The success of the Green Revolution largely relies on fertilizers, and a new Green Revolution is very much needed to use fertilizers more economically and efficiently, as well as with more environmental responsibility...The success of the Green Revolution largely relies on fertilizers, and a new Green Revolution is very much needed to use fertilizers more economically and efficiently, as well as with more environmental responsibility. The use efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is controlled by complex gene networks that co-ordinate uptake, re-distribution, assimilation, and storage of these nutrients. Great progress has been made in breeding nutrient-efficient crops by molecularly engineering root traits desirable for efficient acquisition of nutrients from soil, transporters for uptake, redistribution and homeostasis of nutrients, and enzymes for efficient assimilation. Regulatory and transcription factors modulating these processes are also valuable in breeding crops with improved nutrient use efficiency and yield performance.展开更多
Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） often experiences photoinhibition due to strong light during the grain filling stage. As such, increasing the tolerance of wheat to photoinhibition is very desirable in breeding efforts ...Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） often experiences photoinhibition due to strong light during the grain filling stage. As such, increasing the tolerance of wheat to photoinhibition is very desirable in breeding efforts focused on increasing grain yields. Previous reports have suggested that PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5 （PGR5） plays a central role in the generation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane （ApH） and in acclimation to high light intensity conditions. Three PGR5 homoeologues were isolated from wheat, and mapped onto chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D, respectively. The TaPGR5s shared highly similar genomic sequences and gene structures. The transcripts of TaPGR5s were found to be abundantly expressed in the flag leaves, and were transiently up-regulated by treatment with high light. High light treatment inhibited the net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and the maximal quantum yield ofphotosystem II （Fv/Fm）. Further, these inhibitions were more evident in the leaves with reduced expression of TaPGR5s achieved using virus-induced gene silencing methods. Moreover, reducing TaPGR5 expression impaired the induction of non-photochemical quenching （NPQ）, which caused more severe cell membrane damage and lipid peroxidation in high light. Additionally, we observed that TaPGR5s transcripts were more abundantly expressed in the wheat genotypes with higher ms-delayed light emission （ms-DLE）, a value reflecting transthylakoid ApH. These results suggested that TaPGR5s play important roles in the tolerance of wheat to photoinhibition.展开更多
在解析特殊挥发性物质的质谱裂解行为的基础上,建立气相色谱-质谱联用单离子监测(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring,GC-MS SIM)稳定同位素内标法,对不同品种葡萄果实中的58种挥发性物质进行精准的定...在解析特殊挥发性物质的质谱裂解行为的基础上,建立气相色谱-质谱联用单离子监测(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring,GC-MS SIM)稳定同位素内标法,对不同品种葡萄果实中的58种挥发性物质进行精准的定性与定量分析,并探讨不同品种中挥发性物质的含量差异。葡萄果实样品破碎均质后,采用固相微萃取的方法进行高效富集萃取,再进行GC-MS SIM分析。结果表明,在特定的质量浓度范围内该方法线性关系良好,其线性相关系数在0.995 0(除异丙醇为0.967 1)以上;绝大多数目标物的检出限低于1.56μg/kg;除个别挥发性物质的加标回收率较低,不同加标水平目标物样品回收率在60.64%~129.63%范围内,其回收率结果的相对标准偏差均低于19.56%。该方法具有灵敏度高、准确可靠的优点,适用于葡萄等水果蔬菜中挥发性物质的准确定性与定量研究。此外,本实验通过对12个不同品种的葡萄果实样品中挥发性物质的差异分析,探明葡萄果实中的关键性挥发性物质,并挖掘出不同品种葡萄的特色挥发性物质。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100706)the National Transgenic Key Project from the Ministry of Agriculture of China (2016ZX08002-005)
文摘The success of the Green Revolution largely relies on fertilizers, and a new Green Revolution is very much needed to use fertilizers more economically and efficiently, as well as with more environmental responsibility. The use efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is controlled by complex gene networks that co-ordinate uptake, re-distribution, assimilation, and storage of these nutrients. Great progress has been made in breeding nutrient-efficient crops by molecularly engineering root traits desirable for efficient acquisition of nutrients from soil, transporters for uptake, redistribution and homeostasis of nutrients, and enzymes for efficient assimilation. Regulatory and transcription factors modulating these processes are also valuable in breeding crops with improved nutrient use efficiency and yield performance.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB118302 and 2011CB100304)
文摘Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） often experiences photoinhibition due to strong light during the grain filling stage. As such, increasing the tolerance of wheat to photoinhibition is very desirable in breeding efforts focused on increasing grain yields. Previous reports have suggested that PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5 （PGR5） plays a central role in the generation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane （ApH） and in acclimation to high light intensity conditions. Three PGR5 homoeologues were isolated from wheat, and mapped onto chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D, respectively. The TaPGR5s shared highly similar genomic sequences and gene structures. The transcripts of TaPGR5s were found to be abundantly expressed in the flag leaves, and were transiently up-regulated by treatment with high light. High light treatment inhibited the net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and the maximal quantum yield ofphotosystem II （Fv/Fm）. Further, these inhibitions were more evident in the leaves with reduced expression of TaPGR5s achieved using virus-induced gene silencing methods. Moreover, reducing TaPGR5 expression impaired the induction of non-photochemical quenching （NPQ）, which caused more severe cell membrane damage and lipid peroxidation in high light. Additionally, we observed that TaPGR5s transcripts were more abundantly expressed in the wheat genotypes with higher ms-delayed light emission （ms-DLE）, a value reflecting transthylakoid ApH. These results suggested that TaPGR5s play important roles in the tolerance of wheat to photoinhibition.
