Pa(S5),研究不同灌溉处理下的土壤水分分布与春玉米生长及耗水特性。研究结果表明,2个生长季内不同基质势水平下土壤含水率差异明显,基质势越高,土壤剖面平均体积含水率越高;不同土壤水基质势下限控制的灌水水平显著影响玉米生长,随着生育期内土壤水基质势控制下限的降低,玉米株高与叶面积指数显著降低(p <0. 05),其中S5处理玉米发生早衰现象;地上部干物质积累量、百粒质量、穗粒数等产量构成指标都随土壤水基质势下限的升高而增加;土壤水基质势水平越高,玉米产量越高,其中S1、S2和S3处理玉米产量显著高于S4和S5,但是前三者之间不存在显著差异(p <0. 05);随着土壤水基质势的降低,水分利用效率先增大后减小,-30 k Pa时水分利用效率最高。综合考虑作物产量和水分利用效率,建议将河套灌区玉米膜下滴灌土壤水基质势下限控制在-30 k Pa为宜。
